Cooperative Kugadzirwa - uyu ... Mutemo ari kugadzirwa cooperatives. Repamutemo - pamwe

Business - zvinoreva kwete chete kuti vazvipfumise, asi nzira pamwero mukuru rubatsiro mari iyoyo kana mamwe sangano, icho kunokudziridzwa zvikuru chidimbu zviduku uye svikiro kadikidiki bhizimisi. Achiziva ichi, vakawanda hurumende dziri kushingaira inotsigira (dzimwe nguva kunyange papepa) vagari abatsire.

Chimwe chimiro basa kwakadaro ndiko kugadzirwa pamwe. yokuzvidira iyi (!) Kubatanidzwa chero mugari pahwaro nhengo nechinangwa maindasitiri basa. Kazhinji, nhengo pamwe vari anobatanidzwa pakuburitswa kwacho kana vanoritsigira iri hwokugadzira kana zvinhu ndege. Mumwe Co-op - kusangano repamutemo. Chero zvazvingava, mumwe nomumwe vechikamu ane mugove mupiro. Iye anodzoka, kana mushandi anorega kubva kambani.

Chero pamwe Kugadzirwa - ane kambani nheyo pamwe nechinangwa zvisingabatsiri. Kana zvaitaurwa constituent magwaro, dzimwe pamutemo masangano anogona kubatanidzwa muzviitiko ayo. Hezvino zvakataurwa Co-op.

batana mutemo

All mabasa makambani zvakadaro nokudzorwa Federal Mutemo, izvo rakagamuchirwa 10 April 1996. Uyezve, kuwedzera rakachengetedzwa vagamuchirwa ne Federal Mutemo "On kugadzirwa cooperatives" musi waMay 8, 1996. Dzavo zvokudya kupindira mibvunzo inotevera:

• Kutsunga of kugadzirwa pamwe.
• Basic kodzero uye mabasa nhengo dzayo.
• The sangano uye liquidation yacho vachida.
• Other nyaya waongororwa nesu ino (vari zvakare kusimuka Federal Mutemo "On kugadzirwa cooperatives", asi ari kupfuura yaiitwa yakapfupikiswa fomu).

Mitemo kamwe waiti murau zvebhizimisi harifaniri kupikisa Constitution nevamwe mitemo Russian Federation.

Chii uwandu nhengo pamwe?

Pasi chibvumirano mumutemo emarudzi nhengo kugadzirwa kushamwaridzana murege kupinda vanhu vasingasviki pane vashanu. It hwakagadzwa kuti vanogona kuva vari vagari pedu, uye zvizvarwa kwemasimba yokumwe. Pari ichi diki (avhareji) bhizimisi hakuna kusiyana nemamwe masangano anoshanda munyika yedu.

Uyezve, akabvumira kutora chikamu kuti ndeyedu vanhu. Sezvatakamboreva kare vakati musangano anogona kuitawo zvimwe repamutemo. The kambani kuzviita kuburikidza vamiririri vavo pahwaro kunotenderwa constituent magwaro.

Ndiani anogona kuva nhengo pamwe?

The pamazita vadzidzi vanogona kupinda munhu anenge asvika makore 16, rinoratidza mugove mupiro mukuru mari yacho pamwe. Kunokosha! Kushivirira vanhu vakaita mugove nomupiro, chikamu muchirongwa zvakananga utariri wekambani, asi regai kutora chero pachako basa mitambo yayo. Nhamba yevanhu vakadaro angasava anopfuura 25% of nhamba kwenhengo avo pachavo kushumira firimu yanana. Izvi zvinoita yakaenzanirana kuparadzira mari kubva pakutengeswa mishonga.

Sizes yakawiriranwa mari

Mutemo haripi miganhu yacho. Nechokwadi angamuka ari Co-op kukwanisa kusangana ayo nemhiko, asi muchiitiko chino murayiro rinoti nhengo zvose izvi mhando mabhizimisi uyewo vari pachake (chikamu) mutoro zvose zvichiitika chikwereti.

Chii chiri zvakasikwa?

