Svyatogorsky wemamonk paGomo Athos

Nhoroondo echechi yeRussian Orthodox yakatanga kusvika pakubhabhatidzwa Kievan Rus Prince Vladimir muna 988. ChiKristu, pakutanga dzakamanikidzwa "kumanikidza" vanhu, kubudikidza pakutanga remakore rechi11 haisi chete chitendero sepasi the Grand Duchy chavagari Kiev uye pakunogumira, asi ndiko kutanga Russian yemamongi kunakidzwa.

Yemamongi paGomo Athos muMutsvene zvinyorwa anotaurwa muna 1016, apo iye akavaka mumongi of Kievan Rus Antoniy Pechersky.

History of kubhabhatidzwa Kievan Rus

Sezvinogona kuoneka kubva enhoroondo Nestor, kubhabhatidzwa Kiev akatanga muna 988 pamwe Vladimir, uyo akapa vamwari vavo. Kwete kufamba chivharo muruoko yechiGiriki uye vapristi Byzantine, kuti vazive Mwari itsva, akaita rwendo kune Chersonese muCrimea.

Akunda guta, Vladimir akaisa mberi kokupedzisira kuti Constantine uye Basil, madzimambo ose Byzantium, kuti aizoenda hondo kuConstantinople, kana vakasakupa iye kuroora hanzvadzi yake Anna. Hama akabvumirana ezvinhu kuti Muchinda Kiev achava Orthodoxy sezvo chakaitika apo Anna paakasvika Hersonissos nevapristi uye mamishinari.

Vanotaura vanoti Prince Vladimir Reururai bofu uye ndatya kuti yaiva nzvimbo vanamwari vechihedheni. Anna zvakamuratidza kuti rubhabhatidzo vachadzoka iye kwete bedzi pamuviri chiratidzo, asi zvemweya, izvo zvakaitika. Warriors kubva navaranda pamusoro Grand Duke, vachiona chishamiso, uye vakatenda uye vakabhabhatidzwa muna Hersonissos.

Kudzokera Kiev, Vladimir vakabhabhatidzwa vanakomana vake, uye nzvimbo zvakaitika, richiri kunzi Khreshchatyk. Pashure paizvozvo, mvura Dnieper akabhabhatidzwa rose vanhu Kiev - kubva varombo kusvika boyars. Kana kwete zviitiko izvi, zvaisazova akazviratidza Russian yemamongi paGomo Athos. In Mutsvene zvinyorwa taura kuti Antoniy Pechersky muKiev akabva Orthodox kubvuma mhiko yacho mamongi kubva Mutsvene Mountain.

The Holy Mountain

Athos aiva Mountain Tsvene yagara iri Tsvenetsvene cheTheotokos, anotungamirira muchikepe nevaapostora kuCyprus Razaro. Amai vaMwari akaparidzira wechihedheni vomunzvimbo uye zvishamiso zvizhinji zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti vasiri vatendi vakagamuchira Kristu uye akavamba wemamongi wokutanga paGomo Athos, uko iye akava aidzivirira.

Nhoroondo Mutsvene Mountain ane dzakawanda makata, asi zvisinei akanga mutambudzi - the wechiTatar-eMongolia, iye wokuLivonia Knights, kana vokuTurkey, pane zvagara Orthodox. Vakagara kuparadzwa uye akadzorerwa, asi chete kubva 1830 nokuda mamongi, munguva kubudirira uye runyararo.

Vateveri yakawanda pokutenda akaenda Mutsvene Mountain, kutakura shoko raMwari kune vamwe vanhu kana kuvaka dzimba dzemamongi uye kusimudzira monasticism munyika dzechiKristu.

Caves Saint Anthony akanga tonsured musi Athos muna 1013, akabva akaenda Kiev vagadze yemamongi ndokugarapo. Ose mamongi avo vakatora mhiko paGomo Athos, uye ipapo vakaenda kune dzimwe nyika, kuti vakawana yemamongi itsva, akaitumidza zita "Monastery Svyatogorsk", pakuyeuka mugomo, izvo vakapararira Orthodoxy.

The Russian yemamongi paGomo Athos rokutanga

The kutaurwa monasticism ros pamusoro Kievan Rus paGomo Athos rokutanga raiwanzobatana yeOrthodox vaGiriki uye Iberians (Georgians), ane nzvimbo dzokugara vakaita spodvizhnichestvom. Svyatogorsky Makoronike pakutanga remakore rechi11 dzinotaura kuti ros akanga zvokuti vakaumba pachavo vakagara zvavo "Mhandara Yakakomborerwa" (Ksilurgu), izvo asvika uye St. Anthony kokutanga.

Kana uchitenda zvinyorwa zvekare, ayo kuita akabatsira kwaita Kievan Rus Prince Vladimir wake Princess Anna. Naizvozvo, zvakanga vakatsigira Yaroslav Mudry, uyo akateerera zvikuru kuti pave Orthodoxy kwete chete muna Kyiv, asi kure.

