T-15 - torpedo atomic: maitiro

Pakupera kwema1940, hurongwa hwe nyukireya muU.SR hwakanga huri kukura pahuwandu hunoshamisa. Zvigadzirwa zvebasa iri hazvina kumbobviswa. Muzviitiko zvakawanda izvi zvaive zvichienderana nezviitiko muJapan, kumaguta ayo maAmerica akakanda mabhomu maviri eatomu kamwe chete . Zvaive zvakakodzera kuti zvikurumidze, kwete kuva munzvimbo yeJapan.

Muna 1949, bhomba yekutanga yakaedzwa ... uye pakarepo yakazoitika kuti kubhadhara kune muvengi angangodaro kune zvishoma zvishoma-zvinotama Tu-4s. Asi kunyange zvakadaro zvakajeka kuti izvi, kuzviisa zvinyoro, hazvisi izvo. Chokutanga, ndege idzi dzakwegura zvikuru uye dzisingagoni kuzvidzivirira pachavo kune avo vakagadzirisa vaiva muhurumende yeUnited States. Chechipiri, ini ndakanga ndisingadi kuparadzirwa nevatyairi vemotokari: mushure mekunge vapedzisa basa, vaine nzira imwe yekubuda-kuedza kuzvikanda ivo neparachutes pamusoro penyika yeMexico.

Mamiriro aya akanga asingagamuchiri kune ani zvake mutungamiri wenyika. Kuongorora kwakawanda kwakatangwa mumunda wekusika kwekutakura motokari, chimwe chezvinhu zvinonakidza kuva T-15. Iyi torpedo, yakaitika kwaari "basa", inogona kutakura zvose kumabvazuva kweUnited States.

Nei torpedo?

Izvi zvaive zvichienderana nekuti ingarava ndiyo yaiva yakanyanya muSoviet Navy. Kare munguva yeGreat Patriotic War yakave ichiratidzwa zvakare kuti inokwanisa kuita nzira yavo kuenda kumhenderekedzo yemuvengi, uye kana zvichiitika hondo inenge iripo inenge yakakosha zvikuru. Kunyangwe dai vaAmerica vanga vaedza kuronga hurongwa hwavo hwe "Dropshot", torpedo yeT-15 ingadai yakava chimbo chinoshanda chekudzorera.

Asi kuita chisarudzo chinhu chimwe chete, asi kuona kuti zvakaoma zvikuru: iyo yakareba mapaundi e torpedo tubes paSoviet submarines ndeye 500 mm, uye hupamhi hwe "chimiro" bhomba reatomu rinenge rimwe chete nehafu hafu. Sei ungave? Vafambisi vezvikepe vaida chaizvo kutaridzika kwechikwata chakakwana, asi masayendisiti masayendisiti akasimudzira pane zvakasiyana.

Key Developers

Ndiani aiva musoro weT-15 project? Iyo torpedo yakakurudzirwa na VI Alferov.Akatora chikamu chekushingaira mukusikwa kwebhomba rekutanga reatomu, saka akava nechiitiko. Yakava pakarepo mushure mekuedzwa kwaaka "fambisa" maonero ake edambudziko, uye akasimbisa pakudzika torpedo huru pasi pe "hydrogen".

Inofanira kuonekwa apa kuti ngarava yacho haina kuziviswa nezvechisarudzo ichi zvachose. Ichokwadi ndechokuti Alferov haana kushandisa vafambisi vechikepe kukudzwa, sezvo ndiye iye akatanga kutambudzwa kweAdmiral Kuznetsov. Saka pakanga pane mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, apo hondo dzehondo dzakasimbiswa chete ne "land forces".

Zvinotendwa kuti iyo nyanzvi munyori wepurojekiti ndiye aizivikanwa zvikuru mudzidzi Sakharov. I-super-torpedo T-15 (100 megatoni!) Yaizoshandiswa kuuraya kugungwa kumabvazuva kweUnited States. Zvaifungidzirwa kuti apo "torpedo-mambo" yakaputika, mhirizhonga yakadai yaizobuda iyo yose yekugadziriswa kwemuvengi ichashambidzwa, kwete chete gungwa, asi kunyange iyo yakanga iri munzvimbo yakadzama yenyika. Kusvikira nhasi, S-15 torpedo inoonekwa sechimbo chakasimba kwazvo chekirasi iyi, kunyange kana isina kubvumirwa kushanda.

