Wemamongi Saint Euthymius, Suzdal: photo, kero, okutanga maawa, nhoroondo

Kana nokusingaperi paiva guta riri pacharwo miziyamu, ichi Suzdal. Nhoroondo yaro inonakidza harina chete chakachengeterwa mu yaMakoronike, asi pamberi mu Zvivako mazana matatu kuti vari chikamu Vladimir-Suzdal mapurani kunzwisisa kare nhasi.

Wemamongi Saint Euthymius - mumwe mukuru Monuments of mapurani, iyo ine nhoroondo ayo "upenyu", sezvo muguta pacharo.

Suzdal

Rich Suzdal aiva chikamu chikuru Kievan Rus, asi gore kuvambwa guta harizivikanwi. Nokuti nguva yokutanga riri kutaurwa kwezana remakore rechi11 zviri yaMakoronike, inotiudza murimi mudiki mhirizhonga.

Rakavakirwa panzvimbo imwe yapfuura dzaishandiswa nemisha, Suzdal akatanga nokukurumidza kukura. kuvaka Its vakatanga, kufanana maguta dzakawanda nguva, pamwe Kremlin, iyo yakaumbwa kumativi mudzimba. Suzdal akangopfuurira chete kukura plan, sezvo zvakaita kare, kunyange akapisa pasi kanoverengeka.

Kokutanga ichi chakaitika nokuti yevagari yokurwa Chernigov Prince Oleg pamwe venhaka Vladimira Monomaha. Vakavakazve zvakare, Suzdal akanga vakabva kupiswa ne eMongolia muna 1238. ichatonga zvine mbiri yayo itsva yakatanga muzana remakore rechi14, apo akanga asiri chete vakapfuma guta, asi pakati chitendero chechiKristu. Somuenzaniso, yakavakwa muna 1352 wemamonk Mutsvene Euthymius, temberi dzakawanda muna tenements uye Pokrovsky Monastery akakwezva vafambi uye vatendi kubva zvose pamusoro Russia.

Mushure Moscow akava nzvimbo Moscow machinda, Suzdal akarasikirwa kubwinya kwayo kwokutanga, akava guta dzematunhu, saka nhasi ndiyo chaiyo mapurani miziyamu. Maindasitiri haana akabata nzvimbo ino yakanaka, saka ndiko dombo rinokosha yakakurumbira vashanyire nzira "The Golden Ring of Russia".

yemamongi Building

Wemamongi Saint Euthymius, vane nhoroondo yakatanga kune rechi14, rakavakwa murayiro Prince Boris, uyo akatonga panguva yose Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal kwavabati. Pakutanga zvakanga zita Chitarisiko hweMuponesi, asi vari kuyeuka Abbot Euphemia, uyo vakananga pamusoro makore 50, yave zita. Pakutanga akaita namatanda, Mutsvene Euthymius wemamongi rakavakwazve zvakare muzana remakore rechi16 nokushandiswa zvidhina uye chimiro ichi vakapona kusvikira nhasi.

Location of wemamongi pamahombekombe erwizi Kamenka, uye kurutivi rwokumusoro guta nzira dzinokosha kukosha. Akanyudzwa mukati 1200 mamita pedyo rakavakirirwa pamadziro murindi shongwe, wemamonk Mutsvene Euthymius (Suzdal) yaiva nhare hondo chaiyo uye kudzivirira dzomumaguta venguva.

masvingo izvi kumativi wemamongi dzakavakwa mukupera kwezana remakore rechi17, uye 12 nharire pamwe pokunzvenga napo panguva vaiva kupfuura simba iri mupurovhinzi Vladimir. The guru inhare kufamba, vane kureba iri 22 mamita. Zviri pamukova temberi, kunyange zvazvo kuvakwa kwayo anoita basa iri Gate Church of Annunciation Yakapinda wemamongi Saint Euthymius uye akanga mukati masvingo. Panguva nhamo rokuvaka rakadaro nokusimbaradza wemamongi kwaiva faniro, nekuti muna Orthodox vakaponeswa kubva nechisimba kurwisa.