Pakazosvika pakati pezana remakore rechi12 remakore atova yemamongi atiitirewo. mamongi zhinji kudaro, vaifanira nzvimbo itsva wemamongi. Pashure kukumbira bhodhi peGomo Athos Orthodox ros akaupihwa, uye vakapiwa chakasakara chechechi, izvo kare raiva vaTesaronika. The mamongi rakavakwazve uye ainzi Old Russika. Zvinowanikwa marefu mumakomo, wemamongi ichi namadziro ayo akasimba mumatombo vakatarira ndangofanana nhare kupfuura yemamongi cloister.

Kubvira muzana remakore rechi13, Kievan Rus Kutungamirira diocese akakumbira vapristi Mutsvene Mountain. Saka tsika monasticism kuparadzira kunoitwa mamongi rokutanga Russia yekare ari Mutsvene Mountain. Saka, Vladimir diocese inotungamirirwa Russian mumongi muGomo Athos Joasaph uye chernihiv - Euphrosynus, uyo akaunza chipo diocese kakasaririra dzvene - icon of Mhandara Hodegetria. With kuvake ichi inobatanidzwa kwaita yemamongi idzva muzana remakore rechi16 zviri muPskov province.

Kuparadzirwa Athos netsika Kievan Rus

Panguva yacho kare Orthodoxy musi Athos awana zvakanaka yakasimbiswa tsika uye netsika, izvo zviri zvozopiwa ne mamongi Mutsvene Mountain yose nyika yechiKristu.

Muenzaniso mukuru ndiye Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, yakavambwa St. Anthony muna 1051. Sezvo Mount Athos mamongi pakutanga yakaitwa kugara nomumapako, Anthony haana kufamba kubva tsika yekare uye vakagara mumwe wavo. Vachera pagomo mumongi Ilarion, chipangamazano Yaroslava Mudrogo, zvakanga yokugara yomunhu ruzivo kubva Mutsvene Mountain wokutanga.

Kuzvinyima uye umwari pamusoro mumongi idzva akazozivikanwa kunze Kiev, uye akatanga kubatana novices kubva kumativi ose Russia yekare. Kana nhamba yavo asvika vanhu 100, akumbirwa St Anthony aitonga panguva Izyaslav akapa mamongi chikomo pamusoro mumapako. Saizvozvo akazviratidza zvivako wemamongi wokutanga yematanda kurudyi kumahombekombe Dnieper.

Maererano netsika Athos mamongi akacherwa mapfupa vakafa muna 3 years uye akaisa mumapako. Navo zvinogona kuoneka nhasi muna Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra. A yakafanana tsika iripo mune dzimwe dzemamongi yakavambwa mamongi pagomo Athos.

Chechi wemamongi pamahombekombe ari Seversky Donets

Svyatogorsky wemamonk, yakavambwa muna 1240 pamusoro choko zvikomo of Seversky Donets, iripo nhasi. Havaoni vakanga vachitiza nechisimba Batu mamongi kubva Mount Athos. Vakauya tsika chete kuvigwa, iro rakagamuchirwa navo Mutsvene Mountain.

Yakasiyana nemamiriro wemamongi ndiye St. Nicholas Church, zvakavezwa zvakananga kunyika choko chikomo uye ibasa rayo chikamu. Munzvimbo yacho yaiva kereke nokufungidzira Musikana, iro rakaparadzwa kuondomoka. Muzana remakore rechi16 chechi itsva zvakavezwa zvakananga mukati mugomo, kuti rusvingo wake.

Kana basa rave zvakazara kwangopera, gomo rusvingo ndokuparadza nyika akamboona kumboitika runako chechi, akadana nevanhu "choko". Temberi chikuru wemamongi ndiwo Cathedral of kubvuma, iyo yakavakwa pashure pemakore akawanda pashure nezvomurau Catherine 2 nd it pakati 1787 wemamongi rakavharwa uye chaipiwa (se "dacha ne Kasango") Grigory Potemkin.

Inofanira nhaka mumhuri Potemkin kwehafu yezana remakore, Mutsvene Dormition Church wemamongi vaiziva dongo nokuparadzwa, uye akanga adzokera Chechi chete muna 1844.

History Svyatogorsk yemamongi muPskov

Mumwe muenzaniso matambudziko tsika mamongi kubva Mount Athos ari kuonekwa kutanga pakati icon Musikana Hodegetria, kamwe vakauya kuna Kievan Rus Zvak Evfrosimom. Kuburikidza chiitiko ichi akazviratidza Church of kubvuma wemamonk, akavaka pagomo pedyo muPskov.

