Steam boilers: nheyo kushanda uye mudziyo

Steam bhaira ane mudziyo kuti rokutendeutsa mvura chiutsi rinoshandiswa vari pamba uye zviri indasitiri. Steam rinoshandiswa kudziyisa ari kwakavakirwa, motokari uye mapaipi, uyewo kuti kutenderera turbomachinery. Ngationei zvimwe chii chinoumba chiutsi boilers. Musimboti oparesheni, mudziyo kupatsanura, kukura uye zvakawanda - ichi zvose ichakurukurwa pazasi.

tsananguro

Sezvaunoziva, mumwe hwemvura bhaira hadzisisina zvibereko chiutsi. Saka boilers izvi mhando kungaita yegwara mhando mbiri: nomuti uye chaipisa. Muchiitiko chokutanga, tembiricha iri madhigirii anenge 100, uye kumanikidza - anenge 100 kPa. Chaipisa hwemvura tembiricha inokwira kusvika 500 madhigirii uye okuda - kusvika 26 MPa. Zvine chiutsi rinoshandiswa nezvezvipfuwo zvinangwa, zvikurukuru muchidziisa dzimba dzakavanzika. Chaipisa hwemvura wakawana kushanda mu bhizimisi uye simba. He inobvumira kupisa, saka kushandiswa kwayo rinowedzerawo zvikuru kunyatsoshanda hwomuti.

kukura

Kune zvitatu mikuru kushandiswa chiutsi boilers:

1. Heating hurongwa. The chiutsi anoita seinokonzera simba.
2. Energy. Industrial hwemvura michini, kana sezvo dzinonzi chiutsi emagetsi zvinoshandiswa kugadzira magetsi simba.
3. Industry. The chiutsi ari indasitiri anoshandiswa kwete chete nokuda kudziyisa, "Shirts" apparatuses uye mapaipi, asiwo kutendeutsa chafariz simba kupinda zvemaziso uye kutamira motokari.

Household chiutsi boilers yaishandiswa mumhuri kudziyisa. Mumashoko nyore, basa ravo nenharo uye mvura mhute kufamba kubudikidza Mapaipi. Hurongwa akadaro kakawanda ngaakushongedzei ane mira romoto kana bhaira. Kazhinji, musha midziyo yemagetsi ikasabereka zvine chaipisa hwemvura, inova zvakakwana kuita mabasa avo.

In indasitiri, kuti chiutsi riri chaipisa - kuramba kudziyisa pashure kwemvura nechinangwa mamwe kuwedzera tembiricha. Zvivako izvi chinokosha unhu zvinodiwa, sezvo overheated hwemvura tangi ngozi kuti putika. The chaipisa hwemvura yakawanikwa kubva bhaira, anogona kuenda magetsi chizvarwa kana zvokuimba inofamba.

Magetsi pamwe chiutsi achiumbwa zvinotevera nenzira. Nokuipisa noutsi hwemvura, kuti chiutsi anopinda turbine panokodzera kune rizere chokubuda rotates nomubato. Saka, chafariz simba iri dzikwanise zvemaziso, uye iye, akavapindurawo, iri dzikwanise magetsi simba. Ndizvo simba turbine.

Vachishandisa kutenderera nomubato, kunoitika pakati kwemvura ine yakawanda chaipisa chiutsi, anogona kutapukira zvakananga injini uye vhiri. Saka sangano iri utsi senga. Sezvo yakakurumbira muenzaniso hwemvura injini chiutsi kungaita locomotive kana zvomumvura bhaira. okupedzisira oparesheni musimboti uri nyore kwazvo; marasha combustion zvinowanisa kupisa iyo rinopisa mvura uye zvinowanisa chiutsi. Zvakanaka majoko, uyewo, rotates vhiri, kana iri nyaya chikepe screws.

