The nemamiriro sacrum uye coccyx: anatomi uye dzichipfekeka chinangwa

Havasi vose chokuita utano hwavo zvakanaka. Vanhu vasingawanzotauri kuteerera zvimwe kurwadziwa, uye chaizvoizvo zvinonzi muviri hausi zvakanaka, uye kudiwa kuita. Somuenzaniso, vanhu vashomanana vari kunetseka kurwadziwa sacrum. Zvichakadai, unogona chiratidzo chirwere chakakomba. Kazhinji, kwete tose vanoziva urongwa sacrum. Pamwe chete, ngatirambei kuitarisa.

Sei sacrum

Sacral chidimbu huru mativi pfupa chimiro, riri mujinga musana mbiru. Nekuti vana kunyange matongosika marangwanda, vane inoitwa shanu yoga vertebrae, uye vakuru chinhu chimwe. Iye ane achikanganisa wakaiswa pakati hudyu mapfupa mhando.

Kazhinji, sacrum inoumbwa shanu fused vertebrae, asi pangava zvakawanda, pamberi anomalies akadai sacralisation. Kwete nguva dzose vertebrae fused mu kuyaruka, iyo, sezvinei, harisi kutyora, uye makore kazhinji 25 zvose zvakanaka.

madhipatimendi sacrum

Zvino ngatikurukurei muudzame chii nemamiriro sacrum. Anatomy zvakaburitswa kubatana dzaro mapfupa lumbar uye coccyx. Muchiitiko chino, inoitwa akawanda zvikamu:

• kumberi uye neshure hukawanika (facies pelvina, facies dorsalis);
• divi zvikamu (ndima lateralis);
• pakadarowo (hwaro ossis sacri);
• vertex (chakaderedzwa mutengo ossis sacri);
• sacral Canal (canalis sacralis).

The pamberi penyika ine concave chimiro riri kupfuura raidudzwa mugwara upwardly uye downwardly, asi zvishoma pamativi. Pakati mugove pamberi sacrum kuyambuka 4 muchinjikwa nhengo Anoumba zvigaro vertebrae Fusion. On mativi mitsara izvi akaronga mawindo mune mari 4 zvimedu kubva rumwe norumwe. Vane kumativi chimiro, rinotungamirirwa mberi uye laterally uye nenzira kubva kumusoro kusvikira pasi uchaona kuchinja mune dhayamita rutivi duku. Kuburikidza makomba aya kumhanya midziyo ropa uye tsinga harinzwi izvo kunobvumirwa plexus.

On rwemberi pose sacrum mamiriro kunoratidzwa rakamanikana convex chimiro uye roughness. Pamwe pacho vashanu mhou anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri, izvo inoumbwa kwemapazi mamwe vertebrae. Spinous muitiro unpaired chimiro muzinga articular pezvakaitwa batanidza kupinda zvenguva anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri, yakatesvera panyanga dzacho uye lateral anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri inoumbwa chete zita aiwanzopiwa wokushanda. Dzimwe nguva dzose anorovera batanidza mugomba chete muhomba.

The divi hukawanika dzakasiyana kuwedzera munyika yokumusoro chikamu, asi vari watetepeswa.

Reason - ndiwo pfupa kuti ane yakabudikira chimiro uye rakapamhamha, rakatarira mberi uchikwira. Nechemberi zvakabatana wechishanu lumbar vertebra rinoumbwa of Cape imwe mhando, nechinangwa panguva chiuno.

Vertex ane denderedzwa chimiro, iyo inoita kuti nzira yakanakisisa anobatana pfupa kubva coccyx.

The nemamiriro sacrum uye coccyx rinosanganisira ndima iyo kunosvika pamwe pfupa uye ane curved chimiro. Above zviri unoratidzwa uye afanane netriangle, uye pasi ari kujekesa. Pakazoti rusvingo rwemberi chiteshi anoramba unfilled. The mugero sacral plexus tsinga harinzwi Zvayaiva exiting kuburikidza makomba.

Sei chiuno

Sacrum, riri pedyo musana, ndiyo chete chikamu mamiriro upi chiuno dzevanhu, pasinei munhui. Kazhinji, inoitwa chikuru zvikamu zvitatu:

• mapfupa maviri pelvic;
• sacrum;
• tailbone.

Pamberi chiuno mapfupa mbiri mbiri dzine chokuita ne Semi-kutamira nesinovialnogo akakura. Zvikasadaro, chikamu ichi anonzi symphysis pubis kana pubic symphysis. Behind mapfupa aya avo kwokurangana nzeve serin'i siyana vari vasiyana chete pamaberere ari aitch mapfupa. Somugumisiro, ichi zvinotungamirira nokuumbwa yegwara ari sacroiliac mapfundo.

Uyezve, mumwe nomumwe mapfupa maviri, uyewo nemamiriro chiuno, akavapindurawo, uyewo inoumbwa matatu mamwe zvinoriumba:

• iliac;
• ischial;
• pubic.

