The chikuru conductive munzira musana

Kudzora muviri wose kana mumwe nomumwe nhengo, motokari, zvaida conductive nzira musana. Dzinonyanya basa ndiko kuti muriwo delivery, akatuma munhu "kombiyuta" kuti muviri, Chokwadi. Chero kukundikana muitiro kutumira kana kutora imwe kupomba kana dzepanguva tsitsi hunhu hwakazara zvakakomba pathologies uye utano hwose.

Ndezvipi pathway muuropi uye musana?

Tichipinda uropi uye musana kushumira sezvo zvakaoma Neural hurongwa. Nokufamba basa ravo vakaziva vimbiso pulsed ukapisa murwi ari zvatichakurukura vachena nyaya. Kutaura zvazviri, pulses vari anonongedzera kufurira muviri kuti aite chikumbiro uropi. Mapoka anoverengeka tsinga fibers maererano-siyana kuti vari conductive tambo nzira. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• fungidziro tsinga;
• associative nzira;
• commissural kubatanidzwa spines.

Mukuwedzera, operability kuti musana conductors necessitates voga inotevera kupatsanura maererano zvavakanga vave:

• motokari;
• kubata.

Nzwisisa maonero uye gwenya basa kwevanhu

Kana kutsinga dzinouya makwara vasanonoka musana uye pfungwa dziri chinokosha che kudyidzana pakati maviri hurongwa kwazvo pamuviri. Vakatumira imwe vimbiso zvechivhurumukira kune ose nhengo, tsandanyama fibers, maoko nemakumbo. mashoko pakarepo of kupomba chiratidzo - chinokosha Implementation yacho yakabvuma co-ordinated muviri kufamba, akaita pasina kushandisa chero nesimba. Pulses akatuma pfungwa tsinga fibers anogona kuziva kuburikidza pfungwa kubata, pfungwa marwadzo, muviri tembiricha muoti, vadyi uye tsandanyama motility.

Motor makwara of musana pfungwa kuona unhu hwevanhu dzepanguva kuita. Kuchengeta chivimbiso kupomba anonongedzera kubva musoro muhomba harinzwi uye dzepanguva tsandanyama ezvinhu, vanopa munhu kukwanisa kuzvidzora injini unyanzvi - Kufambisa. Uyewo pane nzira izvi nebasa kufurira nokupfuuridzirwa nomunhu yakananga rinoonekwa uye auditory zvomukati.

vari kupi pathway?

Pashure pokukurukura anatomical zviratidzo ari musana, unofanira kubata chokwadi apo conductive chaizvo nzira musana dziri, sezvo iri izwi zvinofanirwa zhinji fibers tsinga uye micheka. Ivo inoiswa chaiyo zvinokosha zvinhu: pfumbu uye chena. Interconnected cortex uye musana nyanga kuruboshwe uye hemispheres kurudyi, asi Neural makwara kuburikidza Links zvinopa kuonana pakati maviri mashoko mapoka.

Mashandiro ari conductors zvinokosha dzevanhu nhengo iri Implementation iri akaronga zvinangwa kuburikidza madhipatimendi yakananga. Kunyanya, conductive makwara musana dziri mukati rokumusoro vertebra uye musoro, chinorondedzerwa kuchakurukurwa zvakadzama zvinogoneka seizvi:

1. Associative kubatana - rudzi "mabhiriji" kuti kubatanidza nharaunda pakati hemispheres cortex uye musana nuclei fuma. In faibha kwavo mamiriro anowanikwa mune hukuru siyana. Pfupi Hamuchafambi mhiri hemisphere kana uropi lobes. Kwenguva Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu wokushandura pulses achipfuura imwe kure kune pfumbu nyaya.
2. Commissural nzira muri muviri pamwe callused marongerwo uye anoita basa richangobva kuumbwa yeimwe mapoka mumusoro uye musana. Fibers kubva huru mugove kutumbuka akaita nemwaranzi, vari muNzvimbo chena musana fuma.
3. Fungidziro tsinga fibers vanoiswa zvakananga musana. mashandiro avo inoita zvinodiwa nokukurumidza simuka ari hemisphere uye kumisa kutaurirana zvomukati. Weboka kupinda nokuburukira makwara pamusoro musana totaura kwakadai faibha.

The maitiro nechokumusoro kwerwizi uye nomurwizi conductors

Vachikwira makwara of musana vanoumba munhu kudiwa chiratidzo, kunzwa, injini mashandiro uye kuonana kwavo zvinokosha mugadziriro muviri. Receptors date kubatana zviri nzvimbo pakati hypothalamus uye chidimbu pamusoro musana mbiru wokutanga. The vachikwira nzira musana vanokwanisa kutora uye kutumira mberi wedzera kupomba achibva panyika yokumusoro akaturikidzana pamusoro Epiderme e mucous membranes, upenyu-rutsigiro masangano.