Steam boilers: oparesheni

Ngatikurukurei muudzame sei kuti ishande boilers izvi. Panobva nokupisa zvakakodzera kuti kudziyisa mvura, anogona kuva chero mhando simba: yemagetsi, zuva, geothermal, kupisa combustion negasi kana chikukutu mafuta. Steam kwakaita panguva kudziyisa mvura iri kupisa kuchinjirwa fluid i.e. anotamisa chafariz simba kubva kudziyisa nzvimbo panzvimbo kushandiswa.

Pasinei-siyana mazano, mudziyo mukuru uye chinobva nokushanda chiutsi boilers havana kusiyana. Total mvura kudziyisa redunhu wayo unozotevera kutendeutsa kupinda chiutsi iri sezvinotevera:

1. Kuchenesa mvura pamusoro filters wayo Kusasvika kudziyisa tangi pedyo pombi. The tangi iri kazhinji munzvimbo yepamusoro chikamu midziyo.
2. Kubva tangi mvura anopinda kuburikidza sepombi kupinda siyana, yaiva azvaitwa pazasi.
3. Water akazomukazve, nguva ino chete kwete kuburikidza nenyere uye kubudikidza kudziyisa wongoramba.
4. Muna kudziyisa mapazi inoumbwa vaviri vaviri. Pasi chiito kwokudzvinyirira musiyano pakati mvura uye gaseous fuma, izvozvo ichamuka kumusoro.
5. Above nenharo hwemvura iri vakapfuura separator, umo pakupedzisira vakaparadzaniswa kubva mvura. Residues Urume vakadzokera dura, uye chiutsi vanofanira kuva mhute mutsetse.
6. Kana ichi hachisi munhuwo bhaira, uye hwemvura jenareta, zviri mberi neshungu nokuda pombi. On zvavo kudziyisa nzira inorondedzerwa pazasi.

mudziyo

Steam boilers vanomiririra tangi umo mvura iri neshungu kuumbika chiutsi. Kazhinji vari kunze muchimiro senyere pamusoro inosiyana. Uyezve nyere nemvura bhaira nguva dzose ane combustion kamuri (muvira). mamiriro ayo dzingasiyana zvichienderana mhando mafuta akashandiswa. Kana chiri huni, kana zvakaoma marasha, riri pazasi vira yakaiswa chendarira hwaakange mafuta wemagazini. Kubva pasi chendarira, mhepo anopinda combustion yomukati. A pamusoro mevira anoshongedza muchimbini, iyo inodiwa zvinobudirira traction - achiparadzira mhepo uye combustion mafuta.

Nheyo chiutsi boilers kuti hwakasimba rinochiwedzera siyanei Namano umo coolant kushandiswa sezvo mushonga kana gaseous zvinhu. Kana yechipiri, burner kunosanganisira combustion mukamuri vanoshandira kufanana burners veimba gasi Stoves. Nokuti mhepo akaparadzirwa kushandisawo chendarira uye flue, nekuti zvisinei mhando peturu, combustion mhepo kunokosha ezvinhu.

Combustible gasi akawana kubva mafuta combustion, rinobuda mvura tangi. Anopa mvura kupisa kwaro uye migumo kuburikidza muchimbini mumhepo. Kana mvura iri neshungu kuti kubika tembiricha, rwunotanga sasana. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti mvura runopwa pamberi, asi kwete mari yakadaro uye panguva tembiricha chiutsi kwakadaro. Ipwa chiutsi oga anopinda nenyere. Saka, riparadzirwe hwemvura uye kuchinja aggregation rinoti mvura kunoitika kwoga. Nheyo kushanda ane hwemvura bhaira dzinongoitika makopi kunoda usingashandi kupindira kwevanhu. All unofanira kuita opareta kuti nechokwadi yakatsiga mvura inopisa uye kudzora muitiro pachishandiswa anokosha mano.

Kana magetsi kudziyisa bhaira mvura iri nyore. Zvinonzi neshungu nokuda kudziyisa zvinhu kana Heaters mhando mabasa senhungamiro uye neshungu nokuda gst boces-Lenz.

kupatsanura

Steam boilers, nheyo yatiri kukurukura nhasi, inogona Classified nenzira dzakawanda.