Unoronga hurongwa

Ngarava idzi dzakaudzwa nezvombo zvitsva chete muna 1953, uye vafambisi vezvikepe pachavo vakanga vasingafariri nayo. Ichokwadi ndechokuti pamakungwa engarava, ayo aifanira kutakura torpedoes dzakadaro, imba yose yekutanga yakashandurwa kuva giant apparatus yokutanga iyi projectile. Nokudaro, T-15 torpedo ndiyo chete mamiriro ezvinhu epasi pose apo kirasi yakasiyana yemashamba emvura yakagadzirwa nokuda kwekutakura kweimwe sarudzo. Ichokwadi, uye humwe hunhu hwekupedzisira hwaiva hwakadaro zvokuti vakazadza zvizere mari.

Zvose zvakakwana zvechigadzirwa zvinopfuura mamita makumi maviri. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvaifungidzirwa kuvapo kwemashure ma 533 mm torpedo tubes zvakagadzirirwa kuzvidzivirira. Nzvimbo panguva imwe chete yakasara shoma zvokuti panguva yevashandi ikoko kwaizova neviri torpedoes (kwakanga kusina chikwama).

Kuzvidzivirira kwounhu hweT-15

Saka, T-15 yakasiyana sei? Iyo torpedo inogona kufadza munhu wese nehupamhi hwayo hukuru. Yakanga yakareba mamita makumi maviri, uye uremu hwaiwana mamita makumi mana. Uye uwandu hwehondo yakatarisana yakanga yakabatana nemataundi mana. Zvose zvakanyanya ibhetri rechargeable, iyo midziyo yaive yakakwana kuti iwedzere kukurumidza kwema 29 mafundo. Zvaifungidzirwa kuti rutivi rwacho rwaigona kuva makiromita makumi matatu. Chii chaiva "kuzadzwa" kweT-15? Iyo torpedo, inowanzoita, inogona kutakura chete hutongi hwemagetsi ehurumende yenyu.

Iyo yekupedzisira yakagadzirwa nechechina rakagadzirirwa mahofisi pasi pehutungamiri hwaKhariton Yu B. Kubviswa kwechigoni kunogona kuitwa zvose pamwe nekubatanidza futi uye nenzira ye telemetry. Nzira yekutanga yakakurudzirwa kune iyo mhaka kana pane imwe nhondo yenyukireya yave ichifamba iyo chikepe ichizoonekwa nemasimba evengi. Muchiitiko ichi, pakanga pane dambudziko iro S-15 torpedo rakanga rasiya kare torpedo tube, asi iyo gungwa remvura ingadai yakaparadzwa nenguva iyoyo. Kutarisira kupfura, yakanyatsogadzirirwa Tantal yakaoma yakashandiswa.

Apo dzidziso yacho yakasiyana nekuita

Iko huru yekugadzirwa kwehutano hwet torpedo carrier yakabvumirwa kumagumo 1953. Yakave munaJuly 1954, kutanga kwemauto engarava yakanga yakagadzirira, pachikwata chaizova nuclear nuclear T-15. Pakupera kwegore, akaongororwa nemitambo yekutanga uye akarayira kuendesa mberi kwekunyora magwaro ekukurukurirana. Izvozvo chete ipapo Admiral Kotov, uyo panguva iyoyo aiva mutungamiriri weSoviet Navy, akabvumirwa kuita basa racho. Yaiva panguva iyo vamwe vatungamiri kubva kumakwikiti aya vakazarura dzidzo.

Expert conclusions

Vakagadzira imwe nyanzvi yekambani, iyo yaifanirwa kutarisana nehuwandu hwekuita basa rakadaro. Izvozvo zvakabva zvava pachena kuti hutungamiri hweNavy hwakanga husingafariri kwete chete Nuclear nuclear torpedo T-15 pachayo, asiwo maitiro emakungwa engarava paaifanira kuisa zvombo zvakadaro. Nyanzvi dzakanyatsorondedzerwa kuti mari inoshandiswa nemisasa yakawanda inoshamisa, inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa nguva dzose mukugadzirira kurwisana, uye zvichange zvakaoma zvikuru kuita izvi nezviyero zvakadaro zve torpedo.

Uyezve, vashandi vegungwa remvura vakashandura kuva bhomba rekuzviuraya: pamwe nekuputika kwemhosva yeMegatoni zana, ivo, pamwe neyenyasi yemvura, vangangobvamburwa-bvamburwa, sezvo vaizove nemakiromita anenge zana kubva kune epicenter.

