Russian painter, tenzi Pamifananidzo uye nezvidhori Gury Nikitin: Biography, okugadzira zvinhu uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Russia agara inozivikanwa kwayo akapfuma tsika uye guru siyana matarenda. Gury Nikitin - chimwe chezvinhu rakakurumbira uye kukosha mukufambisira Russian kupenda uye iconography. Life uye Basa rake kwakaitika XVII remakore uye akasiya chinopenya aitodada munhau tsika Russia. Kunyange zvazvo uchapupu the artist, iyo vaburukira nhasi, sketchy chaizvo, basa rake, nomumwe manyorerwo nguva dzose kuramba yakakwirira hwomudzimu yokupedzisira iyo sezvivako.

Biography

Musi chaiwo wakazvarwa harizivikanwi Gury Nikitin. Nehasha waiva pakutanga kwegore 1620/1625. The musha guta ramangwana Artist raiva Kostroma. Nikitin - ndiye rekunyepedzera womufananidzo, kana pane, pakati zita (Nikitich - Nikitin). zita rake chairo - Kineshemtsev. Asati Rusimudzirwo wake unyanzvi, achisimudzira zvinoverengeka zvitoro chitoro mu munyu uye hove pamisara.

mhuri

Baba Gury Nikitin (Nikita Kineshemtsev) akafa muna 1653 panguva denda, saka musoro mai rakanga Solomonic mhuri. In mukoma Guria yaRuka, kana sezvo rainzi kumba, Auchka. Akanga paaivatambudza shoemaking.

Kuwedzera mai vake uye hanzvadzi, muna Guria vakanga vari mukoma nomunun'una Michael uye Fedor. Ivo vaiva shoroma vanhu. Pashure porufu rwavo Gury Nikitin nhaka mamwe zvitoro guta riri Fur, amakwai uye hove pamisara.

About ake pachake upenyu iconographer anozivikanwa nokuda nechokwadi chokuti akanga asina kuroorwa uye vasina vana. Izvi runoratidzwa ane kupinda mubhuku Landratskoy akaita refu pashure pokufa kwake. It rinoti chaiwo gore rufu icon painter (1691) uye kushaya venhaka.

zvisikwa

Gury Nikitin kubvira pazera duku kuti okusika tarenda. Apo akadzidziswa, haina kuzivikanwa. Chikuru dzendege basa rake VG Bruce inoti kuti mudzidzisi Nikitin aigona kuva Vasily Ilyin - Kostroma anozivikanwa Artist uye painter nguva.

Asi munzira dzakawanda akapa kuti kusimudzira mai okusika yemberi iconographer. Achinyatsotaurira munyika yavo, muduku Guri akanga akanaka musha, zvokudya, uye mhuri noushamwari. Uye dzakaoma kuti pave vakadzi yakafanana Russian vakasiya pasina rutsigiro, zvakanga zvakaoma. Gare gare, mufananidzo vakadzi uye vanaamai vachagamuchira kanoda basa Nikitin.

nzira yake iwe zvakanga zvisiri nyore. Pashure Guri aibva nyore mhuri imwe anobatwa kirasi, kure iconography. Wandei ruzivo womufananidzo vakagamuchira apo chikamu Purazi vakarondedzera Kostroma Moscow machechi (Trinity Church, Cathedral Ngirozi Huru muna Moscow Kremlin). Kuwedzera vemifananidzo kubva Kostroma, ipapo aishanda matarenda Painters pamusoro Yaroslavl, Novgorod, Moscow.

Iyi huru rokusika kwebasa yaitonga kwaiva Nikitin wokutanga zvakasimba danho munhoroondo art. Akaratidza sezvo nyanzvi pakuridza rokupenda, Guri akagamuchira mapepa akawanda kubva machechi Russian Orthodox uye chevaux Alexei Mikhailovich nokuda murals uye kunyora / kudzorera kwemifananidzo.

nomumwe Style

Achitaura pamusoro ukuru uye Chirevo Russian kuvake painting, vatsoropodzi nguva dzose dzinotaura kuti rakasiyana shasha yakanga Gury Nikitin. Mifananidzo yake - ndiko rakasiyana kunovhengana kuti decorativism uye monumentality mune imwe chigadzirwa. Haasi masanga maruva kuti okugadzira zvinhu ake rakaenderana kuwedzera decoration uye wokuratidza uri kuRussia (hafu wechipiri XVII remakore.)

All basa chinoshamisa Artist uye kuvake painter ane basa rakasiyana nemamwe maitiro, nomumwe maitiro. Iye anovaka murwiyo emifananidzo panheyo isina nohwake symmetry, vakashandisa kusiyanisa chiedza uye pamumvuri. Vatsoropodzi vanoti yomukati rinomutsa, pfungwa mutinhimira mu varwere mifananidzo. Mukuwedzera, Pamifananidzo Gury Nikitin kufukidza zvakawanda mavara, iyo zvechokwadi runogonesa kuti decoration zvinokonzerwa nziyo.

kosha mabasa

Taurai wokutanga pazvisikwa zvinoyevedza Nikitin rinoreva 1650. Rinobatanidzwa kupenda paberere wesangano Kumuka Holy Trinity Cathedral muna Kostroma. Most nomukurumbira Pamifananidzo Gury Nikitin pa Holy Cross Cathedral muna Romanov (zvino Tutaev) (pemha. 1650-ies.), Mune Danilov yemamongi Pereslavl (1662-68gg.), Panguva Cathedral of kubvuma (Rostov Kremlin, 1670) uye Church Eriya muporofita (Yaroslavl, 1680). uye zororo mifananidzo ainyorwa yokupedzisira Nikitin.