Sezvatakamboreva kare akati, kusikwa firimu pamwe ndiye chete zvisingabatsiri. In ichi richangobva akasika sangano anogona kuita chero basa kuti haina wairambidza pamusoro nharaunda nyika yedu. Cherechedza kuti pagadzirwe mamwe mapoka chigadzirwa anofanira kuwana chaiwo marezinesi.

bhodhi

Pamusangano nhengo pamwe Nde muviri kwake. Kana nhamba kwenhengo kwazvo vanhu makumi mashanu, anogona akasarudza akamisa supervisory komiti chaiyo. Kana isu nezvazvo varikutonga miviri, mu mabasa avo zvakare nepakudiwa kwake (uye / kana kuti sachigaro pamwe).

Kunokosha! bhodhi nhengo (uye sachigaro) kungava chete munhu akanga anobatanidzwa mabasa masangano kuti vari nhengo dzayo. Ona kuti kuva nhengo nevasina supervisory bhodhi uye bhodhi hazvibviri.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, neimwewo musangano?

Pamutemo kuti mukuru musangano nhengo dzose pamwe anganzi chero zvazvingava, kuti neimwe nzira akarondedzera basa. Kunyange kune mamiriro ezvinhu asina umo convening misangano yakadaro ndekwokuda zvakafanira:

• Kana Nokubvumira mutemo kana, kana zvakakodzera, kuti chero kuchinja maro.
• Pakusarudza kutungamirirwa nesangano.
• Muzviitiko apo chisarudzo kana kudzingwa pamwe nhengo.
• Mukuwedzera, pokuunganidzira kunodikanwa nokuda kwezvaizosarudzwa pamusoro pakagadzwa munhu yakawiriranwa mari saizi, uyewo kuti chero kuchinja chokuita ouchenjeri kushandisa vachida mari. Uyezve, kutsigira kuti Entrepreneurship (kuwana mari) ndiko zvisingaiti pasina kufarirwa matanho akadai nenhengo dzesangano.
• Chokwadi, pasina chiito ichi hazvirevi kusika munhu gozvo komiti, uyewo kugumiswa kana kubvuma zvimwe Executive mashandiro anoita nedzimwe nhengo dzose Committee. Zvisinei, kana bumbiro anopa kurudyi Supervisory musangano kusarudza mibvunzo yakadaro, musangano hauna wakaitwa.
• Zvinokosha, kana Co-op aumbwa Auditing komiti kana rinopera mabasa ayo.
• In achibvumirana mishumo pagore, kugumisa pamusoro odhita kana audits, uyewo kuparadzira Purofiti vakawana somugumisiro wacho pamwe mabasa.
• Uyewo musangano une, kana sangano pacharo kupinda liquidation.
• Uyezve, zvinokosha zvakaitika pakagadzwa kana liquidation nemapazi.
• Pakupedzisira, nhengo pamwe kuenda, kana akasarudza kubatana nedzimwe mibatanidzwa neshamwari.

Saka, kurimwa yanana - iri zvebhizimisi wakakwana, ine pachake zvichiongororwa rayo uye kuuraya masangano.

Other chokuita musangano

Kana yakabva bumbiro, musangano nhengo zvingarerutswa, uye dzimwe mhinduro. Kana apo kwakadaro kodzero anoregerwa muviri kuti, musangano vanofanira kuva varipo panguva dzinopfuura 50% nhengo dzose zvebhizimisi uyo havabatanidzwi mumabasa ayo. Chisarudzo nevamwe nyore vhoti, mugumisiro vhoti kuverengwa. Zvisinei, kungava kusumwa dzimwe nzira, asi vose vanofanira chainyatsoratidza ari bumbiro iri vachida. Zvisinei kukura mugove wavo, mumwe nhengo pamwe anekodzero imwe vhoti.

Kana tiri kutaura pamusoro nekugadzirisa kuti bumbiro iri sangano kana ayo nokubatanidzwazve (chete Kusara ndiyo nyaya kutendeuka kuva nebhizimisi kudyidzana kana kambani) uye pamusoro liquidation, chisarudzo anogona kutorwa chete kana akavhotera kubudikidza anenge ¾ kwenhengo kubhadhara. In nebhizimisi kudyidzana kana kambani, kambani inogona kurongwazve chete chiitiko ichocho ichi chakabatwa vachibvumirana.