Uyewo, achiburuka musana makwara zvinosanganisira zvinotevera zvinhu munyika ezvinhu ayo:

• Pyramidal dzouropi (zvinobva mu cerebral cortex, ipapo nenhokwe pasi, pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda muuropi hunde, uye danda rimwe riri pamusoro musana nyanga dzayo).
• Dzouropi nechepakati (injini iri unobva mberi nyanga hemispheres nemakwati pamwe dzepanguva rootlets; pamwe axons chuma uye inosanganisira zvinhu zviri peripheral tsinga).
• Spinocerebellar fibers (conductors ose ezasi wamativi uye musana mbiru, kusanganisira dzakatetepa achikanganisa uye shwashwa).

Aingovawo munhu, kwete specialized mune neNeurosurgery, zvakaoma zvakakwana kunzwisisa hurongwa, inova kunzwisisa conductive nzira musana. Anatomy of dhipatimendi zvechokwadi dzinovhiringidza marongerwo zvinosanganisira Neural zvechivhurumukira hutachiwana. Asi nemhaka muviri wake wenyama iripo sezvo rimwe chimwe. Nokuda mbiri mirayiridzo iyo musana vari conductive nzira inopiwa pakarepo kupararira nomunhu izvo kutakura mashoko kubva inodzorwa nenyere.

Anotungamirira zvakadzama kutsinga dzinouya

Maumbirwo mwanda tsinga kuita kumusoro kutungamirira, ndizvo multi-chimedu. nzira conductive aya aumba kubva musana dzakawanda zvinhu:

• Burdach danda uye danda Gaulle (nzira dziri zvakadzama utetsa dzinongoda necheseri divi musana mbiru);
• spinothalamic danda (iri parutivi musana mbiru);
• Gowers danda uye danda Flechsig (cerebellar nzira iri kudivi mbiru).

Inside intervertebral nodes riri mumasero Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu zvakadzika mwero nehanya. Pezvakaitwa vemunyika panguva peripheral nzvimbo dziri kuvakwa munzvimbo dzakawanda yakakodzera tsandanyama rinenge nemarunda, osteochondral fibers vavo receptors. Uyewo pivot sero urongwa, pakugadzirisa shure, kuchengeta mirayiridzo musana. Kuburikidza rakadzika nehanya, posterior tsinga midzi havaendi vanyura pfumbu nyaya, pova posterior musana pembiru.

Apo fibers izvi kupinda musana, vakabviswa kupinda pfupi uye refu. Uyezve makwara musana uye pfungwa inotumirwa hemispheres, apo vari yakakura redistribution. Vazhinji vavo vari munyika dzine nechemberi uye rwemberi nechepakati convolutions uye korona achiri.

Zvinoreva kuti mashoko nzira rinoitwa nehanya, kuburikidza iyo munhu anogona kunzwa sei ake tsandanyama-articular midziyo, kunzwa chero kufamba kana vibration tactile kubatwa. Beam Gaulle, iri chaipo pakati musana, anoparadzira aikanganiswa repasi chikamu mutumbi. Danda Burdach yaiva pamusoro uye anoshanda senhungamiro nehanya yepamusoro yayo uye mutumbi runoenzanirana kadhi.

Unoziva sei pamusoro rwakadini kutsinga dzinouya?

Sarudza zvakadzama utetsa dhigirii zvinobvira ane miedzo shoma nyore. Kuti uzviite murwere maziso avo. Basa Its nderokuziva munzvimbo dzakananga idzo chiremba kana mutsvakurudzi kunoita pusa yezvakaita inofamba iri Hudyu minwe, maoko kana makumbo. Chinhu chinodiwa kuti hunonyatsodonongodza muviri mamiriro kana chinzvimbo kuti akatora makumbo ake.

Achibatsirwa imwe Tuning forogo nokuda vibration wanda, unogona dzinotibatsira conductive makwara musana. Mashandiro anoita mudziyo uyu kuchabatsira kuona nguva apo murwere anonzwa zvakajeka vibration. Kuti aite izvi, tora kweguyo tinya kunzwa inzwi. Panguva ino, unofanira kupfeka chero mukurumbira mhou pamusoro muviri. Kana apo nehanya kwakadaro inowira kwokutanga pane dzimwe nguva, zvinogona vaifunga kuti akarova veshure mbiru.

Test pamusoro kunzwa localization zvinoreva kuti murwere, maziso ake akavharwa, chete panotaura kunzvimbo kuti masekondi mashoma isati amubata mutsvakurudzi. Inogutsa chakarurama anonzi zvino, kana murwere angobvuma mukati mumwe sendimita.

