Shotcrete: The zvemichina inoshanda uye zvinhu

Mumakore 100 makore spraying kongiri Michina utsanzi zvazova chaiwo uye rinoshandiswa nenzira dzakawanda maindasitiri kugadzirisa siyana kugadzirwa matambudziko. Uyezve, mumakore achangopfuura nokuda zvibereko vhoriyamu kugadziriswa uye kuvakwa anoshanda kufarira nzira iyi yakawedzera chaizvo. Spraying ari layering pakati nesuko kana kongiri mhinduro nokugura kumanikidza iyo nesungano pakati nezvimedu anopiwa ane wakagadzirira pechiso mhinduro. Huripo makatsemuka uye pores duku azere munguva oparesheni.

nokushandisa imwe nharaunda

Kushandisa sprayed kongiri nhasi iwayo akakurumbira. nzira iri kushandiswa batanidza dombo pachivande mabasa ari mugodhi uye tunneling. Kuita pasina ichi zvemichina uye kugadzira nekongiri uye zvakasimbisa kongiri ezvirevo. Izvi zvinosanganisira nokusimbaradza uye yaitsiva zvinhu zviri kuora. Shotcrete rinoshandiswa kana kuita chisimbiso, somunhu refractory zvinhu. Akawana yayo kwakapararira dzisiri ferrous, ferrous, zvemakemikari, ejecha girazi Mazinga, chimwe nechimwe Rinobatanidzwa mukuru-tembiricha pezvakaitwa. It rinoshandisirwa kupa rwokudzivirira kusakara nemishonga unhani. Kazhinji, nzira iyi inoshandiswa kusika zvinhu romubati chinangwa. Nzira rinoshandiswa kuti kuwedzera pana pasi kuvakwa pasi. Izvi zvinoshandawo okuchengetera mano uye makomba, uyewo kusimbisa mawere paivakwa mugwagwa junctions uye mabhiriji.

Main zviri unyanzvi

Kana rikashandiswa shotcrete, unyanzvi hwokugadzira kunoratidzwa nedzimwe features, pakati pavo - mukana kushandisa murwiyo pamusoro gogonera nomumativi ari chawo, iri ndege zvose. Izvi imhaka yakakwirira namira zvivako muvhenganiswa yaro kuzvitsigira kugona. Nabryzg yakabereka panguva mukuru kumanikidzwa uye nokukurumidza, izvo rinobvumira rakaisvonaka adhesion nezvinhu. Mushure rakachengetedzwa firimu iri compressed tisingatungamirirwi. Pakukora pemvura kuwana chero, kuti zvichaita kuvimba chaizvo ezvinhu uye matambudziko. Dzimwe nguva basa achiperekedzwa chisimbiso, dzinoshandiswa chinyakare chisimbiso kana chinokosha fibers. The inokwanisa kuti nokukurumidza kuvaka kutsigira hurongwa pasina kupindira formwork uyewo anobvisa refu amirire yakareba.

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana shotcrete michina

Shotcrete ingashandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana: nyoro kana chakaoma. Muchiitiko chokutanga, kuti pfapfaidzo kamwene uchaguta munzvimbo ine akagadzirira-Mix kongiri. Izvi zvinova zvinogoneka kuburikidza rinokosha chubhu. The sezvamunoita riri muchimiro chinoramba yorwizi. Inoshandisa dzakaonda mhepo , uye kongiri. Sezvo mukana unyanzvi uyu mukana kushandisa yunifomu sezvamunoita, zvishoma dusting, kurerutsa rebound zvokunyama uye kukwanisa kupedza grout musanganiswa pashure kushanda. The zvichiguma yemuraudzo inogona kushandiswa mamwe basa rokuvaka. The akanyorova nzira kushandisa sprayed kongiri anogona kubudiswa muchisungwazve dzezvimwe.

