Chitsuwa ngano pamusoro Atlantis kupi?

Atlantis (chiGiriki: Ἀτλαντὶς νῆσος, Atlntis Island) - ngano rudzi chitsuwa kokutanga kutaurwa uye akarondedzera dzenhoroondo wechiGiriki Plato mu nhaurirano ake "waTimio" uye "Critias". Ndicho Atlantis uye apo iri, vakati kubva kutaurwa kutanga. Pfungwa iyi pfungwa dzakasiyana chaizvo nokuti vamwe ndicho chinhu matongo tsvakurudzo, vachimirira kuti yakawanikwa, munhu akarasika zivo remweya uye simba, kana zvichida asina kupfuura bhuku kwouzivi nezvengozi yebudiriro nourefu vayo kukura. Akaita Atlantis aiva, kana inongova chakatangwa Plato zvichida haana kuzivikanwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, pfungwa ivepo mberi kufuridzira uye zvinoshamisa vazhinji, wölf chido awane nguva kubudirira, kana kuti kudzokera kwairi.

Mavambo ngano

Tsananguro Atlantis kubudikidza Plato, izvo vaiona kuva wokutanga inowanikwa nhaurirano "waTimio, akange" uye "Critias", zvakanyorwa muna 360 BC. e. In yaSocrates chatiri munyori nhaurirano transmits nhoroondo yacho kuburikidza kutaura enyika Critias uye Hermocrates, uyewo vazivi Socrates uye waTimio. Pachitsuwa rudzi inoti Critias, kutanga "waTimio", muchidimbu kurondedzera guru "kuti mbiru Hercules", wakaputsika nokuda vaAtene pashure iye akaedza kukunda Europe uye Asia Minor. Ipapo Critias mberi rondedzero ane simba budiriro. The wezvematongerwe enyika anoti kuti nhoroondo yake muAtene yekare uye Atlantis kunokonzerwa kushanya kuIjipiti, vaAtene zvemitemo Solon muzana remakore rechitanhatu BC. e. Ikoko vakasangana mupristi Sais, uyo akashandura nhoroondo inotaura yekare, yakanyorwa pamusoro pemipumburu mu hieroglyphs reIjipiti, muchiGiriki.

Nhoroondo vapristi veIjipiti

Nyaya Yakataurwa vaprista Solon akanga asingazivikanwi. Maererano nezvinyorwa etemberi yekare muEgipita, vaAtene vakanga hondo namadzishe Atlantis anenge zviuru mapfumbamwe apfuura, uye akahwina nayo.

Ancient uye simba Madzimambo chitsuwa ngano vakaumba mubatanidzwa, nako vakakwanisa uye nevamwe zvitsuwa. Zvaakanga vakatanga hondo, vatongi vakatuma mauto Europe uye Asia. Kuti tidzivise kurwisa uku, vaAtene akaumba Panhellenic Union. Kana matambudziko okutanga adonha, uye vaAtene vakanga hondo chete. Nechisimba akanga akamira, uye ipapo akasunungurwa pamusoro peIjipiti uye dzimwe nyika aizokundwa vatongi Atlantis.

Nguva pfupi pashure pokukunda, vasati vadzoka kumusha vaAtene, chitsuwa rudzi kwave kuchiita nemafashamo kwenyika uye mafashamo, nepo isina anyangarika pasi mumvura. Maererano nengano, varume vose vakashinga vakanga takabatikana nezuva rimwe chete uye usiku chinokatyamadza. Ndicho chikonzero vaEgipita uye havana kuonga vokuAtene.

Uyezve, Plato rinotsanangura Atlantis nyaya inoratidza sei vatongi zvasvika padanho vaida kukunda nyika. Nyaya rakanyorwa Solon uye mumaoko mumhuri yake kusvikira kumarudzi namarudzi.

naMwari repartition

Maererano zvinyorwa Solon, nyaya chitsuwa ngano yakatanga pakutanga kwenguva. Panguva iyoyo vanamwari usingafi akaparadzanisa nyika pakati pavo, uye mumwe nomumwe akamhanya mugove wake. Mwari Poseidon akamuka Atlantis. Umo kusingajekeswi, asi kwaiva chitsuwa, kukura raiva hombe kupfuura Libya uye Asia zvabatanidzwa. Akasarudza aroore mukadzi anofa uye wake Cleito akavaka imba wevatongi venyika mamiriro.