The kubatwa aikanganiswa ganda

The nemamiriro conductive makwara ari musana kuona ukuru ganda nehanya panguva peripheral chechetere. Chokwadi chokuti Neural pezvakaitwa kunobatanidzwa ganda protoneyrona receptors. Zvinoshandiswa, iri centrally neshure chikamu pezvakaitwa, mumhanye zvakananga musana, zvokuti aumbwa munzvimbo Lisauera.

Kufanana nzira yakadzika nehanya, ganda rinoumbwa vanoverengeka sequentially aibatanidza masero etsinga. In tichienzanisa etsinga fibers spinothalamic danda Data pulses chinopfuudzwa apasi kumigumo kana rezasi mutumbi kadhi, muri zvishoma pamusoro uye pakati.

Skin utetsa kunoenderana nzira inobva yezvakaita vakurukurirane. Zviri:

• tembiricha;
• chafariz;
• marwadzo;
• tactile.

In ichi rokupedzisira mhando ganda nehanya, kakawanda inoparadzirwa zvakadzama utetsa conductors.

Unoziva sei pamusoro marwadzo pachikumbaridzo uye tembiricha musiyano?

Kuti tizive padanho marwadzo, vanachiremba kushandisa zvinokubaya nzira. In chinonyanya zvisingatarisirwi nzvimbo murwere chiremba anoita vashoma chiedza jabs duku Pin. zvinofanira maziso murwere nokuti ona zviri kuitika, hazvifaniri.

Chikumbaridzo kuona tembiricha wanda zviri nyore. In inowanzotorwa mamiriro munhu anosangana nezvekufadza siyana panguva kutonhora, iyo musiyano waiva anenge 1-2 °. Kuziva pathological akaremara kutyorwa ganda nehanya, vanachiremba vanoshandisa chaiwo mudziyo - termoesteziometr. Kana zvisina, zvinokwanisika kuti kuongorora kupisa uye mvura inopisa.

Pathologies chokuita havachanyatsogoni makwara

Mugore nechokumusoro kwerwizi nechokugedhi conductive nzira inoumbwa ne musana munzvimbo ino, apo munhu anogona kunzwa tactile ikabatwa. Kudzidza kudiwa kutora chinhu nyoro, munyoro uye mutinhimira kuti wakanaka kuongorora kuti kuziva ukuru nehanya, uyewo ongororo pamusoro vhudzi kuita, bristles, etc.

Zvirwere chokuita ganda wanda, kuti zvevakomana, funga izvi:

1. Yokutindivadza - kurasikirwa zvakakwana ganda aikanganiswa chaiyo pamusoro nzvimbo muviri. Kana zvaipesana marwadzo nehanya kunoitika analgesia, pamwe tembiricha - ardanesthesia.
2. Hyperaesthesia - yokutindivadza neizvi Fani ndepana yakaderera excitation chikumbaridzozve, zvikaita sezvakaoma gipalgeziya kuwedzera.
3. Misperception irritants (semuenzaniso, murwere mixes chando uye ushamwari) ndiyo dysesthesia.
4. Paresthesia - kukanganisika kuratidzwa chinogona kuva zvizhinji, kubvira zvinokambaira formication, manzwiro nehana uye ndima yacho yose muviri.
5. Hyperpathia ane wakajeka kupfuura mashoko. Aivawo zvinoodza kukunda thalamus, kukwidza pachikumbaridzo excitability, kutadza kuona munharaunda irritant, inorema psycho-mupfungwa coloring zvose zviri kuitika uye zvakare chimbichimbi motokari mhinduro.

Structural Features downlink conductors

Uchiburuka uropi uye musana makwara zvinosanganisira mwanda anoverengeka, kusanganisira:

• pyramidal;
• Rubra, musana;
• vestibular-musana;
• reticulo-musana;
• posterior longitudinal.

Zvose pamusoro zvinhu - injini makwara of musana, izvo zvinoumba mwanda tsinga iri pasi divi.

Vanonzi pyramidal nzira rinotanga kubva kupfuura masero zvakafanana mune chapamusoro uropi, kunyanya munzvimbo yacho nechepakati gyrus. Ndirwowo panzira Anterior musana - ichi chinhu chinokosha wegadziriro rinotungamirirwa pasi uye anoenda kuburikidza wandei madhipatimendi ari rwemberi hudyu Kamudzira. Panguva pfungwa mharadzano pamusoro medulla uye musana panowanikwa chikamu muchinjikwa, pova yakarurama pyramidal danda.

