Private dzakawanda mutemo hurukuro.

Mazuva Russian uye Western sayenzi achiri hakuwaniki mhinduro yakajeka uye unequivocal kuti mubvunzo, chii chinhu private dzakawanda mutemo hurukuro (MPP). Kuwedzera kushaya chaiwo tsanangudzo rokuti, kunewo chakajairika yokusvika marongerwo kupatsanura pakati kunzwisisa uye multi-chinoumba ichi pfungwa. Izvi pamwe nokuti kuti private mutemo remarudzi yave iripo kubvira XIX remakore uye kubva ipapo chakachinja kakawanda uye transformations, uye ane akapfuma munhoroondo kare.

Kugadzirwa rokuti zvakakodzera basa mutongi United States Supreme Court, Purofesa paHarvard Dzh.Stori, vaigara yokutanga yezana XIX remakore uye zvokuita pamusoro Private International Mutemo. Mumazuva iwayo, muna US izwi rinoshandiswa pamwe mumwe-refu huripo yokuti "kurwisana mitemo". Pakupera ari XIX remakore, izwi zvasvika kubva American jurisprudence uye nyika Old World. Zvisinei, mune European School pfungwa iyi zvichishandurwa zvishoma zvakasiyana: sezvo kutaridza kunetsana mitemo, vakarondedzera kuvapo ukama pakati vanhu akasiyana States, uye zvinoshanda kana yakasiyana ukama vanhu mhando zvinosanganisira vanonzi yokumwe maatomu akafanana. Izvozvo dudziro pfungwa private mutemo hurukuro dzakawanda akachengetedzwa European sayenzi nhasi.

Masayendisiti American R.Deyvis uye M.Garrison funga okuti "kurwisana mitemo" uye "private mutemo dzakawanda" chokuita uye zvikuru zvakafanana zvakasikwa. Zvose izvi pfungwa, avo maonero, zvinosanganisira kuva yokupira dzemunharaunda kuti vari akakodzera okugadzirisa nyaya dzakadai interethnic zvinoriumba nekuita, akadai dare munhu State, izvo zvinofanira kugadzirisa pamutemo nharo uye kodzero mamiriro, izvo zvinofanira kuva muchiitiko ichi anoshanda.

In nyika yedu, mharidzo, private mutemo dzakawanda Panewo iri XIX remakore. A mupiro zvikuru kukura munharaunda iyi jurisprudence akasuma matarenda Russian musayendisiti FF Martens. Pakupera ari XIX remakore, akabudisa basa rake kunoshamisa "Modern mutemo yakabudirira marudzi dzakawanda." Izvi zvakakwana itsva uye chinzvimbo chaizvo kuti nguva yaro, bhuku yaiva rose chikamu yakatsaurirwa kuna private mutemo dzakawanda. Martens akasarudza maviri zviratidzo zvinokosha MCHP: yayo vehurumende hunhu uye asingachinji dzakawanda maatomu akafanana.

Sezvo vanonzi sangano ukama angava Somuenzaniso, chero munhu, ane mashoko citizenship nomumwe nyika (yavamwe National, mupoteri, munhu ndeyedu munhu, hunyambiri zvizvarwa), yavamwe isangano, nekuve uye mirayiridzo nehurumende uye masangano ehurumende, uye kunyange yose dzimwe nyika.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, davi mutemo remarudzi nemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kana repamutemo riri kwose. Izvi zvinogona Somuenzaniso, Real Estate, perehodimoe nhaka, riri kunze. How kutaura nyaya iyi kubva maonero wepamutemo kunobva Chokwadi, iro vamiririri venyika mbiri dzinobatanidzwa panhau iyi. Asi pamutemo basa kana ichi reDare mitemo dzakawanda private mutemo, izvo zvinobatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko ari mukuru pamwero tichitarisa kugona pamutemo.

Quite kakawanda vari zvakare nyaya apo mumwe kana zvimwe repamutemo chokwadi kana zviri pamutemo ukama pamutemo kuti haisi kunharaunda neHurumende mubvunzo, uye mberi. Somuenzaniso, mumwe mugari Russia, apo dzimwe nyika, vanobatanidzwa mugwagwa chokufambisa rwendo uye pakupedzisira vakagamuchira chero kukuvara. Iyi nyaya inongova mufananidzo wakakwana nedunhu zvinosanganisira pamutemo uye rinoongorora sei vakashandisa hurukuro nesayenzi mune dzakawanda mutemo private.