Poseidon uye Cleito

Poseidon akavaka imba pachikomo pakati chitsuwa. Nemamiriro mvura yaro yakaita rusvingo pamusoro mubani rakaorera bordered pagungwa. Kuti adzivirire mudzimai wake anodikanwa Poseidon nyore uye iwe naMwari vakakomba imba yake pamwe concentric zvindori mashanu mvura uye ivhu. Hot uye kutonhora kiyi akarova kubva muvhu. With kukura muguta vagari vayo kumboshaya mvura.

Cleito akaberekera Poseidon vanakomana gumi, majoko mashanu pemapatya. Atlanta, mwanakomana wokutanga vaviri vokutanga, akava mubati munyika yakakura baba vake. hama dzake dzakagadzwa archons, rimwe nerimwe aidzora vakawanda mundima. The chinokosha chikamu ushe amai imba pamusoro pegomo uye nyika kumativi ose. In Atlanta akanga vanakomana vazhinji, uye chigaro ndokupfuura kumukuru wavo.

kubudirira rugare

Nokuti vazhinji Zvizvarwa Atlantis akaramba rugare uye yakabudirira. Zvinenge zvose zvinodiwa vaiva inopiwa zvimbambaira, minda Masango chacho. Chose usingabereki zvibereko, imupota. Izvi zvakakwanisika nokuti Canal yakavakwa, achipfuura ose zvindori kubva penyanza kunyikadzimu pakati, ivo Acropolis, apo mumuzinda akamira pedo neimba Poseidon uye Cleito. mutongi anotevedzana mumwe akaedza inodarika mugadzi wake nokuumba umambo kurei. Pakupedzisira, mumwe kwazvo guru uye guta chokunze ndokuwarira pamusoro hombe rwokunze.

mitemo Poseidon

Poseidon akagadza mitemo Atlantis, iyo vatongi vakanga vachiteerera. Dare rinodzora vanofanira kusangana nguva nenguva. Chaiva vamiririri gumi wevatongi vokutanga - Atlanta nehama dzake - vakanga simba mhedziso upenyu norufu pamusoro vaaitonga. Misangano vakatora nzvimbo mutemberi Poseidon, apo vatongi mitemo rokutanga rakanyorwa mbiru Orichalcum. Chokutanga, maererano nezvinodiwa rekare mhemberero, archons vaipanana zvipo. Ipapo chibayiro nzombe chitsvene. Ropa raiva yakavhenganiswa newaini, uye akadurura mumoto chiito sezvo acheneswe. Vatongi vakashumira waini vari kapu yendarama, vakaita chinonwiwa pamusoro moto uye mhiko kutora chisarudzo maererano waakaudzwa mitemo. Munhu wose vakanwa waini uye akatsaurira temberi yake mbiya. Izvi zvakateverwa kudya, uko vechikamu vakapfeka yakanaka yebhuruu zvipfeko. Ivo vanobvumirwa mibvunzo pamusoro umambo, maererano nemitemo Poseidon.

Paruvazhe vanamwari

Chero bedzi vatongi uye akaedza kurarama maererano nemitemo Poseidon, hurumende dzakawanda. Kana mitemo vakakanganikwa, mumatambudziko. Vatongi akatanga kuroorwa anofa uye vanorarama sezvinoita mapenzi. Ivo yakatsvairwa kuzvikudza, uye vakatanga kurwira zvakawanda simba. Ipapo Zeus aona zvakanga zvaitika: vatongi vakasiya mitemo vanamwari uye akatanga kuita konzati nevanhu. Akaunganidza vamwari vose Mount Olympus uye akanga achienda chisarudzo pamusoro Atlantis. Munyaya ino Plato vapedza.

Ndezvechokwadi Kana Kuti Ndezvokufungidzira?