Muna 1563 mumwe mufudzi Timoti aiva Chiitiko kuna Amai vaMwari, akamuudza kuti aende kugomo kundonyengetera Akako. Mushure kukwira gomo, murimi mumunamato zvakare akaona Chiitiko Mhandara Yakakomborerwa Mary, uyo akamupa mirayiridzo kudzoka muna 6 years. Papera nguva, mumwe mufudzi akawana mufananidzo wake icon "Unyoro".

Muna 1569 Timoti yakanyorerwa vapristi vane chikumbiro kupfuura nzira mugomo dzvene uye Akako akataura pamusoro Chiitiko Musikana. Havana kumutenda, asi mumwe wevapristi kupenga, kuti akafuridzirwa vamwe kutora icon "Unyoro" uye kupinda mudungwe kugomo.

Munguva munamato, vanhu vaiuya vakaona pamuti Icon Musikana Hodegetria, izvo zvishamiso zvokuporesa pamusoro marchers. About chiitiko ichi vakadzidza Ivan anotyisa, iye akarayira pamusoro nzvimbo chishamiso kuti vomutsa chapero, iyo yakava mavambo pakuvaka mukono yemamongi.

Description Svyatogorsk wemamongi

Atari kereke, iyo yakatanga wemamongi Svyatogorsk, akavigwa pamusoro nzvimbo nemipaini, kwaiva Chiitiko pakati icon of Mhandara Hodegetria. Ndicho wedangwe chikamu wemamongi - the Cathedral of kubvuma, yakavakwa Mweya muPskov mavakirwo remakore rechi16.

Temberi ine cubic chimiro maviri mukana berere. The bhero shongwe, yakavakwa pasi Ivan anotyisa, rakaparadzwa, uye mutsva yakavakwa chete muzana remakore rechi19.

Internal Maberere richitsigirwa nembiru simba kwedenga, uye duku yakamanikana mahwindo kuvhenekera masvingo chena, aunopiwa noumambo yose temberi. Kwaari vari vaviri pamawere masitepisi ane girenayiti, uye dziri kumativi michinjikwa panzvimbo zvemamongi makuva aicherwa chaipo mugomo.

Chechi wemamongi (Photo anoratidza ayo UKURU uye runako) raiva pokutangira mukuru muPskov nomudungwe. Panguva Second World War, wemamongi payakarovera zvikuru, asi rukaporeswa muna 1949 nemhaka pedyo kubatana nzvimbo iyi zita A. S. Pushkina.

Pushkin uye wemamongi

Chechi wemamongi (Pushkin masiraidhi) ndiyo 4 chete? Km kubva yavatezvara Michael akanyunyuta pamwe nedzimwe nyika Abhuramu Hannibal, godson Petro 1, mambokadzi Elizabeth. Nhaka wakapfuura mai mudetembi vake.

Ari dzaiwanzoshanyira uye aishanda maawa akawanda. In wemamongi, Pushkin akanga achitsvaka kwete chete inonzi nhoroondo chokwadi chokuita ushe Boris Godunov kuti nhetembo yake, asi kufemerwa, kushanyira nhumbi, anowanzoshandurwa yakarongwa masvingo.

Wemamongi ane mhuri kumakuva, apo vakavigwa zvose hama Nyanduri, sezvo sekuru vake Osip Hannibal uye anopera pachake.

Fair Monastery

It yagara waidiwa vanhu fairground mitambo. Chechi wemamongi pakutanga akapa 5 pagore kwavari parusvingo, asi gare gare nhamba yavo wakaderedzwa kusvika matatu.

Pano vakaungana vatengesi uye zvokutengeserana vanhu kwete chete kubva muPskov mudunhu, asiwo kubva mamwe maguta Russia. The zvakanaka yakaitirwa Gostiny Dvor, apo matende wakaiswa uye zvitoro, uye kuti kodzero kutengeserana akanga kubhadhara muripo weUS kuna Treasury chinodikanwa. Somuenzaniso, muna 1811 chezvipo kukasawedzerwa ne 758 rubles. Uye 1839-mü mari yakawedzera kusvika 2.796 rubles. Saka, zviri fairground mitambo, Church of wemamongi uye pedyo kugarwa How kuwedzera fuma yavo, uye akanga ane mwoyo kutengeserana mudunhu rose.

yemamongi rutumba

Monastery Svyatogorsk achiri unochengeta Orthodox tutemberi - icon "Unyoro" uye mhandara Hodegetria, vakauya kamwe mumongi muGomo Athos muna Kievan Rus. In wemamongi vaichengeta nomudungwe mutambo pakuonekwa icon vanhu. Nhasi izuva dzvene, airemekedzwa nevanhu vose Orthodox Russia.

yemamongi nhasi

Church of Monastery (muPskov) akanga adzokera neChechi yeOrthodox muna 1992 Nhasi ndiwo musha magetsi, izvo akararamazve tsika yeOrthodox yeRussia monasticism, kamwe zvakachengeterwa mamongi kubva Mutsvene Mountain.