Temple mu antah: tsananguro pamwe mapikicha

In muGirisi yekare, temberi yaiva chivako anoisvokosha mutemo. Akashanda somuzinda enyika asiwo evanhu upenyu kwete chete, uye yaishandiswawo yokuchengetera hurumende muchivigiro. Mumwe dzokutanga mhando tsvene yakanga distillate (temberi antah). Photos, tsananguro uye nhoroondo kwakatangira kuvakwa uchawana gare gare munyaya ino.

Zvinoumba chitendero Ancient Greek

Kukura tsika dzechiGiriki zvine chokuita kuti paumbwe policies kuti kuonekwa pakutanga ari zvekare nguva (750 BC. E.). Panguva ino, pashure refu Dark Ages "Muka" unyanzvi, chitendero uye mapurani, yakasvika apogee aro V - IV remakore BC. e.

Chitendero chimwe nenzvimbo inokosha muupenyu chavagari uye ane zvakananga simba panyika. Zvakawanda ngano udza vanamwari simba asi kukwana, uye magamba, pamusoro nymphs uye zvikara.

In nemaonero vavaGiriki, simba vanamwari parunogumira. Asi vanokwanisa kutarisira zvimwe zvakasikwa uye vanhu kuvazvidza. Pakutanga, vakanga kunonamata aritari, iro gare gare akatamisira kupinda mutemberi. Vanozoshanda pakati vanhu uye vanamwari vari vapristi.

With kwokupedzisira inotungamirwa mitemo Ancient Greece rinokoka tsika kunamata vanamwari-vanoitisana imwe guta. Nokukudzwa kwavo, vakavaka kupfuura uye chikuru mutemberi. Zvizhinji pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna kushongedzwa muzvivako. Izvi zvinotungamirira chimiro kurongeka gadziriro, icho chinopfuudzwa kunyange mapurani Roman.

Types temberi Greek

Netemberi muGirisi yekare zvakasiyana zvose nechitarisiko uye kukura. Chokwadi, zvinhu zvose zvaitsamira kukura uye kukosha kunamatwa imwe bozhetsva. Dzimwe nguva vakanga vakazvitsaurira kuna magamba uye akadana iyi geroonami.

Temberi vaiva chivakwa inokosha, zvose izvo vakatakura nayo kwete chete aesthetic basa, asiwo zvinoreva. Zvese zvivako vakanga parameters zvakajeka-yakajeka uye kukura. Mubatanidzwa mitemo zvinosiyana sezvakarayirwa hurongwa (Doric, Ionic kana Korinde).

Kune mhando dzakawanda temberi. Musiyano mukuru iri nhamba uye nzvimbo yacho musimboti mbiru. Mukuru mhando ndiyo distillate kana temberi antah. Akanga vaviri chete mbiru nechemberi France. Zvivako anotevera omesa magadzirirwo ayo:

• prostyle - mbiru ina panguva huru suo;
• prostyle miviri (amphiprostyle) - pabiravira nembiru ina pamberi uye neshure France;
• peripter - akapoteredzwa chose nebumbiro muvharanda;
• dipter - yakaiswa panhivi kubudikidza misara miviri pembiru;
• psevdodipter - mumwe musara mbiru mumativi;
• monopteros - kuvaka imwe dzeraundi makavharidzira chimiro, takapoteredzwa mutsara pembiru.

All zvivako, kunze monopteros vakanga rectangular. Ivo raiva chikuru kamuri - BATNA, kana Zell. Pamberi kanopi Kazhinji kana berere. Deep petemberi dzichengeterwe paaritari chifananidzo mwari uyo temberi yakatsaurirwa. On rwemberi France kwaiwanzoonekwa opisthodomos - nzvimbo yokuchengetera mipiro uye nemidziyo temberi.

Temple mu antah: tsananguro

temberi yokutanga ndiyo tsvene muchimiro mwari chifananidzo, iyo akaiswa pakati mitema neyemiorivhi. Gare gare kuoneka zvikuru kuvakwa-zvakadai dzose. Sezvo mashoko acho huni, ibwe uye ipapo ivhu.