Yemamongi zvivako: zvekuchinja Cathedral

Nhasi wemamongi Saint Euthymius (Suzdal guta) ane 14 mapurani pazvivako, izvo zvakanaka vakachengetedzwa.

Yokutanga chivakwa ibwe rakanga Chechi Muponesi, iyo yakavakwa mumakore 1507-1511 pamusoro dzinoshandiswa abbot pakati wemamongi rokutanga - Euphemia. Apo kweMuponesi Kuchinja Cathedral, izvozvo wakapinda yayo maumbirwo kuva chapero yakavakwa muna 1564.

Nhasi hakusi bedzi Church ano, asi yakasiyana mapurani chimiro, umo Pamifananidzo zvakasikwa muzana remakore rechi16. Most chinokosha ndiko mufananidzo madziro akaita vatenzi makuru kubva Kostroma mauto Savina uye Guriem Nikitinym (makore 17). At moyo Pamifananidzo - the Biography St. Euthymius, uye mufananidzo Grand Prince Vsevoloda Vladimirskogo. Images emadzimambo Mikhail Fedorovich uye Alexei Mikhailovich chezvibereko nyaya mavara seinäkartta.

The yakaisvonaka chena-ibwe Church, chikamu wemamongi Saint Euthymius muna Suzdal (vane kero: Lenin Street, 148a), ndiyo nzvimbo yokuchengetera zvisaririra tsvene St. Euphemia. Ivo zororo yakaitwa 1823 yesirivha reliquary.

Uyewo, chitarisiko Cathedral ndiyo nzvimbo kuvigwa Dmitriya Pozharskogo uye mhuri yake. Pano zvakachengeterwa zvinhu, akapa kuna Church - chifukidziro, riri zvomuchinda pachake dzakarukwa nomudzimai wake, uye Evhangeri pamwe chinyorwa.

mukova shongwe

Kusiyana nevamwe shongwe chiyamuro ane mativi chimiro. Zvinonzi mudungwe red chidhinha uye yokufananidzira muzvikamu zviviri. Rezasi chikamu zvikuru ndiye bandwidth uye rine ndima mbiri yokufeva kubva Kyoto pamusoro pavo.

Yokumusoro Chikamu neshongwe zvikuru naka. Sezvo zvakaonekwa kure (chivakwa kureba 22 metres), musoro weDanho yakange yakashongedzwa architraves uye "bhandi" yakavakwa nezvidhinha, iyo akapa mumwe "nenyama," uye nyasha.

Anopedzisa mukova shongwe hipped padenga. Muzana remakore rechi17 yakanga damage mheni uye akanga asina kudzosera kwemakore akawanda. Restoration kuitwa 1860, achiri zvichengeteke zvakanaka.

Nhasi, ari-nzvimbo yokufamba Maberere vari tikiti kuzvipatara uye bookshop.

Wemamongi bhero shongwe

chechi imwe neimwe ine yayo rakasiyana kurira pamusoro mabhero, uye Suzdal wemamongi Saint Euthymius hakuna anosara. Belfry yeOrthodox kuvakwa pachakwo nyaya yose, sokuvakira uye panguva dzakasiyana uye zvakasiyana mapurani zvekunyanyisa.

The dzokutanga chikamu Belfry - anonzi bhero stolpovaya Chechi Ioanna Predtechi. The mamiriro ane 9 zviso, zvisina runowanzoitika zvatinosiita bhero shongwe, nguva dzose ane kunyange nhamba pamakona. Maererano nengano, zita racho rine chokuita nokuberekwa John 4.

Mupfupi, chechi bhero yakanyorerwa pupuro guru madzishe uye madzimambo.

Hazvina maberere iro muchinda vaikwanisa kucherechedzwa, tichidzivisa vazhinji vafambi uye vatendi. It rinobatanidza kereke pamwe arhimadrita imba uye wachi shongwe. Zvitare remakore rechi16, zvinosuwisa, kwete rakachengetedzwa vakati vatumirwa kuna smelter muna 1932. Kare, vaiva mureza hama kuenda nokuda kudya kana munyengetero. Nhasi, kurira mabhero dana akatendeka pabasa iri pedyo Kuchinja Cathedral.