Pakadaro, kana uchida kugamuchira kana vanodzinga mugari kubva sangano, sarudzo iyi inogona kuitwa kushoma pakati 2/3 mavhoti. All nyaya dziri bedzi ari kugona of Assembly, haigoni kune dzimwe Executive makomiti akaumba mukati zvavakanga vachida kuita.

The Supervisory Committee

Sezvatotaurwa, panguva kukura pamwe kukura kupfuura makumi mashanu nhengo Assembly of Mutongo supervisory komiti inogona vasikwa, vane mabasa kunofanirawo pakarepo wakaiswa mumirau. Takatodzidza kutaurwa kuti chete nhengo sangano angava nhengo komiti akadaro. Nhamba mudonzvo komiti, uyewo nguva yavo mashoko hofisi takatsunga nokuda kwemigumisiro musangano.

Kusarudzwa Supervisory Board anofanira kodzero yekusarudza sachigaro waro. Musangano Committee kuitwa kana kubatsirwa, asi kanenge - mwedzi mitanhatu ose. Pasinei masimba aro, nhengo Supervisory Board havana kodzero kuita chero zvahunoreva chiito nokuda pamwe. Mukusiyana, nyaya kuti kugadziriswa chete nokuda supervisory simba hazvigoni kugadziriswa Musangano pamwe nhengo.

Other miviri Executive wekambani

Varikutonga miviri zvinoshandiswa kudzora zvose nezuva vachida mabasa. Somuenzaniso, kana vanhu varipo-op kupfuura gumi, chinofanira kusarudzwa bhodhi nhengo. Nguva yokuva muhofisi iri pakarepo mumatauriro Charter. It inokurukura zvose inogadzirwa nyaya yacho kuti inomuka ari pamwe munguva pakati mukuru misangano nhengo dzayo. kugona Its Zvingagadziriswa zvinetso zvose isingagoni Inoziva dzimwe Executive miviri.

Rinotungamirirwa sachigaro bhodhi. Sarudzai zvose nhengo pamwe pa mukuru musangano, vaifanira kubhabhatidzwa kungava chete vanhu ivavo. Kana kambani akatotanga vakakwanisa kusika munhu gozvo Committee, vaida nominated kubudikidza sachigaro bhodhi zviri. Chero zvazvingava, masimba aro dzinofanira zvachose chinyatsotsanangurwa ari bumbiro.

Saka, achangogara unofanira kuisa imwe nguva muganhu mukati iyo sachigaro anekodzero yokushanda, kuti ape noupamhi zvakajeka masimba aro, kunyanya mune kodzero dzokurasa enzvimbo sangano. Mukuwedzera, muna huru gwaro inotevera mashoko anofanira akapinda mune fanira ezvinhu: mubayiro, migumisiro kukuvara kukuvadza kusvika vachida.

Kana varipo-op kare ane mutemo ari Zvipupuriro Association achava mazita nyaya sachigaro ane kodzero yokusarudza mu chete zvakanaka.

Kazhinji, akapiwa masimba zvakakwana kushanda achimiririra pamwe pasina amupe yoga simba gweta. Zvingava pamwe ose nhengo dzose Municipality uye hurumende, uyewo dzokurasa (mu miganhu yakajeka) enzvimbo sangano. iye chete ane kodzero kugumisa zvibvumirano uye kuti asaine simba gweta (kunyanya avo vari pasi kodzero kuzvitsinhanisa), kuvhura uye pedyo nyaya, kugamuchira, omudzinga vashandi vatsva (kana chinhu chiri murau). Chero zvazvingava, inotongwa sachigaro mukuru musangano nhengo dzesangano zvachose.

Pamusoro odhita Commission

Kana kunodiwa kudiwa kudzora mari chokupika zvavakanga vachida kuita, mukuru musangano ayo rinokosha komiti anogona kusarudzwa. Kana nhamba nhengo Company dzinenge makumi maviri, nokuti nzvimbo imwe muongorori kunogona yakatarwa. Hapana mhosva anofanira nhengo odhita Commission arege kuva mushandi werimwe Executive mumutumbi pamwe.

Commission anosimbisa zvinosungirwa kuti cheki yacho dzemari wekambani kuti rapfuura nhau nguva yakakwana. Uyezve, unogona ichibudisa odhita mari chikamu chinokosha nemirayiridzo mukuru musangano nevakuru nhengo, iyo Supervisory Board uye panguva imwe chete anopfuura 10% of zvavanobata sangano.