Temple mu antah - muenzaniso mapurani hurongwa chepakuvamba zvekare nguva. VaGiriki vekare ndivo temberi, sezvo musha naMwari, uye nokudaro nekuivaka maererano mhando musha. Chidobi uye unyanzvi vavaki vaiva zvikuru kupfuura pre-Mycenaean tsika. Temple mu antah chakavakwa kubva musoro (madhaka chidhinha) uye ivhu.

Pakuurayiwa chivakwa sechigaro megaron - kupfuura yekare chimiro Greek pfuma, iyo yaivako kare muna chiuru chemakore chechitatu BC. Pashure nearitari mutemberi antah yaiva nyore mhando zvivako zvechitendero. Chaiva chinhu cella, uye mazano pabiravira zvikamu zviviri.

Anta svosve kana - vanomiririra divi chinosimbisa, zvinova kuenderera longitudinal masvingo zvezvivako. Vari nenzwi mbiru uye rutsigiro, yakavakirwa eaves dzavo.

Chefuma Athens pa Delphi

Distillate ndiyo imwe mhando mukuru mutemberi Greek. Vazhinji vavo vava akachengetedzwa chete nheyo. Temberi inozivikanwa zvikuru antah (ona pazasi mufananidzo) iri Delphi. It ipfuma veAtene, anowanikwa XX remakore.

Maererano zvakawanwa nevatsvakurudzi yetemberi yakavakwa muganhu V uye VI emakore BC pakati Athens hegemony. The "mashoko" huru kuti anotakura chivakwa, ndiye kusimudzirwa pamusoro democratic emuviri uye wayo kukunda pamusoro pesimba dzinodzvinyirira. Maererano neimwe shanduro, kwakavakirwa kurondedzerwa Pausanias, homwe yakavakwa sechiratidzo kukunda vaPezhiya mushure inokosha Hondo Marathon.

Temple muna antah, akaberekwa ari Delphi, akachengetedzwa chete muchidimbu, asi zvakakwana kuziva ayo chitarisiko. Pezvokuvamba frieze, zvimwe anochengeterwa Delphi Archaeological Museum. Uye panzvimbo Detective fuma akanunura kopi gypsum.

temberi Ancient muRussia

Tichishandisa yapfuura, zvisaririra ane temberi yekare antah dzakafukunurwa pamusoro munharaunda Russia. Sanctuary rakawanikwa pedyo ano nomusha Senna. Archaeological Kucherwa kuitwa munzvimbo iyi kubva 1936, asi temberi pachayo chete kuwanikwa 2013.

Mumazuva muGirisi yekare, pane yagara rimwe nyuchi - Phanagoria. At nzvimbo guta ivo vakawana zvasara tsvene Aphrodite yemabhura ngazvive machena yakanyungudutswa, uyewo pazvikomo yacho necropolis yekare.

Ichangobva kuwanikwa temberi yaiva mukati Town Upper - Acropolis. Yakanga yava duku uye ndokwenguva nzvimbo 12 mativi mamita. Kuvaka chaiwo temberi antah nembiru mbiri, SPLA (nechepakati mukamuri) uye pronaos (mupanda pedo nomukova). Ndicho mukuru wekare kutemberi munharaunda Russia. It yakavakwa kumativi V remakore BC, uye pano ndizvo zviri rwakazvitsaurira mwari, rakavanzika.

zvichireva matemberi

temberi Ancient Greek anowanzoshandurwa akaiswa pachikomo rokumusoro chikamu mitemo. Vakanga vari siyana Acropolis, munhu anokosha iyo yaiva temberi huru mwari kana mwarikadzi. MuAtene, Somuenzaniso, ichi chivako chaiva Parthenon.

Buildings vane marongerwo yakajeka uye nguva dzose nezvatinovavarira kumabvazuva. mhemberero dzechitendero uye kupemberera dzakaitwa pamberi petemberi. Inside nayo vaibvumirwa kupinda chete mupristi. Vagari veguta anogona kupindira kuti mundima pronaos.

Temple muGirisi yekare yakanga isingori chivakwa. Yakanga musimboti evanhu upenyu uye nzvimbo musangano. In zvinoitirwawo kurwiswa pamusoro mutemo, akashanda se utiziro vagari. Uyezve, aiva rudzi bhangi - mutemberi huru opistodome yakaramba muchivigiro guta.