Kubvuma Refectory Church

Pakatarisana Belfry nokufungidzira refectory chechi, inova imwe wokutanga Russia mapurani tende zvivako. It yakavakwa 1525 uye ane rimwe divi rimwe chapero muchimiro chechi shongwe-zvakadai, ainzi mukukudza kutambudzirwa kutenda Diomede, uye pane dzimwe - kamuri of refectory wakati takwira padenga.

Rezasi chikamu mamongi vaishandisa imba zvinodiwa, apo yokumusoro imba yaiva refectory.

chechi iyi ichiyevedza adjoins arhimandritsky muviri, izvo pakutanga yakavakwa zvinodiwa muchivigiro chezvipo, asi muzana remakore rechi18 yakazova mhenyu Archimandrite, ikava chivako chokugara. Yakavakwa pezvakaita tsamba "G", dzimba ane yemapuranga maberere nokuti "promenade", icho chinotsigirwa mbiru ibwe.

Panguva nokufungidzira refectory chechi kupendwa mukati pamwe Pamifananidzo, vakasaita akapukunyuka kusvikira nhasi.

St. Nicholas chechi

Kereke yepakutanga Nikolaya Chudotvortsa rakaitirwa namatanda uye yakavakwa maererano pakuwedzera wemamongi ichiri pakutanga abbot. Sezvo wemamongi Saint Euthymius (Suzdal) zvakazivikanwa kure nemiganhu yayo, mamongi itsva dzakawanda vakauya kushumira Jehovha panzvimbo ino achitungamirirwa akachenjera wemazano.

Chechi Nikolaya Chudotvortsa rakanga pasi guru yakavanda, kuti refectory akanga dzakabatanidzwa payo, izvo zvinogona kutakura yakawanda vanhu kamwechete. Inonzi chipatara chechi, sezvo zvakanga pedyo napedyo kuti muviri pamwe masero kuti mamongi vanorwara uye uise vakokwa wemamongi.

Stone Church of St. Nicholas, zvivako ayo yakabatana chipatara, uye akamutswa muna 1669. Inoitwa chechi imwe chete-domed ine France kuti yakashongedzwa zakomary uye Trims pamwe itsva zvinhu.

Kereke rukaporeswa zviviri, uye mukutanga 2000s kwave rakatsiviwa zvachose remuti denga uye dzakapendwa yose France.

mausoleum Pozharskys

Wemamongi Saint Euthymius, vane kero iri: Vladimir Region, Suzdal, Lenin Street, 148a, akava nzvimbo ikafamba guru Russian gamba Dmitriya Pozharskogo uye mhuri yake. Akavigwa 1642, uye pamusoro pamarinda mwanakomana wake John, uye muzukuru Petr Hovansky, chikuru madzishe, akavaka guva. Zvisinei, pashure pemakore 100 akanganwa guva, akatanga kuwira yakapararawo, somugumisiro akanga namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara uye ibwe raishandiswa zvinodiwa wemamongi.

Muna 1851, nyanzvi yezvinocherwa mumatongo Count Uvarov akatungamirira pakundopambara kuti wemamonk Mutsvene Euthymius, uye ndiye vawana dzasara crypt nemana ibwe kumakuva. Vaviri vaiva mwanakomana uye muzukuru Dmitriya Pozharskogo, uye vaviri - gamba pachake uye wake.

Muna 1852, zvose kumarinda akazarurwa uye vachinzvera. Saka, zvaibvira pavakaziva ndeupi wavo Dmitry Pozharsky. Akanga chinozivikanwa zvishoma vakachengetedzwa zvipfeko.

Over dzasara requiem yokunamata inoitwa, pashure vose Makuva kuzodzosera yakavharwa, uye pamusoro pavo muna 1858 takatanga kuvaka mausoleum panguva behest chamambo Alexander 2. kuvaka kwaiitwa tichiregeredza mipiro yevanhu. Okugadza of mausoleum chaiitirwa mune 1885.

Panguva yaitonga Soviet Union guva rakaparadzwa zvakare, sezvo muna 1933, wemamonk Mutsvene Euthymius akava vakasungirwa zvematongerwo enyika.

