The Joint Stock Companies Mutemo. Vadyi wemari kambani - chii?

Vadyi wemari kambani - chii? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu achava mubereko kwete chete kune vadzidzi, maererano nemabasa avo vadzidzi imwe chinhu, asi vagari venyika yedu, ndine zvakawanda kana zvishoma kushingaira chinzvimbo.

Nyaya rinotaura pamusoro zvakaoma uye panguva imwe chete iri nyore pfungwa.

Sei kuva vadyi vapfuwi makambani. Dzokororai nezvekukosha

Yokutanga kwemajoini wemari kambani munharaunda nyika yedu yakanga basa kambani Russian. It yakaumbwa muna 1757 muna Kostantinopole. Her guru zvaisanganisira migove, nhamba migove vainzi uye aiva tikiti ane mhando kuti certifies kodzero shareholders 'pfuma uye pachena tradable pamusoro pamusika. Mitemo kuti yacho. mabasa Company chaiva mitemo youmambo.

Ichatonga zvine mbiri kwemajoini Nehunde makambani ari pakati XIX remakore, panguva Great Kuchinjwa. Panguva iyoyo Russia kwakaitika rokutanga Europe maererano zvoupfumi uye kuparadzirwa kuchengetedzeka riri kukura unprecedentedly kutsanya.

Munguva Soviet nguva yacho nzanga akadaro anenge kurega kushandiswa.

Modern Russia ine nhoroondo paumbwe kwemajoini vapfuwi makambani-gore 20. Yezwi pamusika upfumi zvaida kuitwa mitemo mitsva nokuda mutemo ukama nokure pachake uye kurapa siyana ayo.

To musi, vadyi hunde makambani nenzvimbo nzvimbo kutungamirira munyika zvoupfumi ukama. Nokuti kunoita kuti nokubatanidza guru JSC anoita makambani kuumba idzva akazvimirira bhizimisi sangano.

Company: chii uye ayo chaizvo

Joint Stock Company - bhizimisi sangano vaiita zvokutengeserana. Kuita purofiti - chinangwa chikuru wekambani, uye kwakakwana zvemari uye zvoupfumi kuzvionera mune sarudzo inoita kuti somugumisiro.

The guru mvumo pamusoro kambani yakakamurwa migove. Nhengo kambani (shareholders) kutakura nengozi nazvo kubva mune zvoupfumi basa mukati kukosha migove kuti zvavanazvo, asi kwete mhosva nokuda kwayo mitoro. Uyezve, vadzidzi vanofanira kutakura ngozi uye vanenge kukwana kubhadhara kuchengetedzeka. Chinonyanya kukosha wekambani ndechokuti shareholders - varidzi ichi kambani, asi kwete varidzi pfuma. The pfuma iri vaiva ne kambani pachayo. Ndiyo musimboti gangaidzo chimiro ichi management. Iri repamutemo ane unhu kuri kwariri: zita, muchina. On yayo nokuda kutora chikamu mudare zvekufamba sezvo bato kuti nyaya uye wechitatu nebato, vane bhengi dzavo nhoroondo pachako uye vakaparadzana pfuma. The havaoni zviri vanhu vanogona kuva mumuviri nomutemo vanhu, ane nhamba haungoratidzwi.

Kazhinji Unogona kunzwa mashoko okuti "namahwindo kana akazaruka vadyi wemari kambani". Chii? Pasi pemurairo, kambani vangava akazaruka, kureva kuitisa isina kuzvinyoresa migove nyaya uye pachena kutengeswa uye yakavharwa - vane migove dzinotengeswa uye anoparadzirwa, somunhu mutemo, pakati havaoni ayo. Uye zvose rakapa migove vari vakanyorwa, izvo anobvumira kuti neutralize ngozi kubiridzira securities.

Ndezvipi normative mabasa yokudzora mabasa pamwe vapfuwi makambani

An inokosha pamutemo gwaro - ndiko Civil Code, kunyanya Chapter 4 gwaro. Special Chiito ndiye Federal Mutemo "On Joint Stock Companies" kwa1995, pamwe zvitsva yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita wokurera muna 2014. Normative mabasa havatsananguri pamutemo uye nzira nokuda kwoUmambo zvose kambani yayo Dare miviri, guta guru mvumo, kugovera purofiti, mabasa uye kodzero nhengo (shareholders), kodzero kudzora mabasa, nzira ine nokubatanidzwazve, zvisikwa uye liquidation uye dzimwe nyaya hakukoshi .

Murayiro haisi imwe gwaro chokuita kwemajoini vapfuwi makambani. Nyaya uye kuparadzirwa migove, izvo kuchengetedzeka nokudzorwa mutemo "On the kuchengetedzeka Market" uye Federal Mutemo "On Kudzivirirwa Rights uye Nomutemo Interests pamusoro makambani ari kuchengetedzeka Market".

