The Republic of Kazakhstan: kumatunhu uye mamiriro avo

The Republic of Kazakhstan - mumwe vaizotibata zvikuru zvichiitika Nyika Central Asia. It riri mumwoyo yacho uye ndiyo rechi9 pakukura munyika kubudikidza munharaunda. Uyu mamiriro ane akapfuma nhoroondo, picturesque nharaunda, tsika chinonakidza uye hariperi zviwanikwa. List pamusoro kumatunhu Kazakhstan uye tsanangudzo neimwe inogona kuverenga gare gare munyaya ino.

Kumatunhu Kazakhstan (zvishoma)

Nyika ine 5 kumatunhu, mumwe nomumwe iri rakasiyana yazvo nenzira.

1. West - chikuru nzvimbo munyika. Zvinosanganisira nzvimbo mana. Total kwevanhu - vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 2.1. By nharaunda, nharaunda ndokwenguva nzvimbo kusvika 730 sq. M. ? km.
2. North - huru zvoupfumi nharaunda. Zviri musha kaviri sezvo vanhu vazhinji kupfuura vari West (vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 4.4.). Inoitwa munzvimbo mana. Nzvimbo munzvimbo - vanopfuura zviuru 565 ba M.. ? km.
3. South - nharaunda ine dzakabudirira zvokurima uye indasitiri. By nharaunda, ndiko zvishoma muduku West (712 zviuru. Ba. Km.). Asi mashoko zvokuwedzera, nharaunda kunoitika pakutanga - vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 6.3. Inoitwa munzvimbo mana.
4. East - ine Kunoumbwa imwe soumambo. It ndokwenguva nzvimbo 380 zviuru ba. M. ? km. Hazvina musha vanhu vanoda kusvika mamiriyoni 2,7 kusvika.
5. Central - pfuma yemashoko zvicherwa. Inoitwa chete munhu nzvimbo, riri munzvimbo zvishoma zvishoma pane 320 sq. M. ? km rine vanhu vanhu vanoda kusvika mamiriyoni 2.

kuchamhembe Kazakhstan

Rakakamurwa 4 munzvimbo: Kostanai, North Kazakhstan, Pavlodar, kaganhurana Russia kuchamhembe, uye Akmola, apo guta guru reRepublic - Astana. Iye - remasangano mudunhu. Ndirwowo pakukura guta riri pakati Kostanay, North Kazakhstan, Pavlodar uye Akmola oblasts - Kostanai, Petropavlovsk, Pavlodar uye Kokshetau, ukuwo.

North Kazakhstan haagoni kunzi mukuru-mvura, uyewo nyika yose. Pano Anomhanyira 3 zvikuru nzizi Irtysh, Tobol uye Ishim. Pamahombekombe yokupedzisira ndiro guta guru. A nzvimbo duku pakati munzvimbo inogarwa nemipaini masango uye zvikomo. Zvisinei, nzvimbo huru inogarwa sandara inowanzorimwa: Kazakh Uplands, West Siberian Plain uye Turgai rwenze.

Northern Kazakhstan anonzi "breadbasket yose nyika", nekuti pano kupfuura mune dzimwe nharaunda, kukura zvokurima. Hazvina akapfuma uye zvicherwa. Pano kugadzira simbi uye mhangura mhangura, marasha, ndarama, bauxite, asbestos, reraimu, Goldstone jecha, uye zvakawanda. Uyewo mudunhu yakatanga michina, uye peturu kugadzirwa.

Kazakhstan ari zvikuru Continental okunze ari kuchamhembe sezvazviri zvikuru utsinye. Asi, pasinei ichi, zviri pamba kusvika kota vomuSouth, uye tiri yakawanda revashanyi vanoda kushanyira kuchengeterwa Naurzum kana plesieroorde Burabai uye Bayanaul nguva dzose.

East Kazakhstan

Nharaunda chinomirirwa East Kazakhstan nharaunda uye miganhu Russia kuchamhembe uye China kumabvazuva. The pakukura guta - muzinda Ust-Kamenogorsk nharaunda uye guta Semey.

The rokuyamura zvakasiyana-siyana. Kunze pamapani ari steppes, vari dzinounzwa kalba muhomba Saur-Tarbagatai uye Mountains Altai. Heino Belukha - soro gomo Altai. Unogonawo kuwana Zvikwenzi Mafuro, masango uye taiga.

Munharaunda iyi zvinonzi dzichiitika anenge 40% yemvura pfuma yacho. Kudeuka rwizi ndiye Irtysh nharaunda, izvo ndokuisa Bukhtarma, Ulbinskaya Shulbinskaya uye Hydroelectric simba. Zvisinei, izvi handizvo chete munharaunda tsinga. Kuwedzera Irtysh, pane kuitika mashoma nzizi hombe Ulba, Bukhtarma, Char, Kurchum, Narym, Uba. Uyewo, munharaunda ino pane miviri hombe remvura akadai Zaisan, Markakol, Alakol uye Sasykkol. Total 1200 munharaunda nzizi uye madhamu makuru 18.

