Muchinjikwa Teutonic: chiratidzo ukoshi

Kunyange asati chidzoke chiKristu, muchinjikwa, rave richishandiswa nevakawanda kubva muIjipiti yekare, akakokera vakuru zviratidzo. Panguva iyoyo, Akasarudza kusiyanisa anenge 4 gumi nevaviri mhando vatambi, akasiyana yakawiriranwa urongwa matanda, avo zvikuru, uye kuvapo decoration zvinhu. uye muchinjikwa Teutonic ndomumwe wavo.

A mashoko mashoma pamusoro Order

muchinjikwa Teutonic Nde chiratidzo chete zita kushamwaridzana Knights yakabuda muna 1190 kuPalestine munguva Third Hondo. Pakutanga, boka Mapilgrim German, achitungamirwa imwe Mufundisi uye seakafuridzirwa Konrad Vurhardom, yakasimbiswa kumucheto nhare Acre Hospital, apo ndaibatsira vakakuvadzwa uye vanorwara Knights kubva kuGermany. Nokukurumidza patronage muchipatara zvokunamata akatora pamusoro peJerusaremu, riri Chechi St. Mhandara, uye gare gare Pope Clement rechitatu akavamba rehama St. Mary Teutonic. Mushure Knights German akasiyanisa pachavo panguva storming pamusoro Acre, Duke Frederick pamusoro Swabia mvumo kuichinja kuva eponymous muchiuto murayiro, akaisa panotangira Mufundisi Conrad. Teutons vaiva pasi chete kuti mambo Mutsvene hweRoma uye Papa. Kudzokera Europe mukutanga remakore rechi13, vakagara mutaundi Eschenbach.

Kukosha kwokufananidzira muupenyu uto kurongeka

The Middle Ages vaiva panguva apo kusimbiswa yakanga yakaiswa zviratidzo. Vanotakura zvakasiyana-siyana mashandiro, kubva usingaonekwi kusvika anodzidzisa. A kukosha basa muupenyu vacho vairidza idzodzo muchiuto, kusanganisira pakunamata uye knightly mirairo. jasi rake kwezvombo uye mureza havana chete masangano pachavo. Paivawo wemaoresa hurongwa zviratidzo rinoshandiswa kureva nzvimbo uye mabasa mukati Order.

muchinjikwa Teutonic: Description

chiratidzo ichi, izvo pakutanga akazviratidza ari zvipfeko, mireza uye nezvombo pakati Knights muPalestine, kwave kuchiita zvimwe zvachinja pamusoro nguva. Pakutanga kwaiva nyore muchinjikwa dema pamusoro chena munda. Gare gare, zvakatanga kuonekwa nani. Nhasi, chiratidzo sangano, izvo zvinoda pachayo iri Teutonic Order, ndiye Latin (Catholic) muchinjikwa yakagadzirwa matema enamel nenyika chena kuti bindepinde ngowani neminhenga vatema uye chena.

Krosslet

Pane imwe hunhu kuti chokuita Knights German. Zviri pamusoro krosslete. Vamwe vanouti sezvo pamuchinjikwa Teutonic. Chinhu chose pakati nepakati hunhu. Panguva mwoyo siluetti krossleta ane muchinjikwa Greek, musi matavi duku bhaa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ari rusununguko wokufananidzira zvakadzama zvinoreva. Kunyanya, mabhuku echitendero anotaura kuti michinjikwa diki pamicheto yehombodo mbariro anoratidza Evhangeri ina kwaKristu. Panguva iyoyo muchihedheni bani muchinjikwa Teutonic rinoratidza kubatana 4 zvinhu.

hierarchical zviratidzo

Sezvambotaurwa, muchinjikwa chikuru Teutonic Knights akanga asiri oga vayo chiratidzo. mavanga avo uye vane Mapato akasiyana nhengo dzesangano. Ivo aipfeka navo nguo dzavo uye nezvombo, sezvakanga muchiuto ano zvinoratidza pafomu pamisara yavo, vachishandisa nyeredzi kana zvimwe zvitarisiko pamabandi apamafudzi.

Grand Master

Musoro Order ndiye muridzi wake nguvo maoko. Kwakavakirwa muchinjikwa Teutonic (chiratidzo ukoshi aunotoziva) pamwe nenyika tsvuku. Pamusoro yaiva "waiita" mumwe chete. Zvaisiyana kukura uye zvishoma tsvuku. Mukuwedzera, pakati muchinjikwa rechipiri raiva duku nenhoo pamwe gondo dema. Last waimirira imba German wavarindi. Saka, muchinjikwa Teutonic Grand Tenzi Kuzivikanwa aireva mukuru mumiririri Changamire Order.