The tegmentum kupa conductive Rubra-musana nzira. Tanga zvinotora kubva dzvuku musimboti. Kana exiting fibers ayo vayambuka uye kuedzwa muna musana kubudikidza Warhol uye ari medulla oblongata. Rubra-musana nzira achibvumira nomunhu kubva cerebellum uye basal ganglia.

Makwara vachena nyaya yacho musana kutanga Deiters 'neerekitironi. Zvinowanikwa iri brainstem, vestibulo-musana nzira mberi mune dorsal uye terminates dzimwe nyanga dzayo kumberi. Kubva kondakita kunoenderana ndima nomunhu kubva vestibular midziyo kuti injini Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu ari peripheral hurongwa.

Pajira riya mumasero hindbrain inotungamirwa kunotanga reticulo-musana nzira kuti chena nyaya musana vainyanya vakapararira nomumwe tufts divi uye mberi. Kutaura zvazviri, ndiye mukuru kubatana pakati dzepanguva nepakati uropi uye zvetsandanyama nemapfupa gadziriro.

Posterior longitudinal shwashwa iri zvinobatanidzwa maererano injini Zvivako uropi hunde. Zvinokanganisawo basa oculomotor nuclei uye vestibular ezvinhu yose. The rwemberi longitudinal danda iri mune remuromo nomuzongoza.

Migumisiro zvirwere musana

Saka conductive makwara musana kunokosha unobatanidza zvinhu kuti anopa munhu mukana rwokufamba nehanya. Neurophysiology date nzira chokuita peculiarities ari nemamiriro nomuzongoza. Zvinozivikanwa kuti musana mamiriro yakapoteredzwa tsandanyama fibers, ane cylindrical chimiro. Inside the musana brainstem zvinhu associative uye gwenya dzepanguva makwara kudzora functionality ose enyika muviri.

In zvinoitirwawo musana zvirwere, zvokuimba kukuvara kana malformation conductivity pakati mbiri dzinokosha nzvimbo zvinogona yekudyidzana kuderedzwa. Zvirwere makwara zvingakanganisa murume zvakakwana kumbomira kurovedza muviri, uye kurasikirwa kutsinga dzinouya maonero.

Chikuru chikonzero kushaya zvechivhurumukira conduction ndirwo rufu tsinga harinzwi. Yakaomesesa pamwero conduction nenyonganiso pakati uropi uye musana ndiko kuoma uye kushayikwa manzwiro ari maoko nemakumbo. Zvadaro pangava zvinetso zvomukati, uropi chokuita Neural shwashwa. Somuenzaniso, kuvhiringidzika yepazasi chikamu musana hunde nebere ive inondimukira weti uye bowel kufamba.

Ko kubata musana chirwere uye anotenderera?

Chete akazviratidza chinopedza kuchinja zvinenge pakarepo mumatauriro wiring pamusoro musana basa. Kudzvinyirirwa hunenge zvinotisvitsa raidudzwa Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga kunokonzerwa nokufirwa Neural fibers. Zvizere adzorere wakaputsika conductivity munzvimbo zvisingabviri. The chirwere kunoitika nokukurumidza uye mberi semheni, saka kudzivisa kwakakomba conduction abnormalities zvinogona chete kuva, kana nenguva kutanga kurapwa. Nokukurumidza izvi zvaitwa, chichavawo chikuru mikana kumira pathological kukura.

Non-anoitisa achirapwa turakiti musana vachida kurapwa, chikuru basa izvo achamira muitiro kufa tsinga harinzwi. Izvi zvinogona kuwanika chete kana chokudzivirira zvinhu akachinja chitarisiko chirwere. Chete ipapo unogona kutanga kurapa nechinangwa kunonyanyisa inobvira kuzoita kutsinga dzinouya uye motokari mabasa.

mishonga kurapwa nechinangwa zvokurega muitiro kufa masero uropi. Basa ravo ndiko kudzorerwa vasingadzoreki krovopodachi kuti hunenge nzvimbo musana. Panguva kurapwa vanachiremba funga zera features, hunhu nekuomarara zvaparadzwa uye chirwere kunoita. In mushonga makwara Zvakakosha kuramba kuramba kweiyi tsinga fibers achishandisa magetsi pulses. Izvi zvichaita tiine inogutsa tsandanyama inzwi.

Kuvhiya rinoitwa kudzorera musana conduction Zvisinei voitakura kunze munzira mbiri:

1. Kudzvinyirira zvezvinokonzera kuoma Neural kubatana.
2. Kukuchidzira of musana hunde kuti mangwanani pakuunganidza vakarasika mabasa.

Operation kunofanira pashure kwazvo vanachiremba kuzviongorora muviri wose. Izvi zvichaita kuziva localization pezvakaitwa degeneration tsinga fibers. Muzviitiko kwazvo kukuvara musana, unofanira kutanga kubvisa compression zvinokonzera.