Akanga ichi pamusoro chinangwa kana kwete, hapana munhu anoziva. Sezvo pasina munhu anoziva, Plato vatenda chaikoiko kwechitsuwa chacho, uye zvakanga chaiyo senhema. Vakawanda vanobvuma kuti munyori, uyo anoshandisa zvakawanda zvakadzama tsananguro yacho, vakatenda kwaari. Vamwe vakairamba, nekuratidza kuti nokuti nyaya iri yakachena chakatangwa Plato, akakwanisa kukwira mashoko vakawanda ndaida. Uye mubvunzo kwayo kudanana. Maererano Solon, chitsuwa iripo makore 9000 akapfuura. Izvi rinoenderana mangwanani Stone Age. Iyi zvakaoma kufungidzira kuvapo hwokurima, mapurani uye nepagungwa motokari, sezvinorondedzerwa nyaya. Imwe tsananguro nokuti kusawirirana iri nokusanzwisisana pakati Solon yokuIjipiti zviratidzo zvakafanana 100 1000. Kana zvakadaro, Atlantis ariko kwemakore 900 asati nguva chokurondedzera. Izvi unoenderana pakati Bronze Age, kana akazviratidza zvokushandisa uye midziyo zvakakodzera kuti vabudirire zvinorondedzerwa kukura.

vazivi vakawanda vekare vaiona Atlantis sezvo ingano, kusanganisira (maererano Strabo) Aristotle. Asi, paiva vazivi, geographers, vanyori venhau dzakaitika, akatora nhoroondo hwaPlato sezvadziri. Mumwe wavo aiva Krantor, mumwe mudzidzi Xenocrates mboni Plato, uyo aiedza kuwana uchapupu nezvokuvapo Atlantis. basa rake, tsanangudzo, "waTimio" akarasika, asi mumwe wenhoroondo dzekare, Proclus anoshuma kuti Krantor akaenda kuIjipiti uye chaizvoizvo akawana mbiru pamwe nhoroondo chitsuwa, yakanyorwa yekare muIjipiti. Sezvo vose mabasa ekare, zvakaoma rokuongorora gakava kuziviswa sezvo uchapupu vamwe pane zvakanyorwa, haana kurarama.

Second Troy?

Nokukakavara pamusoro iripiko Atlantis, kuguma namapfumbamwe remakore asati vaisanyanya inonetsa sezvo mushure kuwanikwa muna 1872 na Heinrich Schliemann akarasika guta Troy. Akaita izvi achibatsirwa "The rinonzi Iliad" uye "Odyssey" pakati Homer, saka zvaiva pachena kuti dzenhoroondo zvinyorwa kare vaiona ngano, chokwadi, ane dzimwe chokwadi chakarasika. Nyanzvi Ignatius Donnelly muna 1882 akabudisa bhuku "Atlantis: zviri antediluvian nyika," iyo dzinovhurika kufarira chitsuwa kunozivikanwa. Akanyorwa anotaura Plato aikoshesa uye vakaedza kumisa kuti zvose anozivikanwa mararamiro ekare vakanga vakabva yakakwirira neolithic tsika. Vamwe pfungwa zvikuru asina musoro pfungwa, Kutaura zvomweya zvinoumba Atlantis, kuabatanidza pamwe nyaya nevamwe yakarasika makondinendi akadai Mu uye Lemuria, yakakurumbira nhamba Theosophy kufamba, zvemidzimu uye kuwedzera Fani kuti "Age New".

mufananidzo hwaPlato

Masayendisiti Most yaramba kudavira Atlantis sezvo pfungwa chitendero, "New Century", tichifunga zvikuru anobata tsananguro ndiko kuti chitsuwa yave kungotaura Plato, kana yakavakirwa zvimwe anozivikanwa budiriro - Minoan. Chokwadi kuti muzivi wechiGiriki kazhinji achitaura moralizing nyaya pasi achinyepera zvekunyepera, zvakataurwa kutsigira maonero ichi. "Cave" zvichida ndiyo yakanakisisa kuvazivisa muenzaniso umo Plato anoenzanisira hunhu chokwadi. Masayendisiti kuyambira kuti pakududzira ngano iri kwayo kutsveyama. Zvingangoita kuti Plato akatumira kunyevera vokwake nezvengozi youmambo kuwedzera, enyika vavariro, kushevedzera kwamachinda uye kubata ruzivo hazvisi zvokuti azvipfumise.

The chokwadi pamusoro muzivi wechiGiriki vavariro kuramba anozivikanwa chete make, asi hapana munhu anogona nechokwadi rokufananidzira mukurumari nhoroondo yacho. Kana Atlantis haagoni kuva nzvimbo mumuviri, zvirokwazvo akawana nzvimbo zvayo yevanhu zvokufungidzira.