Order Landmeyster

This post yakanga miganhu kubatanidzwa. Somuenzaniso, landmeyster Prussia akanga mvumo Deputy Grand Tenzi munyika nzvimbo iyi inokosha. To dzavo uye vamwe Knights, uyewo vanhuwo vanoziva ani vari kubata, mutakuri wenyaya iyi vasonanidza dzavo dzoushe matema muchinjikwa Teutonic (mufananidzo kuona. Above), pamusoro rakanga rakaiswa wechipiri chete asi duku uye chena.

The insignia of Grand Marshal of Order

Zvichienderana nhoroondo ye Knights, vaipfeka rokuremekedza, shandisa mhando dzakasiyana-siyana hierarchical mufananidzo. Pakutanga, akanga asina rakasiyana munhu vaipfeka Grand Tenzi, asi pakanga pasina muchinjikwa yeyero pariri. Gare gare wakaonekwa, asi ruvara muganhu ukasvika chete pakati nerimwe matanda.

Great vatambi komtur

Mazuva ano pfungwa, chinzvimbo ichi chinoreva Deputy Grand Tenzi nzendo. Uyezve, The vehondo akatungamirira administrative vamapoka mamiriro ari Teutonic Knights rakadzika kwazvo chinzvimbo. Havana kuva nomumwe nguvo zvombo, asi vakanga vaine inokosha seinään ane muchinjikwa, inomiririra simba ravo kuti kutonga.

Kusarurana azere Knights

boka iri raiva nomuzongoza Teutonic murayiro. Iye aifanira kupfeka nguvo zvose chena. Kubva kumusoro vanokandira jasi rejira chete, iro - sezvo ari kumashure uye chipfuva - Teutonic Michinjikwa kuratidzwa.

hafu mukoma

Sezvo vakanga vasina vaiona dzakazara Knights, vaisabvumirwa kupfeka chaiyo yunifomu. Zvisinei, pakati muchikwata ichi nhengo Teutonic Order aiva mumwe akanyatsorongwa. munun'una mukuru aibvumirwa kupfeka jasi vachena. Ivo vasonanidza munzvimbo fudzi nzvimbo muchinjikwa dema T-zvakaumbwa.

mapurisa

NCOs yakadaro inopiwa mari muzvikamu chete. Vakarayirwa kupfeka chena majasi pamwe yakatetepa maoko, kukandirana pachavo pamusoro izvo pfumbu majasi vasonanidza T mune muchinjikwa.

Varwi vaya kana bollards

Kusiyanisa zviri kurwisana varwi Varwi muvengi, nguo dzavo monotonous dema vasonanidza "nhoo" chena duku kupfeka kwavari muchinjikwa T-zvakaumbwa. nzvimbo yavo yakasiyana nguva yakanga yakasiyana (ari mubhokisi, musana, mapendekete, etc.).

"Iron Cross"

Order nezita iri rakavambwa muna March 1813. gadzira ake akasika pachake mambo Fridrih Vilgelm Third. Sehwaro zvaakasika, akatora muchinjikwa Teutonic. Kwokufananidzira raiva nyore chaizvo: award akaitirwa kukurudzira vokuGermany, uyo varwa kuti kusunungurwa nyika yavo kubva Napoleon kwakaita basa Naizvozvo,, Frederick akatsvaka kuyeuchidza vanhu vomunyika yake pamusoro yendarama zera iri Knights German.

Pave paya, mashoko "Iron Cross" akanga vainzi naAdolf Hitler. Akarayira kuti vanoisa swastika mumoyo make, uye pazasi ugonyora kuwanda "1939".

Muna 1940 iye akasimbisa jousting mhando award ichi, nokudaro mberi Fuehrer akasimbisa chamazuva kwetsika dzavo kubatana muoti pamwe Teutonic Order. Sezvineiwo,-soro pakati mirairo iyi, vakanga yakashongedzwa nendarama pomuouki mashizha, nengoda uye minondo, akanga paakavapa mumwe chete murume - Hans Ulrich Rudel - kunozivikanwa mutyairi wendege ari German Luftwaffe. Akamuka nokuda kuti vakaburusa Soviet yehondo "Vanya" uye vakagogodza panze zana shoma Matangi of Red Army nguva refu.

Zvino munoziva kuti akaita muchinjikwa Teutonic, uye vanoziva mhando yayo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, tichifunga enhoroondo mavara uye miniatures, uchakwanisa kuona ndiani mufananidzo knight: bollard, amachinda mukuru, ane sajeni, mukuru wehondo kana Grand Master.