Somugumisiro, zvakazopedzisira zvasarudzwa kuti Soviet T-15 torpedo inzvimbo inoshandisika, uye zvinonyanya kukosha kugadzira zvombo zvakadaro zvinogona kushandiswa kuburikidza nemagetsi 533-mm torpedo tubes. Muna March 1955, tsvakurudzo dzose dzakakandwa munzvimbo iyi. The atomic torpedo T-15 pachayo yakaramba iri papepa chete.

Chii chakauya kuzotsiva T-15?

Yakatsiviwa ne torpedo T-5. Uyewo atomiki, asi atove ane zviyero zvakaenzana. Zvisinei, vashanduri vaifanira kukunda matambudziko mazhinji. Semuenzaniso, kwenguva yakareba zvakanga zvisingakwanisi "kudzidzisa" torpedo kuti irege kubva pane zvakadzama zvakadzama. Uyezve, panguva yechiratidzo chegungwa, mumakumbo mana kubva pa15 zvinogona kutanga kupisa kwemhepo "pasina".

Mukuwedzera, pamusana pekushanda kwemasimba ehondo, kusinganzwisisiki kwakanyanya nokuda kwehuwandu hwemagetsi, kutonhora kwe 5-20 degrees Celsius kwaidiwa. Tichifunga nezvekuti mabwendefa edu aigara achishanyira Arctic Circle, zvinodiwa zvakatarisa zvakanyanya kuoma.

Pasinei neizvi, pakutanga kweApril 1955, itsva torpedo yakaedzwa paNovaaya Zemlya. Yakadziviswa mugungwa, pakadzika anenge mamita gumi nemaviri. Takashandisa muchengeti wekutengesa simba rayo risina kudarika makero matatu. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti hondo, iyo yakanga yakagadzirirwa ne "cobalt" torpedo T-15, yakanga isati yamboedzwa mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo. Uye izvi zvinonzwisisika: kukwanisa kwe "chibereko B", "chimai mamaZukkina," hachina kudarika megatoni 60. Kuwana mutero kaviri sevanjiniya vane simba uye veuto havana kungwarira.

Zvichiitika, munguva isiri kure zvikuru, nyika yedu yakanga ichivandudza ICBM itsva pamusoro peProteton rocket, iyo simba rayo raifanira kupfuura ... 150 megatoni. Asi kunyange iyi purogiramu haina kuenda mberi kwezvifananidzo nekuda kwesimba rayo guru. Kusvika parizvino, hakuna munhu anogona kugutsikana kana kuramba nzira yekudzidzira kusina kudzora mutambo we thermonuclear kana achiedza chimbo chechi simba ichi.

State testing

Mamiriro ehurumende emutsivi weT-15 akatangwa muna 1957. Maererano nehurongwa hwavo, zvikamu zvitatu zvakarongwa: rimwe chete rakatarisana ne "dummy", rechipiri rine torpedo yehondo yakazara, asi pasina kuzadzwa kweatomu, chechitatu - kuputika kwechokwadi kweT-5 nehondo yehondo yenyukireya.

Zvikamu zvose zvakabudirira, asi zvakaratidzwa matambudziko mazhinji, kusanganisira kumwe kuputsika kwe projectile kubva muchikoro, uyewo mamwe matambudziko mukutonga maitiro. Pasinei neizvi, zvose zvisina kunaka zvakanga zvisina kukosha, purogiramu yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvenyukireya torpedoes pakupedzisira yakaguma nekubudirira.

Mugumo wenhau

Vakagamuchirwa kuita basa muna 1958. Vakapiwa nhepfenyuro shoma muguta reAlma-Ata. Asi kare muna 1960 chigadzirwa chakanga chakadzimwa zvachose. Paiva nezvikonzero zvizhinji. Pakutanga, "kuputika" kukura (makore mashanu chete) hakugoni kuchinja kuitisa kwekufambisa, iyo yakanga yakaderera zvikuru kupfuura yeavo torpedoes yakanga yava kushanda. Chechipiri, zvakanga zviri muna 1960 iyo inokosha yemashure makumi mashanu nemakumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemakumi matatu emasikati yakatanga kusvika mumauto, umo musoro wehondo yenyukireya ingashandiswa. Izvi ndezvikonzero zvekugadzirwa kwezvombo zvakakosha zvemufananidzo uyu zvakakoromoka.

Panguva imwecheteyo, T-15 torpedo, maitiro atakatsanangura, uyewo T-5, akapa Soviet sayenzi hupfumi hwemashoko anokosha, ayo akashandiswa kakawanda kuti aumbe zvombo zvakakosha.