Hypotheses pamusoro nzvimbo

Arayirwa vemakumi uye zvichida mazana yokufungidzira pamusoro pana Atlantis kusvikira nguva yakadai zita haana kuva zita nevakawanda, hauna ukama chete chaiyo (zvichida vechokwadi) womuenzaniso. Izvi zvinoratidzwa chokuti aronga nzvimbo zhinji kazhinji havasi riri muAtlantic Ocean. Vakawanda vanoti nzvimbo kupawo vamwe zvinhu nhoroondo chitsuwa ngano (mvura, aiparadza magumo, akakodzera nguva), asi pakupedzisira haana vakaratidza kuti uyu ndiye Atlantis wechokwadi. Aripiko (mufananidzo wake, nezvikonzero pachena, hatigoni kupa) zvimwe kupfuura nzvimbo yayo nzvimbo, unogona kuona kubva pamazita dzakakurumbira kusarudza. Vamwe vavo zvesayenzi kana matongo hypotheses, apo vamwe zvakasikwa pseudoscientific nzira.

Mediterranean Atlantis

Apo chitsuwa kunozivikanwa, yakawanda guessing iri. Most richaitirwa nzvimbo yaiva mukati kana pedyo neGungwa reMediterranean, kana zvitsuwa akadai Sardinia, Krete, Santorini, Cyprus kana Marita.

Kuputika musi Feret, kudanana kubva nemanomwe uye neshanu remakore BC, akakonzera hombe tsunami, izvo, maererano pfungwa kuisa mberi nokuda nyanzvi, vakaparadza Minoan kwebudiriro pachitsuwa pedyo cheKrete. Njodzi iyi aigona kukurudzira kwaita ngano Atlantis. Vanotsigira kumbotipa chokwadi kuti vaIjipiti vaishandisa muronga karenda inobva mwedzi, uye vaGiriki - zuva, yakavakirwa makore. Naizvozvo zvinoita kuti nguva zvichishandurwa sezvo mapfumbamwe chemakore, chokwadi, anoenderana 9000 mwedzi, rikaisa kuparadzwa Atlantis kuti mumakore anenge mazana 7.

Santorini

Volcanic kuputika pachitsuwa muMediterranean Santorini munguva panguva Minoan budiriro, Ungangove yakakonzerwa dambudziko akaparadza Atlantis. The chikuru kutsoropodzwa pfungwa iri kuti vaGiriki vekare vaiva anonyatsoziva anoputika, uye kana paiva kuputika, yaizovawo kutaura aripo ichi. Uyewo, Farao Amenhotep III akarayira nhume yake kunoona guta, yakapoteredza Krete, uye akavawana inogarwa, apo inonzi yakaparadzwa zvachose.

Spartel

Chimwe pfungwa inobva pakusikwazve reMediterranean nzvimbo panguva Atlantis huchiripo. Apo iye akanga Plato anotaura - kunze mbiru Hercules. Saka isu akatumidza Strait of Gibraltar, unobva Gungwa reMediterranean pamwe Atlantic Ocean. zviuru gumi apfuura, wegungwa yaiva 130 metres yakaderera, uye ari panjodzi yakanga nhevedzano zvitsuwa. Mumwe wavo, Spartel, ndiye Atlantis, apo Akanyura, kunyange zvazvo pane dzimwe zvinopikisana nemashoko hwaPlato Bhaibheri.

Sardinia

Muna 2002, imwe wenhau Italian Sergio Frau yakabudisa bhuku "mbiru Hercules" maakataura kuti pamberi Eratosthenes vakanyora zvose Greek kuti vapiwe vari Sicilian Strait, uye danidziro Aleksandra Velikogo kuMabvazuva vanosungirwa Eratosthenes mu nokurondedzera nyika kuenda mapango kuna Gibraltar. Maererano chinyorwa chake, pakanga Atlantis, inova nhasi Sardinia. Zvechokwadi, kuti Tsunami yakabereka kuparadzwa nemafashamo pachitsuwa, achiparadza nuragiyskuyu inoshamisa budiriro. Several vakapona akatamira kune pedyo Italic kweItari, akavamba Etruscan tsika, iyo yakava hwaro zvapedzisira yeRoma, apo vamwe vakapukunyuka vakanga chikamu "Vanhu Sea", vanorwisa Egipita.