Zvazvakashatira kunyorova deposition

Shotcrete ingashandiswa nenzira nyoro nzira, asi kune zvimwe zvainovhiringidzawo, runoratidzwa pasi mhinduro aibuda mwero kuti haabvumiri kuti kunonyanyisa kugadzira arambe achirema. Pakukora ari kuiswa rukoko ishoma uye asingauyi kupfuudza 3 masendimita muzana chete kusvika. Yokuzvigadzirisa shotcrete muchina kana rinoshandiswa nemadhaka nzira, vakawedzera zvinodiwa. Uyezve, tenzi akasungwa kuna kongiri kugadzirwa nzvimbo, uye kushandisa refu maoko hazvibviri. Izvi ichikutadzisa ari maneuverability.

Features akaoma shotcrete

Kushandisa sprayed kongiri inogona zvinoberekwa yakaoma ano, uye izvo anogovera zvokudya musanganiswa pamwe fillers kuti iparadzanise mvura kubva hosipaipi. Kana vaiitawo ichi kunoitika zvakananga nebulizer. Tichifunga kubatsirwa, ndiko kupa mukana kuti Zvinoumba kure uyewo nokuwedzera aibuda mwero dhaka. Interlayer adhesion uye adhesion pamwe pose wokutanga wokutanga kuwedzera, zvinogona kunzi pamusoro kuita, asi vakashandisa rukoko angava ukobvu kusvika 60 millimeters. Kana ukashandisa unyanzvi ichi, nechigadziko havafaniri wokuwedzera lähikuva, midziyo asingagoveri kudikanwa yokushambidza. Zvingava zvakakwana kuti kuridza nawo compressed mhepo.

Zvazvakashatira nzira yakaoma

At nzvimbo chikumbiro mitoo vachishandisa yakaoma shotcreting kucharatidza wakawedzera kusvibiswa uye guruva. Vashandi vanofanira kuva akakodzera zvinodiwa. Nhamba mvura yakaoma muvhenganiswa inofanira kuchinjwa uye dzinoongororwa panguva unhani rikurumidze.

The Zvinoumba kongiri

Kana ukasarudza kushandisa shotcrete, musanganiswa inokurudzirwa kuongorora. Kuti agadzirire kushandiswa ejecha jecha nhamba 1: 3 kana 1: 4, vose kuvimba operative zvinodiwa magadzirirwo. Muchiitiko chokutanga, pose achava zvakakwana kukurira zvemaziso uye wechipiri - pamwe okunze. Zvakakosha kugadzira mari musanganiswa, yamuchakwanisa kukwanisa kushanda vari maawa 3 yakadaro, zvikasadaro zvichava balling, simende anorasikirwa kushingaira unhu.

Kana uchida kushanda panguva yakaderera tembiricha kuti apa zvinhu zvinofanira akawedzera plasticizers, izvo pre-rakasanganiswa nemvura. Kana zvakakodzera, kugadzirira yakaoma musanganiswa yebhasera upfu fomu. Namatongo yakawanikwa panguva rebound mashoko, haafaniri kushandiswa yechipiri vaiitawo mhinduro.

mamwe zvinhu

dzimwe nguva zvimwe makambani dzinokudziridzwa yokuvirisa kuti shotcrete. A bvumidzwa nokuti chakatangwa, kana kutoti chikumbiro nokuti, muchiitiko ichi, unofanira kuzviisa pasi. kana chete zvigadzirwa anogona atengeswe. Somuenzaniso, funga kushanda kuti bvumidzwa pamusoro RF №2543233, sezvamakaropafadzwa musanganiswa iri vaisanganisa pamwe yokuvirisa zvikuru kunzwisisa. Saka, muna mumwe wavo sezvo ebetsero zvinoriumba anoshanda hydrofluoric acid. Asi chinoumba iri miviri chinoumba stabilizer - yavaibvisa aluminate. Acidic zvinoriumba - phosphoric asidhi nomukaka. Pakazoti rokutanga danho mvura nenharo kuti tembiricha 60 kusvika 110 madhigirii, uye pashure pacho hunosumwa kupinda aruminiyamu sulfate uye hydrofluoric acid, diethanolamine uye acidic zvinoriumba stabilizer. In danho rinotevera chikuru chinoumba kutaurwa.