1666 aiva akaoma, akatendeuka nguva yokuti chechi weRussia. Nikitin akatora Zvinoshingaira mubasa vavakezve Cathedral wacho mifananidzo. Maoko ake amene mifananidzo varwi anourayirwa kutenda uye wandei zvimedu akakura sezvamunoita "Kutongwa Kwokupedzisira,".

iconography

House painter uye kuvake painter, akanga asiri kure Cathedral of Epiphany. Chokwadi, chokwadi ichi chinobatanidzwa zvakananga kushongedzwa temberi Guria. Unonyanya unoshamisa mifananidzo, mifananidzo Gury Nikitin nokuti Church makore 1667-1672.

Mumakore aya akanyora nomusaipresi rinopeta mifananidzo basa naMambokadzi Mary Ilinichny. The sezvamunoita chaipiwa kwavari nenzira iyo nzvimbo akaratidzwa mufananidzo Mhandara Kazan, kurudyi - Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, uye kuruboshwe - Vakaurawa pakati Agrippina uye Evdokia. Uyewo wakasikwa mifananidzo zvinomwe Patriarch muAndiyoki Macarius.

A yakawanda kuzvidhori ainyorwa pedyo Nikitin nokuda kubvuma Cathedral. Pakati pavo: "Kutongwa Kwokupedzisira,", "semhanza", "dzinza Mutsvene. Mweya "," Kazan zvishamiso. "

basa rake rokupedzisira runoonekwa kuva mufananidzo "Old Testament Utatu" Gury Nikitin kuti Trinity-Sypanovskogo Cathedral muna Kostroma, akanyorwa muna 1690.

vaiti mabasa

Kune vakawanda, rikava mabasa ane rakanyorwa iri anonzi kuna Gury Nikitin. Zvisinei, havana kugamuchira Attribution yakakwana. Izvi zvinosanganisira "Theodore Icon of Amai vaMwari pamwechete ngano" (1680), "Martyrs Kirik uye Iulita" (1680s), "The Elevation Muchinjikwa" uye tuore of Ipatiev Monastery iri Kostroma. Maererano zvinyorwa, vamwe vavo (semuenzaniso, "Theodore Icon ...") haana zvakanaka mabasa the artist, uye basa kudzorerwa nyanzvi pakati vamutangira.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Gury Nikitin vaigara umhandara uye kusawana, asi mhuri yake haina kuva vafundisi yekare. Hongu, uye painter havana kutora mhiko. Chisarudzo ichi yakaramba isingazivikanwi kusvikira vakararama womufananidzo wacho. Zvisinei, chokurangaridza rekodhi mhando Nikitin pashure musi rufu baba mhuri chakapiwa zita Helena-skhimnitsy. The vatsvakurudzi vanoti ichi zita kereke Guria mai (Solomonic), iri kare vari kukwegura akaenda wemamongi.

Muna a1659, apo Moscow akabvunza matarenda Painters kuti mufananidzo pamusoro Church, kubva Kostroma Ndakaenda Yemelyan Pushkarev. Zvisinei, akanga kwazvo netsoka, uye pasina nguva akanga amudzosera. On adzoka akakurudzira anoverengeka vanatenzi-vomunyika, pakati pavo pakange Gury Nikitin. The Artist yakabudirira vakapfuura advertising, uye muna 1660 vakagamuchira chinzvimbo zvomufananidzo rokupenda I nyaya.

Gury Nikitin aiva mutariri (kana foromani) Artel Kostroma Painters. Pasinei anoverengeka ropafadzo nokuda pambiru, yokudhirowa kubatwa zvakakomba chaizvo mubasa ravo uye haigoni kutenga kuzorodzwa, kushanda imwe ndima nevezera uye kunyange zvakawanda. Kana zvichiita Ipatiev Monastery uye Church raEria muporofita, iye achironga contours pachako Pamifananidzo dzavo ramangwana uye dorisovki akasiya vadzidzi.

The zita "Guri" rinoreva chaizvoizvo "murwere mushandi." Zvakanga zvakadai uye Gury Nikitin. Biography wake patchy, asi ndangariro vakararama panguva dzinoti painter aiva wakazvipira uye anotya Mwari-munhu. By kunyora mifananidzo nguva dzose aswedera musoro uye unyanzvi uye pakunamata divi. Nyaya paakatanga kunyora mufananidzo Our Lady of Theodore Akapiwa, pashure kureurura uye nechirairo. Gare gare, panguva nomudungwe muna Yaroslavl dzechitendero, mufananidzo uyu akaratidza zvishamiso zvokuporesa.

Gury Nikitin kazhinji zvakakodzera kudzorera tsaru mifananidzo uye murals. Iye kutarisira nhaka netsika uye dzakaitika, saka chengeta izvi manyorero zviri basa vamutangira, zvose nhamba huru uye kufamba kuzvidzora. Ndokusaka vamwe mabasa rokupenda akaramba kuzivikanwa.

Vatsoropodzi Rank Gury Nikitin zita ndandanda guru Russian kuvake Painters. Pamwe chete Theophanes rechiGiriki, Andrei Rublev uye Simon Ushakov , akanga ane zvakawanda pamusoro pemafungiro Russian iconography uye kodzero ndakawana nzvimbo rukudzo pakati vatenzi kuti basa ravo.

nhasi

Vazhinji ounyanzvi Gury Nikitin akapona. Chinonyanya zvakawanda uye zvinokosha pamba womufananidzo wacho Kostroma. Saka, iye zvino Utatu Ipatiev uye machechi unogona kuwana kushanyira uye kudzidza pamusoro yakasiyana Zvivako wokuRussia mapurani uye kupenda. The centerpiece Chokwadi, yakapiwa kudzokorora Pamifananidzo Gury Nikitin.