By mafuta mhando:

1. Coal.
2. Gas.
3. mafuta Heavy.
4. Electrical.

By kugadzwa:

1. Household.
2. Energy.
3. Industrial.
4. Recycling.

By design:

1. -Tube.
2. Water chubhu.

Musiyano negasi uye mvura chubhu chiutsi boilers

Nheyo kushanda hwakavakirwa kudziyisa boilers nemvura tangi. Vanokwanisa umo mvura unopinda mhute wehurumende Kazhinji kumicheto kana vakawanda sepombi. Mano umo rinopisa mafuta mutopota, akasimuka, vakadanwa chubhu boilers.

Asi pane imwe nzira - apo combustion gasi kunoita kuburikidza mutopota, yaiva mukati mvura tangi. Muchiitiko chino, mvura midziyo akadana ngoma uye bhaira pacharo - mvura chubhu. Zvakafanana parlance nayo Anonziwo moto-chubhu bhaira. Zvichienderana nzvimbo ngoma mvura boilers iyi mhando rakakamurwa: chinjikira, tote uye TOUR. Uyewo, pane mhando kuti chinozoiswa zvakasiyana mirayiridzo sepombi.

Mamiriro Ebhuku uye kushanda nheyo moto-chubhu bhaira-chubhu siyanei. Chekutanga, nezvezvitadzo nenyere saizi uye mvura uye chiutsi. In mvura-chubhu bhaira sepombi zvishoma uchitikurudzira, pane mu-chubhu. Chechipiri, pane kusiyana simba nzvimbo. -Tube bhaira inopa kumanikidzwa asina kupfuura 1 MPa uye ane kupisa urwu kukwanisa kusvika 360 KW. Chikonzero ichi ndicho mutopota guru. Yakatangwa muna sepombi Zvaringana mhute kumanikidzwa, avo masvingo vanofanira gobvu. Somugumisiro - mari boilers zvakadaro rudo vanokosha. Simba mvura-chubhu bhaira. Nokuda dzakaonda rusvingo sepombi, chiutsi rinopisa nani. Uye Chechitatu, mvura chubhu boilers akachengeteka. Ivo kubereka kupisa uye havasi kutya chinokosha zadzisa.

Zvimwe zvinhu boilers

Nheyo nokushanda hwemvura bhaira iri nyore, zvisinei magadzirirwo ayo rine kumbonyanya vakawanda zvinhu. Uyezve combustion Makamuri senyere pamusoro riparadzirwe mvura / chiutsi boilers vari vakapakata namano kuvandudza kunyatsoshanda yavo (kuwedzera hwemvura tembiricha, ayo kumanikidza uye uwandu). mano izvi zvinosanganisira:

1. Superheater. Inoshanda kuwedzera hwemvura tembiricha pamusoro madhigirii 100. Overheating kuti chiutsi kunowedzera kunyatsoshanda ari mudziyo yayo kunyatsoshanda. Chaipisa chiutsi ungasvika kutonhora 500 Celsius. tembiricha yakakwirira zvakadaro zvichiitika chiutsi zvirimwa simba renyukireya zvechitima. Musimboti wacho superheat ndechokuti mushure kwemvura kuuya kuburikidza nenyere iri pasi chiutsi reheated. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, kuti midziyo akwaniswe pamwe okuwedzera vachiridzira kana kuroorwa muridzo unoridzirwa iyo pamberi goho maviri pamusoro akaronga kushandiswa, inopfuura kanoverengeka kuburikidza huru kwazvo. Reheaters vari nemwaranzi uye convection. Basa rokutanga 2-3 nguva yakawanda.
2. Separator. Kushandiswa "abudise" chiutsi - raiparadzanisa kubva mumvura. Izvi anowedzera kunyatsoshanda hwomuti.
3. Steam accumulator. mudziyo ichi chakagadzirirwa kuramba kuramba pachiyero hwemvura chirimwa. Kana murume nomudzimai hazvikwani, inowedzera kuti mamiriro ezvinhu uye nekusiyana, panyaya anosarudza ane overabundance.
4. Preparatory mudziyo mvura. Nokuti muchina kushanda kwenguva yakareba, mvura inowira mariri, vanofanira zvimwe zvinodiwa. mudziyo uyu akazoita okisijeni mumvura uye zvicherwa. matanho aya nyore kunogona ngura kuti pombi uye paumbwe chikero avo pamadziro. Ngura uye kukwira kwete chete kuderedza kubudirira mudziyo, asi nokukurumidza kumutungamirira yakapararawo, kunyanya nyaya basa kushandiswa.