Zvinoumba "Zeke" sprayed kongiri

Kana uchida kuziva Kuronga shotcrete kambani "Sika" chii, vanofanira vanyatsonzwisisa zvinoitwa musanganiswa. Saka, unogona kushandiswa muchando, iyo yakaitwa zvibvire kuonga inokosha yokuvirisa uye modulating zvokuwedzera. Kuti vagadzirise matambudziko akasiyana, kuti mugadziri anoshandisa imwe yokubika. Nokuti ejecha jecha stabilizers anogona kuwedzerwa ari pamusoro kukura hunowedzera segregational kutsiga musanganiswa. Dzimwe nguva nokusanganisa accelerators kushandisa marongero nokuomesa, uyewo FIs uye yokuvirisa nokuda microsilica. Wokupedzisira zvinhu izvi zvinokosha anatsiridze simba uye impermeability. Shotcrete, ane muenzi vanofanira kutevedza inotevera mazita: 26633, dzinoratidzwa hunoshamisa unongotaura.

pamusoro gadziriro

chinonyanya rukoko uremu ari pamberi zvikashandiswa, nechigadziko kunodzivirirwa hydraulically nokuda sandblasting. The pemvura vanofanira kuramba peeling akwegura pendi, plaster, kongiri, tsvina, madhaka uye guruva. Kana paine chisimbiso, zvichava kuchenesa ngura. Kuti uvandudze adhesion kongiri penyika iri roughened. Kuti kudzora Zvinoumba yunifomu nokuparadzirwa pamusoro pemvura T-shirts vari iiswe. Dzimwe rinotevera rukoko kunosimbiswa kuti ichi chinangwa 100-mm pajira riya, uye kana sero saizi iduku, zvichava achinyudza pakutanga rukoko. The akagadzirira pamusoro anofanira Chiso chinopenya pamwe compressed mhepo nemvura.

shotcrete michina

Kana vakasarudza pachavo kuti vaite basa kurondedzerwa, iwe vangafarira nhamba shotcrete, riri makirogiramu 2400 paavhareji 1 cubic mita. Izvi zvinofanira kufungwa kana pakuverenga pakukora inotevera rukoko. Kure pakati kamwene uye pose zvichaita chokuita uwandu nzenza zvinhu. Sezvo tsika inoratidza chinhambwe chimwe kana zviviri metres ndiyo Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri. Kana iwe kuderedza payo, achaita mari zvikuru, uyewo zvishoma chisimbiso rukoko. Kana, zvisinei, kusapfuudza pamusoro nechipi, unhani vachasunungurirwa.

nokuti shotcrete yokuvirisa arege kushandiswa, asi mvura havagoni kuramba chero nzira. Zvinofanira yebhasera kuchiitirwa reshiyo. Somuenzaniso, kuti tiwane simba pamusoro 26.4 MPa zvaizova zvakakodzera kuwedzera mvura uye chairo iri nhamba 0.35. Kana uchida kuderedza simba anosvika 22.1, nhamba anofanira kutarira akafanana 0.5. Muchiitiko chokutanga, kuti rebound kubva muzana raiva 19.1; apo rechipiri - 11.2. Optimum mvura-simende reshiyo akaenzana panogumira 0,4. Kushandisa sprayed kongiri anogadzirwa akaturikidzana, shoma Ukobvu neimwe kunge anenge 6 millimeters. Kana rikashandiswa kuti kongiri spraying kamwene simende-pfuti kunofanira mune helical nzira. NokuAsia tinofanira kuva panzvimbo rworudyi yorusvingo kusvikira pamusoro. Change angled kunogona zvishoma, vachiedza zadza pakadzika goko kana armature nzvimbo.

Nyanzvi zano

Kuurungana anofanira riine yoga chinjikira rinoparadza vane kureba iri m. Layering wonamatidza pane mumwe anofanira kuva 20 masendimita. Kana aida kushandisa zvakajeka mhinduro pasina kushandisa yokuvirisa, zvakaturikidzaniswa yechipiri inofanira kushandiswa maawa maviri pashure yokutanga.