Sei guru mvumo

The guru mvumo pamusoro kwemajoini wemari kambani kuumbwa nokuda chitsama migove ose ari chezita kukosha, vakadzikinurwa shareholders ayo. It rinoti shoma kukosha nekambani pfuma, iyo vaiva pedyo chaizvo nayo. The guru mvumo zvinodiwa nechokwadi zvido chikwereti. Mitemo inorondedzera shoma uwandu mvumo guru, izvo iye yaiva 1,000 nguva shoma mubayiro akazaruka nzanga, uye kwete asingasviki 100 nguva shoma mubayiro nokuda voga. Mvumo guta anogona ngazviwedzerwe kana shoma. Chisarudzo ichi wakabatwa mumwe mukuru musangano shareholders.

Sei utariri

vadyi wemari kambani utariri mumatanho vakawanda uye siyana.

The muviri mukuru, chinonyanya kukosha kusarudza mabasa - ichi Chokwadi, mukuru musangano shareholders. Pairi, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, hunotendera Mushumo wegore, kuripwa mibayiro kune shareholders, kusarudza liquidation, nokubatanidzwazve. Held gore negore. Namasimba General Meeting yaro kugona ngadzirambe dziri Federal Mutemo "On Joint Stock Companies" uye haigoni hwakatamisirwa Board Directors.

Executive muviri, izvo anotakura kurapa kuitika nenhau dzemazuva panze, ndiye mutungamiriri ane Directorate. Mabasa nevarikutonga muviri kuzvidavirira supervisory muviri - the Board Directors.

The inokosha kodzero shareholders

The shareholders ari boka, vane kodzero:

- Kubuda utariri. Zvinotora nzvimbo kuburikidza nekuvhota nechimwe mukuru pamusangano panyaya kuti vari kugona kwaro.

- pakuunganidza mari sezvo mibayiro.

- The kodzero kugamuchira mugove Company zvomumwe pakuparwa kugumiswa basa rake, uye liquidation.

Zvichienderana yezvinoreva kodzero akapa Company migove angava misi uye aanoda.

Aanoda migove kupa yokuisira dzavo ne- mibayiro uye kodzero yokutanga kuti mari, asi kushomeka kurudyi management wekambani.

paruzhinji zvinyorwa. Kuziviswa mashoko pamusoro mabasa

The chikuru Gwaro ndiro bumbiro, pursuant kune urongwa iyo kambani unoshanda. Hazvina fanira vanofanira zvine zvakananga zvikamu, pasina iyo kambani haina kunyoreswa uye asingauyi wana pamutemo unhu.

The Joint Stock Companies Mutemo zvinoda kuti ape shareholders akumbirwa magwaro avo rine mashoko nezvebasa. Nokuti zvinyorwa bhizimisi vanofanira kupiwa kune shareholders ndeinotevera:

- nyaya nevamwe;

- maminitsi vakawanda misangano ;

- mashoko wegore;

- magwaro zvemukati;

- mapepa inoratidza chizvidavirire uye kushuma.

Nzira kuti sangano munzanga. kuparadzirwa migove

The Company rakarongwa kuburikidza kusikwa itsva bhizimisi sangano sezvo isangano repamutemo, kana kurongazve huripo. Chisarudzo asimbise havaoni ayo wokurera ari kuvambwa pamusangano. The varongi inogona mumuviri pamutemo vanhu. Nhamba rakavhurika vanhu haringorevi vakatanga vari pakagadzwa munhu namahwindo, panofanira kuva kupfuura makumi mashanu.

Paaisika kambani, migove yaro anoparadzirwa pakati havaoni. Companies Act (ayo shanduro itsva) inopa kuti zvinosungirwa vanyorwa migove akagoverwa pakati havaoni, rinofanira kuteererwa kambani mukati mwedzi mumwe kubva musi kunyoresa.

Murayiro kubviswa

The Company kunogona liquidated nokuzvidira nokuda chisarudzo musi uyu ari kumusoro rinodzora musangano kana kusarudza dare. Pavanosarudza pamusoro kuchaitwa musi chokuzvidira hwaro, masimba ose kutarisira boka hwakatamisirwa liquidation basa, izvo, kubva chinangwa chawo inotungamirwa Joint Stock Company. Chii - the liquidation basa, uye chii vari masimba ayo? muviri ichi zvinotora zvose mitoro chokuita kutsvaka uye kuziva chikwereti uye chikwereti munzanga, pavanoteka imwe liquidation nepakati papepa, asi kuziva uye Implementation chepfuma kufukidza chikwereti uye kubhadhara kuti Contractors, kugadzirisa dambudziko akateya-kure vashandi nezvimwe zvemari uye pfuma nyaya.

Mugumisiro yose pamusoro. To musi, vadyi hunde Makambani - kupfuura akura uye zvinovimbisa muchimiro upfumi muna Russian Federation. Nzvimbo kambani unopisa vagara vandifungira mumhuri murairo akatotanga yakatanga zvakakwana, asi zvisinei vamwe dzemunharaunda ayo inoda pakuzadzisa kuti kufambirana kukurumidza kuchinja upfumi uye tsika management.

Hezvinoi, pachena dzisina kambani zvavo. Kunenge kuti pashure kuverenga nyaya mubvunzo "kambani - chii" haasi kuisa kuti standstill, uye musimboti kunzwisisa sangano iri hunowedzera zvinonzwisisika.