Socialist Fure Sharl uye pfungwa dzake. Biography uye mabasa Charles Fourier

Utopian mugovanisi Sharl Fure kumbofungidzira dzakanakira nzanga pasina neHurumende anotambura nesimba. Pasinei nokuti pfungwa hazvishandi, Fourier dzidziso aiva chinokosha kwakabatsira Marxism uye mugovanisi pfungwa.

udiki

April 7, 1772 mumhuri rakanyatsojeka akapfuma MuBesançon aiva mwanakomana - Fure Sharl. Somwana, mwana akanga apiwa mukana mukuru pakunzwisisa siyana Sciences uye Arts, aikudzwa ne tsika zviroto chete, kufarira dandadzo aiverenga uye mumhanzi. pauduku kwakadaro kuumbwa ari kwouzivi uye Vanoratidza mafungiro, iro rinorondedzerwa zvapedzisira basa mukomana. dzidzo yokuchikoro Charles aiva Makwanza zhinji, akadzidza paChikoro wechechi yeRoma kukoreji, uye gare gare nguva nenguva vakadzidza sayenzi siyana nokuti nguva apo upenyu hwachinja. baba vake vakafa, uye namabasa ake vakanga haana penya ezvinhu. Naizvozvo Fourier-makore 18 rakamanikidzwa kumira seri pakaunda pachitoro kuti dziwane mari ivo zvokudya, asi mweya wake ichi nhema.

The kutsvaka pacharo

Pasinei aifanira kushanda, Sharl Fure, ane Biography haisi chete kuita pamawere majana, nguva dzose aiva nenyota ruzivo uye kufungisisa. Makore anoverengeka rakaoma basa, nzendo, pfuma uye kurasikirwa zvakakonzera kuti muna 1793 Fourier aiva muridzi weshopu ichitongwa nezvawaitengesa. Asi zvino rakasvika French Revolution, uye akarasikirwa nezvose, iye akanzi kuhondo, apo akanga asunungurwa kuti utano uye rakamanikidzwa zvakare kutanga nzira yavo, zvino mumwe mabharani uye ipapo bhuroka. Asi nguva yose iyi haana kurega kuvavarira ruzivo, kudzidza zvinhu zvitsva, takatarisa nyika kuenda, uye azviratidza pfungwa dzakasiyana.

wezvakashata

Makore akawanda kushanda masangano akasiyana, Fure Sharl kuvaka zvivako siyana. impracticability yavo kana yakaderera utility anoita kumutumidza panguva ino wezvakashata. Anofarira zvose, uye anoda kuvandudza. The Fure Sharl pasi Bazi Defence toronga pamberi zvokudya nzira itsva, pfungwa yake kushanda ari matanda uye simbi njanji, zviri basa racho riri chokufambisa revarwi mhiri Rhine, zviri kuita basa kuumba boka chinokosha nevaichinja. mabasa ake ose unowanzosangana kungokonzera kusekwa, asi haina kurega basa kwepfungwa Fourier. Pakazosvika makore matatu, akapedzisira akaziva kudanwa kwake - kuva evanhu muvandudzi, uye kuti anopa nguva yakawanda nesimba.

Muna 1803 akanyora duku bhuku iri ichitongwa mutemo, izvo akaratidza mavambo zvaakaratidzwa uye masimba ouprofita ake. Gare gare, muna 1808, akabudisa basa rake guru rokutanga "dzidziso nemasangano mana uye mukuru yemberi", rwakazokura akatangira rakazara dzidziso Fourier. Bhuku harina akasvinudzwa kuti Charles mukana wokurarama chete basa rayo kwesayenzi, haana kugamuchira zvakanaka tinyatsonzwisisa venguva yake. Kwekanguva achine kurwira zvaivararamisa. Uye chete muna 1822 aine mudzidzi uye anorichengeta uyo inotsigirwa racho rakatevera bhuku.

Dzidziso yezvisikwa kubatana

Back mukutanga mabasa Fourier sotsietarny formulates chirongwa kuchinja capitalist munzanga. Gare gare, dzidziso Munhu anofunga wakavhomorwa kuti dzidziso yose ibatane. The kutanga nzvimbo muviri pfungwa yokuti capitalism haisi rokupedzisira danho kukura kwenzanga, ndiko chete danho iri kuti nzanga nokudenga anopindirana. Aidavira kuti nzanga kunofanira basa shamwari - phalanges, vanenge 2 zviuru vanhu, vachagara vari phalanx.