Paaizosvika-gore 16-18-vane vana vane makore mapfupa aya chokuita nomumwe cartilages. Zvadaro pane zvishoma nezvishoma kuporeswa zvinhu izvi kuva chete pelvic pfupa. On rokunze pamusoro kwayo ane acetabulum, iyo anoshumira yakakunakira nzvimbo vanomhanyisa ari femoral musoro.

Zvinoguma mhete kana pelvic mhango, apo zvomukati vari akanyudzwa. Bheseni yose iri muzvikamu zviviri: hombe, vakwanise (chiuno huru) uye diki, rakatetepa (chiuno minor). Zvakaparadzana Pamuganhu mutsetse, iyo inopfuura nomunyika sacral payakangopfuura, ari arc vaviri mapfupa iliac, scallops pubic pfupa uye yokumusoro panogumira ari pubic symphysis.

Somugumisiro, mashoko pelvic mamiriro zvinosanganisira dhipatimendi, dziripi zvomukati enzvimbo dzakaderera mudumbu - guru mbiya. Uye duku achivanza mugaranhoko uye dundira. Uyezve, pane dumbu pamwe zvinoshandiswa uye nyinyo vakadzi. In varume dhipatimendi anodzivirira kweprostate gland uye seminal vesicles.

Kusiyana pelvic maumbirwo vakadzi nevarume

Kunyanya kusiyana nemamiriro pelvic dhipatimendi nokuti kuti muviri mukadzi riri dzakashandisa kuberekwa kwemwana. Sezvo chiuno, zvimwe Runako uye hadzi sacrum (chivakwa dhayagiramu anotaurwa munyaya yedu). Ndiye vakwanise uye zvishoma curved.

Female chiuno vakwanise zvikuru uye mapfupi. Mukuwedzera, zvakasiyana uye maburi: hadzi hafu vakanga vakwanise zvikuru, nekuti kuburikidza navo mwana. Uye pakusununguka buri inowedzerawo. Sami hudyu mapfupa vakadzi vanonyanya curved kupfuura vanhu.

functionality

Mumiviri yedu inowira nezvebasa rinokosha riri sacrum. Zvakakurukurwa sechivako kubvumira kuti aite chikuru kushanda nhengo dziviriro, izvo dziri mune pelvic mhango. Asi, mukuwedzera, rinopa sacrum akarurama marangwanda kwevanhu. Pamusana kwaari, yose mutoro wacho zvakaenzana kuparadzirwa, kunyanya bhuku rayo guru akawa achifamba. Sezvo ari vertebrae ari sacrum zororo, ipapo pedzisai injini basa, haagoni.

tsandanyama maitiro

Sacral dhipatimendi aisagona zvakanaka kuzadzisa ayo mashandiro pasina mapoka mhasuro:

• peya;
• iliac;
• partitioned;
• gluteal.

Kutanga pakati piriformis tsandanyama anoita pachake sacrum nemarunda uye mukuru sciatic foramen. Kuzobva munhu vanomirirwa nemwanda tsandanyama fibers, ayo zvino aibatanidza uye akatumwa trochanter guru yehudyu mapfupa. Muscle zvinopa muhombe inofamba ari muhudyu rwakashodoka.

Sacrum iliac tsandanyama uyewo kutanga mafupa, riri basa rayo fastening iliac penyika pamwe fovea. Ipapo tsandanyama achikwira chiduku trochanter yehudyu mapfupa. Its basa riri flexion repasi richiripo.

Partitioned tsandanyama fibers vari yakarongwa mihoronga sacrum, uye vane basa vaikunga musana namanhede.

Gluteal tsandanyama midziyo zvinobva pfupa sacrum uye coccyx, kusanganisira iliac. Uyezve fibers vawedzere kusvikira gluteal tuberosity. Mugore sacral gluteus Maximus ndiro rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose. Basa raro - ichi kutenderera uye flexion repasi maoko nemakumbo.

Blood zvitengeswa sacral

Nokuti kuona nerubatsiro tsandanyama fibers yakarondedzerwa dhipatimendi mimwe midziyo ropa. The nemamiriro sacrum ndechokuti peya uye gluteal tsandanyama boka anogamuchira zvinovaka muviri nokuda gluteal tsinga rakakamurwa mapazi akawanda.

Pakazosvika iliac tsandanyama fibers akakodzera iliopsoas tsinga. Mukuwedzera nayo chikamu uye tsinga, hamvuropu iri muhudyu mapfupa. Lumbar arteries kupa simba kune tsandanyama mapoka partitioned.

tsinga harinzwi

Good basa tsandanyama Dendere zvinogoneka nokuda etsinga harinzwi. Mapoka basa ilium uye piriformis tsandanyama raitungamirwa lumbar uye sacral plexus. Izvi zvinoita kuti mufambo rwakashodoka nerimwe. Nokudaro iliac faibha rinoita kuti lumbar plexus, mumwe tarisisa nokuti piriformis tsinga harinzwi sacrum.

The maumbirwo rinosanganisira breech sacrum plexus masero etsinga kuti kudzora tsandanyama zvakafanana zita. Nokuti innervation multifidus tsandanyama mapoka mutoro musana tsinga makwara.