Mumakore 70 remakore rechi20 riri panzvimbo kuvigwa Pozharsky chirangaridzo ibwe paakagadzwa, uye chete kubva 2007 vakatanga chaiyo kudzoreredzwa mausoleum pakati vasara zvirongwa, yokunyora nokudhirowa uye mifananidzo. Nhasi, ndiye chikamu mapurani zvakaoma pamusoro wemamonk.

mujeri Castle

Kubva 1766 kumonasitiri akaonekwa cellblock, kwakavakirwa chirevo Catherine 2. Pakutanga, rakanga raitirwa kuti vapanduki "anopenga", pakati pavo havana chete varimi, asi kuti vanhu veimba huru, somuenzaniso, Decembrist Prince Peter Shakhovskoy.

Gare gare, akanga akaronga kuti vafundisi pakutenda uye mapoka, uye kubva muna 1923 kusvika muna 1939, vava insulator vasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika.

Nhasi, ari masvingo izvi ndizvo miziyamu okuyeuka vasungwa sezvo nguva youmambo Russia uye Stalin kuti udzvanyiriri. Exposition of miziyamu mashoko nezvoupenyu, makore mujeri uye rufu kwayo "vagari" dzakakurumbira, pakati pavo vasayendisiti, kuipandukira uye avo wevafundisi.

pamapatya kunzwisisa

Vanonzi pamapatya kunzwisisa kuvaka, izvo dzimba masero zvemamongi '. Yakavakwa mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi17, ndiko kunyatsoteerera chivako, ndiyo chete kushongedzwa Trims vane itsva zviri pamusoro mahwindo.

Ichi chivako chine nhurikidzwa mbiri, yakavakwa muna Maumbirwe tsamba "G", rinopfuurira pamwe rokumabvazuva parusvingo wemamongi. masero Small vaiva nzvimbo oga mamongi, uye nhasi vanogona kuonekwa kuziva upenyu hwavo yemamongi panguva.

Shongwe uye masvingo

Wemamongi Saint Euthymius (mufananidzo inosimbisa izvi) kusvikira nhasi akaramba shongwe dzaro uye madziro. Vose zvavo, asi chiyamuro vane raundi chimiro pamwe pokunzvenga napo. Kunyange zvazvo madziro wemamongi dzakavakwa dzakakomberedza simba, havana kumbobvira pasi nhare.

Vavaki muzana remakore rechi17 apo vakatora kufungawo kuvakwa kwenzvimbo hwaakange Orthodox zvakaoma. Saka, rusvingo yakatarisana rwizi Kamenka, zvikuru pasi, asi kwete saka kurutivi rwezasi yakatarisana mupata. Pano, chidziro chisingazununguki yepamusoro zvikuru uye mukobvu, zviri kudzivisa moto pfuti.

Kureba 1200 metres vemasvingo, izvo pamazuva iwayo kwainzi chinokosha kuzvidzivirira chivako pokunzvenga napo, pokunzvenga napo uye akataura neshongwe.

Vladimir-Suzdal dzakaoma

Vladimir-Suzdal Historical Museum rakaumbwa muna 1958. Rinosanganisira mapurani Monuments of Old Russian mavakirwo muguta Vladimir, Suzdal uye Bogolyubov.

Wemamongi Saint Euthymius vakava rutivi miziyamu-kuchengeterwa muna 1968 ari murombo zvikuru mamiriro, sezvo kwemakore anopfuura 45 akanga ari mujeri enyika vasungwa, vechiduku vemhosva.

Kudzorerwa wemamongi akabvumira kuponesa ichi nhoroondo Monument pamusoro mapurani, iyo yava akashanyira nezviuru zvevashanyi kubva kunyika dzakasiyana.

yemamongi nhasi

varume vakaneta nhasi wemamonk Mutsvene Euthymius, ane kushanda maawa - kubva 10.00 kusvikira 18.00 (zuva ose kunze Monday), kunofadza vashanyi konzati mabhero ose awa uye vakawanda exposures.

Kubvira 1991, wemamongi akanga akanyorwa sezvo World Heritage kubudikidza UNESCO uye awana mamiriro dzemarudzi pachiyero miziyamu.