Labor uye kubatsirwa kugovana wakanaka, sezvakanga zvinodiwa nevanhu. Aidavira kuti phalansteries akadaro anogona kusika iye zvino pamusoro mari vanoyamura. The hwaro yemberi munzanga rinopindirana ndiyo dzidziso kuchiva, semuna. E. The vakasununguka chido vanhu vanofanira kuva hwaro hwavo basa kugutsikana. Fourier zvinganaka kushandura yose maumbirwo vanhu, kutanga dzidzo yevana, iyo, kwake maonero, kwete zvakakwana chete dzidzo mhuri. The anofunga rukarwa echimurenga yekupindurwa evanhu, aidavira kuti capitalism uchaenda munzanga rinopindirana kuburikidza vanhu pakunamata. The vanhu itsva akaona vakasununguka timuteerere uye neboka kupesana.

denderedzwa shamwari

Mune 20s ramakore rechi18, Sharl Fure, vane pfungwa zviri kuparadzira uye mukurumbira, anosika vakamupoteredza chiduku yakaurungana dzakafanana vanhu. Havana chete kuteerera pfungwa muzivi, asiwo mubasa popularization pfungwa dzake. Kwemakore, iwe yakabudiswa magazini akawanda, izvo kufukidza nyaya Fourierism. The vateveri vakapfuma nevakakurumbira dzidziso, zvikurukuru hama Mhandara Yakakomborerwa, uye mutevedzeri Bode-Dyulari vape zvinhu zvizhinji kuvaka phalanx, asi pfungwa kwakaratidza kuti kuva isingabereki. Sezvo nhengo vomunharaunda havana unyanzvi okurima basa uye zvirongwa zvavo vakaenda neparutivi. In yechipiri yezana 30-ies munzanga Victor Considerant, vaite kudzorerwa "chikoro" auya, iye anotangazve imwe magazini matsva uye inopedzera yakawanda zvinhu nokuda kuparadzirwa pfungwa Fourierism. All kuziva nezvenhoroondo mana kuedza kuumba phalansteries muEurope uye America, asi hapana akakwanisa kurarama kwemakore anopfuura mashanu.

Pfungwa huru

Anofunga Fure Sharl, vane mabasa vakanga panoonekwa vakararama pamwe nechido anovaka dzidziso yake pamusoro postulates izvi. Capitalism inovakwa pamusoro kunaka basa uye kuparadzira upfumi, saka vaizongoguma ichabvisa itsva mhando munzanga. Akakodzera vanobatsirikana panofanira phalanges - kudyidzana, izvo akaronga maererano nheyo tonyatsokurukurirana pezvokuvamba kambani, vacharamba chaiyo, asi hakuzovipo kuchiunza kudzvinyirira. The chikuru mhando kugadzirwa - zvokurima. Sezvo chinangwa chikuru - kuti chinhu kunyanyisa mari zvokudya kudzivisa kudiwa kanganisa munhu ari yavaive yavo. Vatori vechikamu phalanx kupa rwakafanana mari vamwe mari kuti vawana uye nzira kugadzirwa. Mumwe munhu anosarudza mhando yebasa maererano nemano avo uye mafungiro, saka zvinoshanda nokuzvitsaurira uye mafaro. Kunyanya vanhu ramangwana chiri musoro sangano norukosoro,

zvichireva Fourierism

Sharl Fure - mugovanisi, utopian, aiva chinokosha simba pamusoro Marx uye Shona. Vakabvuma kuti pfungwa utopian pamusoro Fourier akavabvumira kuwana nzira yakarurama pakasikwa munhu vanhu zvakaenzana. Scientific komiyunizimu pakati Marx akakura kubva dzidziso "yezvisikwa kubatana", nokuputsa zvimwe zvayo utopian nguva.

On Fourier kumusha ichaongororwa mumwe mukuru nevafungi remakore rechi19, mabasa ake vari kudzidza mu Africa.

In Russia muna 40s zvedzidziso remakore rechi19 Charles Fourier zvakare anowana vatsigiri vakawanda, uyo pakati vaiva Butashevich-Petrashevsky uye Annenkov. Circle Petrashevists kunyange aida kuvaka phalanx kuRussia, asi ichi chaitadzisa kusungwa musoro. Moral uye pedagogical Fourier maonero vakanga zvakanaka nokugamuchirwa Chernyshevsky.