Akabvumira zvakare kuongorora pachake chirongwa chomurayiro nhengo. Nhengo dzaro dzose kodzero kukumbira kubva chero Kumutungamiriri ose anodiwa zvemari uye zvinhu mishumo nemamwe magwaro.

Zvakabuda inspections akapa nokuongorora vakawanda rokusangana nhengo uye supervisory basa. Kana kukwanisa nhengo odhita komiti hakuna kukwana kujekesa zvimwe zvakaoma rokuzvidavirira nyaya, vanokodzera kuita zvimwewo Vaongorori (kana odhita yemakambani), kana zvakadaro rezinesi kuti ishande mureza muenzaniso.

Kunokosha! Kana bvunzo waida 10% vabati pamwe, mutengo rose vakabhadhara Vaongorori (kana zvava kudikanwa) vaibhadhara navo.

Chii mutoro pagadzirwe yanana?

Kana uine chinhu munataisireva dzesangano asangana ose nzira iripo kwaari pfuma. pamwe Charter anodawo pakukura uye ezvinhu zvazova kuita, izvo rinorambidzwa panhengo dzose sangano, zvisinei kukura chikwata yokutanga. Nokuti nokubatira vashandi nomumwe, kambani haisi mhosva chero nzira. Ndiro vakati mutemo "On kugadzirwa cooperatives".

Chete ari chiitiko kuti nhengo pamwe kubhadhara zvikwereti, kukosha iyo akapfuudza uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. mutengo zvose zvayo yesangano, zviri akabvumira kuzoita ose mugove wayo. Zvisinei, indivisible mari uye zvimwe zvinhu zvemari wekambani iyi haagoni kukanganiswa chero zvazvingava. Saka, kurimwa pamwe ane chaiwo kambani zvimwe kuita.

The mazita magwaro constituent

Iye achava pfupi, sapamazuva gwaro iri chete kambani bumbiro. Zvinonzi kubhadhara zita rizere sangano, uyewo mashoko pamusoro wayo panyama nzvimbo inodiwa. It ari bumbiro anofanira akapa mashoko ose pamusoro poukuru romupiro, uyewo mamiriro ezvinhu chikumbiro chavo. Pane anowiriranawo pamusoro basa nhengo pamwe mashoko ari kutyora hurongwa hwavo pasi, uyewo pamusoro ezvinhu pachako basa kuita mabasa vachida. Nokuti dzimwe kutyorwa ingashandiswa Zvirango kana mamwe matanho, mafambiro ayo uyewo akanyorwa usingaperi.

Uyezve, panofanira kuva ruzivo pamusoro kuparadzirwa purofiti uye Nokurasikirwa, uyewo kupendwa zvakadzama basa iri kugadzirwa pamwe uye zvose nhengo dzayo. Zvakakwana uye zvakawanda kurondedzera mabasa uye masimba anemasimba kwemiviri, kusanganisira avo zviitiko apo sarudzo dzinogona kuitwa sachigaro bhodhi iri chete kuti.

Kana totaura kugumiswa nhengo Kusangano, gwaro akaitawo mashoko sei kuripwa mupiro, uye dzinofanira kufungwa nzira kuti kubvuma nhengo itsva uye achisiya vashandi kubva kambani. Kunewo zvakawanda zviratidzo amene goho muitiro kubva nhengo pamwe, uyewo muzviitiko zvose apo sangano bato anogona kunze pairi. Akaita uye ruzivo pamusoro pamatavi zvose iripo, uyewo kuti zvibvire nokubatanidzwazve uye kwakakwana kuchaitwa. Mukuita sangano iri bumbiro iri kugadzirwa pamwe iri pasi dzimwe Data zvakafanira kuti huchishanda.

On kuchinja ...

Sezvatakurukura yambotaurwa, maererano rakapa chisarudzo mukuru musangano kambani anogona kurongwazve yokuumba kudyidzana kana bhizimusi sangano. Zvinofanira kuchinjwa kwakadaro ari mumutemo, vanofanira kutungamirirwa zvose maindasitiri uye nevatengi cooperatives.

Ndezvipi kodzero nhengo pamwe?