MuMediterranean

Kunze Mediterranean Antarctica akaisa kumativi ose enyika - kubva Ireland uye kuSweden Indonesia uye Japan. Vakawanda dzidziso idzi dzinobva hazvigutsi uchapupu. Vaviri zvikuru akataura pamusoro nzvimbo dziri muCaribbean uye Antarctica.

Bimini Road - mungarava Atlantis?

Uripiko Bermuda Triangle sokuti kuziva zvose. kazhinji chokuita risingazivikanwi zviitiko muCaribbean akataura pemvura zvivako, rinonzi Bimini mugwagwa rakawanikwa pedyo vezvikepe vari Kuma1960. Bimini Road rinoumbwa matombo makuru yakarongwa zviviri nepadivi mitsara isina kudzika mvura kuti makiromita mashoma kubva pachitsuwa Bimini. Kutumira akawanda dzakaitwa kuedza kuratidza kana kusaratidza anthropogenic matangiro idzodzo izvi uye zvimwe kushamwaridzana navo Atlantis. Masayendisiti Most, kunyanya Vanodzidza vakawana uchapupu sabatsira kana vakasvika pakugumisa kuti chinhu dzinongoitika kutanga. Zvisinei, vamwe, nharo zvakasimba kuti dombo iri zvakafanana, ichibata uye nemaune kuva nyore chigadzirwa zvakasikwa. Chero zvazvingava, pasina zvimwe zvasara, izvo zvaizoita kusimbisa kuti mugwagwa inoenda kuchitsuwa mungarava, zvakawanikwa.

Antarctica

Pfungwa yokuti Antarctica - nzvimbo Atlantis (mufananidzo) kamwe akanyura, akanga kunyanya yakakurumbira 1960-1970. Iye zvakafadza nganonyorwa Lovecraft kuti "makomo Upengo", uye Piri Kings mepu, izvo inonzi zvinoratidza Antarctica ichi, chero kwakanga kusina chando, saka kusvikira cheruzivo kumwedzi. Charles Berlitz, Erich of Daniken uye Peter Kolosimo vaiva pakati dzakakurumbira vanyori vakaita chinhu kubvuma izvozvo. Kunyange zvakadaro, dzidziso Continental vasakukurwa anopesana pfungwa iyi, nekuti muupenyu Plato, Antarctica yaiva aripo nzvimbo uye rakaramba ayo yaisazoraramika ekunze. Asi dzorudo unexplored nharaunda zvinowanisa yakawanda pfungwa, kufanana Atlantis, uye kusvikira nhasi.

Pop Culture

Research uye kuwanikwa mumaguta refu-vakarasika uye dzomunyika ndiyo nyaya isina chokuita nzvimbo kana nguva iri dzakakurumbira zvokufungidzira. Atlantis akava chitsuwa womweya, ane zita zvakazoonekwa kuti uve muganhu vose mamwe maguta vakarasika. Kutaurwa nezvazvo varipo ose mabhuku Genres, kubva mabasa Renaissance kuti ano renyaya, zvokufungidzira, matongo uye kwesayenzi mapepa, bhuku "New Age." Terevhizheni uye mabhaisikopo akashandisawo runako Atlantis. Nhema kwave kuedza zvokuti rimwe mumahotera kupfuura vari Bahamas, Atlantis Paradise Island Resort, asi uyai razova nyaya yakarasika guta.

The kufamba "Age New", pane avo vanodavira kuti Atlantis, kwaiva yemazuva ano yemhando nebudiriro, kuzvidzora destructed nokuti kufambira mberi, kana chii akashandisa wavatorwa rwokugadzira. pfungwa yakafanana vakanga vaiti uye dzimwe tsika dzakare, sezvo vakawanda vakatendeka, "New Age" kuvimbisa chokubatanidza siyana asinganzwisisiki mananara mune imwe pfungwa. Pakupedzisira, achiita kukurukurwa izvo Atlantis, apo chitsuwa ichi mungarava - vapupurire kusingaperi kuziva kwevanhu uye chido kuti kugutsikana chiratidzo kuitika munyika, uye kuramba kutsvaka uye kuwana zvakavanzika yakarasika nyika yedu kare.