East Kazakhstan - kupfuura maindasitiri munharaunda nyika. Mumatanda mutobvu, ndarama, sirivha, zingi, mhangura, titanium, magnesium, uye dzimwe simbi zhinji havana kuenzana ari Kishi. Ichi chiri imwe nyika yakadai Kazakhstan. Regions dzimwe nyika anozvikudza kukura simba rakadaro kubva mugodhi indasitiri. It inoshandisa zvinopfuura 1,000 kugadzira Enterprises. Kumabvazuva, zvakanaka kunyatsobudirira zvokurima, uye Altay uchi anogadzirwa East Kazakhstan nharaunda, kuonekwa imwe chakanakisisa munyika.

West Kazakhstan

nharaunda iri riri Central Asia uye Eastern Europe, sezvo pano pamwe Makomo Ural uye kuchamhembe kwemhenderekedzo kweGungwa reCaspian ndiwo muganhu pakati penhindi maviri nyika - Asia uye Europe. Izvi zvakasiyana Western Kazakhstan. Kumatunhu nazvo rinoumbwa: Aktobe, West Kazakhstan, Mangistau uye Atyrau. Kuchamhembe-kumadokero kwayo Miganhu Russia, uye kumaodzanyemba - pamwe Turkmenistan uye Uzbekistan. Maguta pakukura (administrative nzvimbo): Atyrau (Atyrau Oblast.), Aktobe (Aktobe nharaunda.), Aktau (Mangistau mudunhu.) Uye Uralsk (West Kazakhstan mudunhu.).

In kumavirira, nharaunda iri bordered parutivi kupfuura gungwa munyika - kweGungwa reCaspian uye kumabvazuva - kweGungwa Aral. Uyezve, pane kuitika nzizi zvakadai makuru sezvakaita Urals, Volga, Emba. Pakuurayiwa zvokuyamura nharaunda chinomiririrwa sandara steppes, sezvo riri pamusoro East European Plain. North Sea reCaspian runopoteredza nyika reCaspian yamapani, kumhenderekedzo yokumabvazuva Peninsula, pane 2: Mangyshlak uye Buzachi, izvo dzinopera kupinda Ustyurt rwenze.

In littoral nzvimbo okunze ari munhu munyoro, mune huru imwe ndima nharaunda - iri zvikuru Continental. Vagari arambe achirema dererei zvikuru kupfuura dzimwe nzvimbo - vagari 3,4 chete / km². Ndicho Kazakh vaitaura munharaunda nyika: zvemo vanhu pano ¾ vemo.

Western Kazakhstan - zvikuru gasi uye mafuta inobereka nzvimbo munyika. Heano mamwe makurusa minda mafuta uye gasi: Tengiz, Karachaganak uye Kashagan. Uyezve, ndima kunokudziridzwa zvakanaka hove indasitiri munyika Kazakhstan. Regions dzimwe nzvimbo kudaro zvinozivikanwa munyika fishery ichi.

Central Kazakhstan

Nharaunda hunomiririrwa rimwe remasangano munyika nzvimbo - kuKaraganda, wayo muzinda muguta kuKaraganda.

The rokuyamura zvakasiyana-siyana: kuchamhembe - Kazakh Uplands, kumaodzanyemba - Lake Balkhash, kumaodzanyemba - the steppes uye Semi-mumarenje, makomo akareba - Karkaraly, Kent, Ku, Ulytau. Ndiyo nzvimbo yakaderera-mvura. Okunze ndiko akaoma chaizvo.

Central Kazakhstan kana Sary-Arka, sezvo vakadana vagere munzvimbo - rinozivikanwa marasha mugodhi. Pano mumwe deposits kupfuura - the kuKaraganda marasha bheseni. Uyewo mudunhu yakatanga michina, zvipfuwo zvokurima uye simbi.

South Kazakhstan

Ndicho yakakurumbira kudarika dzimwe nharaunda yacho. It anoudzawo miganhu Uzbekistan uye Kyrgyzstan kusvika kumaodzanyemba uye China kumabvazuva. It rinoumbwa kumunda: Zhambyl, South Kazakhstan, Kyzylorda uye Almaty. Heino chikuru pakati muKazakhstan - Almaty. Uyewo kumaguta makuru zvinosanganisira Shymkent, Taldykorgan, Taraz uye Kyzylorda. In Kyzylorda Oblast ndiro guta rokutanga uye pakukura munyika cosmodrome Baikonur.

Water zvinhu zviri vanoiswa muAtlantic - kunyanya kusimbiswa kumaodzanyemba. Pane Zhetysu - Valley Nomwe Rivers, kana Seven Rivers. Mukuwedzera, rwezasi Lake Issyk-Kul, uye nomumichinjiziri yemakomo Jungar Alatau uye vazhinji National Parks, akadai Aksu-Zhabagly. Riri pamuganhu China uye Kyrgyzstan ndiye Khan Tengri Peak - mumwe panhongonya dzawo dzose Tiến Shan. Zviri zvinokwezva izvi anokwezva vashanyi kuna Kazakhstan.

Kumatunhu chikamu ichi munyika, iri kuchamhembe, guru chikamu ine mumarenje uye steppes, kumaodzanyemba nyika yakaorera, saka hapana zvakanaka dzakabudirira kurima. Kukura zvokurima kunoitawo kuti zvikuru munyoro ezvinhu pane dzimwe nzvimbo.