Small uye svikiro kadikidiki mabhizimisi: nzira dzekuziva kuti kupatsanura

At moyo chero upfumi ndiyo Entrepreneurship. Kodzero yokuita chero basa zvakanyorwa emitemo zvinenge zvose kunyika zvenyika. Chokwadi, tiri kutaura pamusoro pamutemo (kwete hazvitenderwi) nyaya. Chero munda (kunze mugodhi uye pamwero mukuru injiniya Mazinga), tichiti musoro ose "piramidhi" zvidiki uye svikiro kadikidiki bhizimisi.

The musika upfumi uye bhizimisi duku

Saka, chii chiri vaitirei bhizimisi basa vakawanda? Uye unoziva sei kana zvakasimba ndorwevaya hombe kana svikiro kadikidiki mabhizimisi? Kana zvichida boka rako - bhizimisi duku?

Maererano pamutemo tsananguro, bhizimisi iri chero rakazvimirira basa iri kuitwa pamwe nokunzwisisa uye kugamuchirwa zvose zvinobvira njodzi. Kwomutoro ezvinhu anoonekwa kuti zvakanyatsorongwa zvisingabatsiri. Small uye svikiro kadikidiki mabhizimisi - ndicho chikamu kupfuura vanoshingaira kumusika. Ucharamba une chinhu kutengesa kana kuuya rendi, dzinoita mabasa, kubereka kana kukura - hazvina basa. Chinhu chikuru - kuwana mutengi kudiwa kuti insufficiently akasangana, uye zvekuti sarudzo mutengi ari muchimiro zvinhu zvenyu kana mabasa.

Rinotaura zvinobatsira kuvapo vakawanda madiki. Kuwedzera basa kusikwa, zviri zvakare nguva kubhadhara kuti bhajeti. The Russian Federation zvechokwadi hapana anosara.

ubatwa mamiriro

Kutsigirwa inopiwa kune diki uye svikiro kadikidiki emakambani, chiri kuitwa zvinotevera:

• zvaunoda Utilisation ezvinhu: mari, logistics uye ruzivo;
• kutyora uye kubudirira uye patenting ose zvakagadzirwa;
• anoitwa yokunyoresa madiki;
• kukurudzira vatorwa zvokutengeserana, zviri zvidiki uye svikiro kadikidiki emakambani, kusanganisira kwete chete kukura wezvokutengeserana ukama, asi yepamusorosoro uye nevanhu kwesayenzi ne dzimwe nyika;
• rutsigiro dzidzo, basa kudzidzisazve uye yemhando kurovedzwa kwomudonzvo pakati yemakambani diki;
• budiriro uye Implementation kwete chete makanzuru, asiwo National nemari zvirongwa.

Small zvebhizimisi uye voruzhinji zvokuvakisa

Imwe nzvimbo rutsigiro inokurudzirwa (asi pane imwe nguva uye kudiwa) zvinosanganisira kutenga hurumende diki uye svikiro kadikidiki mabhizimisi (223-FL inodzora kwete chete mashoko ari madikanwa zvokuvakisa kubva makambani madiki, asi unhu uye uwandu kwema). Uyezve, mutemo anopa mukana pave Zvinokosha Russian Federation hurumende zvokuvakisa kwenhumbi (mabasa, utsanzi) Russian kugadzirwa dzevatorwa. Ndizvo zvinofanirwa kubatsira kukura bhizimisi duku.

Constant kuwedzera kwezvivako kukura zvirongwa oga mabhizimisi kunoratidza kuti diki uye svikiro kadikidiki mabhizimisi (pfungwa, kupatsanura anotsanangurwa pazasi), vachitsigirwa neHurumende.

pfungwa

Kupatsanura makambani kunokosha kwete chete nokuda Statistical zvinangwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti tikwanise kuona mirayiridzo wehurumende rubatsiro, pane boka makambani anogona kugamuchira mutero musisiri uye zvichingodaro. N.

Saka, chii ichocho - duku uye svikiro kadikidiki mabhizimisi? Nzira dzekuziva chinorondedzerwa muna Russian Federation, kutanga funga metrics maviri: uwandu kushanda vashandi uye ukuru wehurumende kuita guru mvumo. Izvi akateverwa residual kukosha zvinhu uye mugove guru, uye gore negore turnover.

Ngatitangei tsanangurai kuti chero kambani anogona kunzi kune diki (avhareji) bhizimisi, kana mamiriro guru mvumo asingadi pfuura 25%. An caveat chinokosha kujekesa kuti, pasi pehurumende vapindure kunonzwisiswa uye zvechitendero uye venharaunda, masangano nedzimwe nheyo, uyewo vagari vavatorwa pamutemo masangano. Chimwe chinokosha ndechokuti mutemo kuti nhamba imwe sangano repamutemo muguta guru mvumo zviri boka duku (paavhareji) chikero uye kwete kupfuura 25%.

Small uye svikiro kadikidiki mabhizimisi (nzira dzekuziva kuti kusarudza iyo panguva tiri kufarira) hazvifaniri inosvika vanhu vanopfuura 250 munguva nhau nguva. Asi pano tiri kutaura pamusoro ndechokuti boka achagamuchira mamiriro avhareji 101-250 vanhu panguva hurumende yevanhu; uye diki - kana nguva vashandi isingadariki 100. For madiki akapa kwakadzama kupatsanura, iyo kutaura akazotevera.