zvichiongororwa midziyo

Mukuwedzera, bhaira iri vakapakata ebetsero namano kutonga zvakanaka uye. Somuenzaniso, mumwe muganhu chinja monitors mvura pamwero tiine chenguva mvura pamwero ari dhiramu. Nheyo nokushanda chinoratidza pazvikumbaridzo hwemvura bhaira kwakavakirwa uremu shanduko chaiye nhumbi munguva Kuchinja yavo mvura kutotanga kuti mhute ndiEzekieri. Kana yakatsauka kubva ndozvakajairwa zvichaita beep kuzivisa vashandi kuti zvavakanga vachida kuita.

Nzvimbo mvura pamwero kuzvidzora rinoshandiswawo standpipe bhaira. Nheyo nokushanda mudziyo kwakavakirwa zvemagetsi conductivity mvura. Mbiru iri kumicheto vakapakata electrodes mana, nokudzora mvura revarombo. Kana mvura mbiru rinosvika rezasi mucherechedzo, mumwe inosimbisa pombi kwakabatana, uye kana musoro - dzinofambiswa mvura bhaira rinomira.

Chimwe Mudziyo nyore kuyera ari bhaira mvura pamwero iri mvura-regirazi, revatema kupinda chimwe. The kushanda musimboti mvura geji girazi hwemvura bhaira zviri nyore - Mwari akaronga kuti kutarisana kudzora mvura chechetere.

Uyewo mvura pamwero munyika Via kufurirwa gauges uye thermometers uyere tembiricha uye kumanikidzwa azvaitwa. Zvose kuti zvinokosha kuti dzose kushanda bhaira uye kudzivirira mukana tsaona.

Steam emagetsi

Takatodzidza akakurukura nheyo hwemvura bhaira, zvino muchidimbu vakajairana peculiarities of chiutsi emagetsi - the boilers simba kupfuura akashongedzerwa Zvimwe namano. Sezvaunogona kuona, musiyano mukuru pakati chiutsi kubva bhaira ndechokuti nechivako kwayo inosanganisira mumwe kana kupfuura reheaters, izvo rinobvumira chemhando chiutsi tembiricha. In simba renyukireya miti, nokuda inopisa zvikuru vaviri, kutendeuka nesimba atomu disintegration kupinda magetsi simba.

Pane zvinhu zviviri zvikuru nzira: mvura kudziyisa, uye ayo shanduro ive gaseous mamiriro ari reactor:

1. Mvura anogeza muviri reactor. Kana reactor iri dzaserera uye mvura iri neshungu. Saka, chiutsi iri zvakapararira ari oga redunhu. Panyaya iyi, kuti chiutsi jenareta anoshumira kupisa exchanger.
2. Pombi akaedzwa nemvura mukati reactor. In musimboti ichi, kuti reactor chinhu combustion kamuri iro chiutsi iri vaipa zvakananga jenareta. zvakagadzirwa Izvi zvinonzi kufashaira mvura reactor. Pano zvose zvinoshanda pasina chiutsi.

mhedziso

Nhasi tinosangana yakadaro yaibatsira mudziyo ave hwemvura bhaira. Chimiro uye kushanda nheyo mudziyo uyu nyore zvikuru uye kunobva banal ehupfumi mvura mumuviri. Asi boilers hwezvekukurukurirana zvikuru upenyu hwevanhu. Kunoita chivako uye kubatsira vaunze magetsi.