Chokutanga, mushandi mumwe nomumwe anekodzero kuitawo basa zvebhizimisi, uye anewo imwe sarudzo panguva mukuru musangano pamwe. Vashandi muvepowo pachavo kusarudzwa kuti Executive miviri zvose, uyewo zvichiongororwa komiti.

Kana paine chikonzero, akasununguka zvebhizimisi nhengo dzine kodzero yokuita vaitaura kuti Optimization pamusoro sangano, uyewo kutaura pamusoro kwakaratidza zvikanganiso mubasa mamaneja. Uyezve, nhengo dzose kugadzirwa pamwe anofanira kodzero mugove wayo mari, izvo rwaiwanikwa somugumisiro pagadzirwe basa zvavakanga vachida kuita.

Nhengo imwe neimwe yebambirano panguva ipi zvayo inogona kukumbira mashoko ose anodiwa kubva kuvakuru vesangano, uye panguva ipi zvayo inobva kune nhengo yaro, mushure mezvo inosungirwa kubhadhara chikamu chakaenzana nekukura kwechikamu chake chikamu. Kana kodzero dzevashandi dzakaputsika, ane kodzero yekushanda kumatare edzimhosva, kusanganisira kubvunzurudza zvisarudzo zvenhengo dzebato kuti nenzira imwe neimwe inopesana nezvinodiwa zvevamwe nhengo dzekambani.

Zvechokwadi, mutemo (uye mitemo yeRussian Federation) inoratidza kodzero yekuwana mubairo, iyo inotarirwa kubva pachiyero chebasa rebasa rebashandi mumabasa emasangano. Pasi rose, ruzivo urwu runosanganisira mutemo "Pamakambani Okugadzira", atakataura pamusoro apa.

Mabasa ehengo dzekambani

Mushandi wacho anosungirwa kuita chikamu chekugoverana, uyewo kubatanidzwa mumabasa emasangano, kutora kushanda kwakananga kubasa mairi. Mukuwedzera, iye anosungirwa kuteerera mitemo yemukati yakazara uye kutevera mamwe mitemo yakagamuchirwa nebhodhi rebambani. Uyewo vose vanotora chikamu chebasa rekubatirana rinobata basa rekubatsira, iro rinofanira kuvhara zvikwereti zvose zvinobuda zvekambani.

Pamusoro pekugoverwa kwezvikwereti

Kupararira kwebatsiro rakagamuchirwa kunoitwa kunze kwekuenderera mberi kubva kumubatiro wekushanda kwebasa wevashandi, uye kubva paukuru hwomugove wayo. Kana tiri kutaura pamusoro pemitezo yebambani, avo vasingagamuchiri kubatanidzwa kwebasa ravo mubasa re sangano, iyo purogiramu pakati pavo inoparidzirwa ichifunga nezvehukuru hwebasa rekugovana. Kana chiitiko chisarudzo chinoenderana nemusangano mukuru chichigamuchirwa, mamwe emari yakagamuchirwa inogona kugoverwa pakati pevashandi. Nzira yekuparadzanisa purogiramu pakati pavo munyaya ino inofanira kunyatsorongedzwa nekambani yekambani.

Mukuwedzera, pakati pevadzidzi vekambaniro vakagoverwa mari inosara mushure mekubhadhara mitero yese nezvimwe zvinoregererwa kubhadhara. Cherechedza kuti mari inoparadzaniswa pakati pemapoka ehurongwa haafaniri kudarika makumi mashanu kubva muzana kubva muzana, sezvo vamwe vose vachifanira kutungamirirwa mukugadzirwa kwekugadzira nekugadzirisa zvakakwana solvency yebhizimisi.

Sekupedzisira ...

Parizvino, iyi fomu yekuita bhizinesi munyika yedu ndiyo yakawanda. Chinhu ichi ndechekuti munyaya iyi inotarisirwa kuwana nhamba huru yevashandi vanokwanisa vanozopa rubatsiro rwomunhu oga kumusangano wekambani. Mukuwedzera, basa rakabhadharwa, iro rinofanira kuva nemhosva yezvikanganiso kana kuti kupomerwa kwehupfumi hwehutungamiri, hahusi kukurudzira vashandi vemari uye vashandi vanotarisira.

Mune rimwe shoko, kukurudzirwa kwebhizimisi munyika yedu kunorega zvishoma pamashandirapamwe.