Chimwe chinokonzera kusarudzwa zvavakanga vachida kuita chinhu chiduku kana avhareji wepagore turnover. Muna nhau gore kwemari kubva pakutengeswa mishonga yavo pasina kufungisisa kukosha wakawedzera mutero haafaniri kusapfuudza anosimbisa Hurumende iri Russian Federation zvakafanana. Nhamba iyi yakatsunga pamakore mashanu kwakavakirwa zvakasimba Statistical kuongorora. Muganhu tsika wegore turnover vari wakasiyiwa bhizimisi uye chikamu yemakambani.

Chii anonzi bhizimisi duku sectors siyana

Zvichienderana kutsanangurwa diki uye svikiro kadikidiki mabhizimisi anogona kuverenga iri nhau nguva iri kuwanda nomudonzvo (uyewo kushanda iri contractual hwaro) Vashandi:

• vanhu 100 kuti zvokufambisa, maindasitiri uye kuvakwa Makambani;
• 60 vanhu zvesainzi uye kurima;
• 30 vanhu chitoro zvokutengeserana uye nevatengi mabasa;
• vanhu 50 nokuti makambani vaiita Wholesale zvokutengeserana.

Wokupedzisira chokuratidza (50) inoshanda zvose maindasitiri vasiri akanyorwa uye mabasa.

nomumwe Entrepreneurs

Uyezve, maererano Federal Law of Russian Federation yomusi July 24, 2007 № 209-FL "On pave diki uye svikiro emakambani ari Russian Federation", diki uye svikiro kadikidiki mabhizimisi - zvose "voga Entrepreneurs". E. Vanhu vakaita basa pasina kunyoresa repamutemo.

Saka, mumwe chikamu nokururamisira paupamhi makambani kuti rinogona kurondedzerwa se diki uye svikiro kadikidiki bhizimisi. Pfungwa yokuti "marudzi" ndiyo chete kushandiswawo madiki: pano anomira boka akadai "mikromaloe" vachida. Zvisinei newe, uwandu vashandi makambani akadaro Hachifaniri kupfuura vanhu 15.

mutero

Inowanzobvunzwa mubvunzo sei kubhadhara mitero nyaya zviduku uye svikiro kadikidiki bhizimisi. Kupatsanura makambani zvinoita kuziva yemakambani kuti vanogona zvaunoda mitero pahwaro zvachose. Nhasi Yokudzidza mutero hurongwa, chizvidavirire uye nhau rinongoshandisirwa mumwe Entrepreneurs (vanhu kuti vaite bhizimisi pasina kuzarura repamutemo) uye Micro-emakambani (pamwe nhamba masangano vashandi 'haasi kupfuura 15). Type nezvebasa uye turnover mune iyi haina kukosha.

Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinokosha kuti funga kuti vakuru vakuru kambani chichange kuzivikanwa somunhu pasi chete kana yakawanda kwemari (kutengeswa nhumbi, shanduro mabasa, kuita mabasa) asingadi kusapfuudza 1,000 nguva shoma mubayiro mina (kusanganisira kushuma).

Kuwedzera kufambisa mutero wehurumende anotsvaka kutanga mabhizimisi madiki uye kunyange achivaratidza akanaka zvikwereti, risi inopa pahwaro risi zvibvumirano zvokushandisa uye zvichingodaro. N.

Kutsunga of zvebhizimisi muchikwata

Sezvatotaurwa, hurumende kunobva kuti kuona chekambani chavanopinda mumwe kana mumwe chikamu zvitatu zvinokonzera: uwandu vashandi, pfuma, nefuma nokuti nguva.

Zvisinei, pane kungava ezvinhu umo duku panyaya dzinoverengeka vashandi, boka rinopa mabasa (misika zvigadzirwa) zvinopfuura yakatarwa muganhu. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, muchikwata akatsunga chikuru zvinokosheswa zvinokonzera headcount uye zveminda.

Sezvo pakati bhizimisi duku kuva

Yomumwe kana rimwe boka zvebhizimisi shanduko chete kana kuita muganhu kambani akatevedzana karenda makore maviri zvishoma (mukuru) dzakatangwa Hurumende yacho Russian Federation. Small uye svikiro kadikidiki emakambani of Kazakhstan uye Russia vachangoerekana kune imwe woga. Mamaneja kambani hakudi kunyora chero mashoko kana kuzadza nyaya dzemapepa.

Yeuka kuti kuchinja munhu chikamu kungaita kuti kukanzura (kana, Ukuwo, vakagamuchira) zvimwe zvikomborero mutero uye shanduro mbiri ezvinhu. Kuti izvi zvidaro, hofisi mutero anotumira chiziviso munyika nekambani utariri, iyo inorondedzera mamiriro boka idzva.

makambani matsva

Makambani vakanyorwa mugore, anogona kunzi diki, kana gore basa uwandu mudonzvo kuita uye wokutanga bhuku ukoshi zvinhu hakurevi kusapfuudza miganho tsika. Izvi zvinoshandawo kwete chete kune mumwe Entrepreneurs, asi varimi, uye kugadzira Makambani.

Sezvo emakambani zviri pamutemo mukufamba kwegore, zviratidzo izvi dzaona chete nokuti nguva yakapfuura kubva musi vanyorwa kambani.