The Roman Catholic Church: kare, description, uye musoro mutsvene

Zvichida mumwe kupfuura machechi echiKristu ndiyo yeRoma Katurike. It diverged kubva mukuru nechokugedhi chiKristu kunyange kure emakore okutanga parinowanika. Shoko "Catholic" rinobva pashoko rechiGiriki rokuti "yezvisikwa" kana "zvakasikwa". Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko pamusoro pemavambo kereke, uyewo mamiriro ayo isu munyaya ino.

mavambo

History of Roman Catholic Church kunotanga 1054, apo chiitiko chakaitika, iyo yakaramba yenhau inonzi "Schism Great". Nepo Makatorike regai kuramba kuti zvose zviitiko pamberi paradzanisa - uye nhoroondo dzavo. Just kubva nguva vakaenda nenzira yavo. Mugore iroro Patriarch uye Papa vakatsinhanisa tsamba dzokutyisidzira uye akatengesa mumwe rushambwa. Pashure paizvozvo chiKristu pakupedzisira akatsemura uye vakaumba dzenzvimbo maviri - Orthodoxy uye yeRoma.

Somugumisiro vanorambana vekereke yaKristu vakamira panze Western (Catholic) mirayiridzo, waiva pakati Rome, uye Eastern (Orthodox), icharwirwa Constantinople. Chokwadi, chikonzero pachena kuti ichi zviitiko zvaiva kusiyana vasaomerere uye dzakafuridzirwa nyaya, uyewo tsika uye chirango, iro rakatanga nguva refu kuti zuva. Uye gore rino, kwacho uye kusanzwisisa kwakanyanyisa.

Zvisinei, chokwadi ndechokuti aiva zvikuru zvakadzika, uye kuti akanga kwete kusiyana nevanhu uye canons, asiwo zvatinosiita nebope pakati vatongi (kunyange kereke) panyaya nyika ichangobva kubhabhatidzwa. Uyewo ari kushorwa zvikuru zvakasimba kuchinjwa dzisakarurama nzvimbo napapa uye bhishopi weConstantinople, semubairo weboka hweRoma, yakanga rakatsemuka kuva mativi maviri - East uye West.

Nechokumabvazuva iri yakareba kuramba kwavo rusununguko, saka Patriarch, kunyange zvazvo akanga aidzorwa mambo, asi akanga nedziviriro nechiso ehurumende. West uyewo kuvapo kare muna V remakore, Papa akagamuchira rusununguko, asiwo mukana kurwisa fuza rinoti yakabuda yaimbova Western hweRoma. Chete ari pakati VIII remakore, Papa akapa nyika, iyo yaibva zvinoita rokunyika changamire.

Kupararira kuitika echiKaturike

To musi, yeRoma - ndirwo vakawanda nebazi chiKristu, izvo vakapararira pasi pose. Nokuti gore ra2007 pasi redu, pane vanenge mabhiriyoni 1.147 vaKaturike. Nhamba huru vavo vari Europe, apo nyika dzakawanda chitendero ichi ndiwo mamiriro kana kudzikunda vamwe (France, Spain, Italy, Belgium, Austria, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Poland, uye vamwe.).

KuAmerica, vaKaturike vakapararira kwose kwose. Sevateveri chitendero ichi chinogona kuwanika kondinendi Asian - muPhilippines, East Timor, China, South Korea, Vietnam. Munyika vaMuslim, vakawanda vaKaturike, asi vakawanda vavo vanogara Rebhanoni. Vanodawo zvakajairika pamusoro kondinendi African (kubvira 110 kusvika mamiriyoni 175).

Internal utariri chiumbu cheKereke

Zvino zvakafanira kuti funga chii administrative chairema achitungamirirwa chiKristu. Pope yeRoma Catholic Church - ndiro simba kupfuura vakuru vakuru, uyewo chepasi pamusoro pevamwe uye nevafundisi. Kusarudzwa musoro yeRoma Katurike vari conclave iri College of vafundisi. Kazhinji, anoramba masimba ayo kusvikira pakuguma hwake, kunze chepamutemo kuzvinyima. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Catholic achidzidzisa Pope anonzi mugamuchiri hwoMuapostora Peter (uye iye, muchipa Jesu akarayira kuti vatarisire kereke yose), saka simba rayo uye zvisarudzo havakanganisi uye ndeechokwadi.

Uyezve, muna mamiriro chechi ine zvinotevera nzvimbo:

• Bishop, mupristi, mudhikoni - ukuru vapristi.
• Cardinal, Archbishop, primate, Metropolitan, etc. - Ecclesiastical madhigirii uye nzvimbo (pane zvakawanda).

Miganhu dzakabatana muna chiKaturike zvinotevera:

• Machechi nomumwe akadana eparchies, kana dioceses. Bishop vanotu- pano.
• Special Diocese inokosha, akadana Archdiocese. Rinotungamirirwa dzavo Archbishop.
• Machechi avo izvo havana chinzvimbo pamusoro diocese (nokuti chero chikonzero), inonzi nevaapostora dzekushumira.
• dioceses vanoverengeka pamwe chete vanonzi Metropolitan. pakati wavo ndiye diocese, bhishopu ane chinzvimbo Metropolitan.
• Parishes - ndiyo nheyo yekereke ose. Vari aumba mukati chete nzvimbo (semuenzaniso, taundi duku) kana nokuda vakawanda rudzi, mutauro kupesana.

Aripo chechi yemichato

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti yeRoma Katurike ine musiyano netsika panguva basa (asi ichiripo kubatana mukutenda uye tsika). Zvinotevera dzakakurumbira tsika:

• Latin;
• Lyon;
• Ambrosian;
• Mozarabic, etc.

musiyano kwavo kuve zvimwe nechirango nhau, ari mutauro iri kuverenga basa, etc.

Yemamongi mirairo sezvo chikamu chechi

Nokuda wakafara kududzirwa canons dzeChechi uye nedzidziso naMwari Roman Catholic Church ane vanenge zana nemakumi mana zvirevo zvechitendero sezvamunoita yavo. Nhoroondo yavo, vachiri kare iri kure. We nyora akanakisisa kuzivikanwa pamusoro Order:

• Augustinians. Nhoroondo yaro rinotanga vakapoteredza V remakore kunyorwa mutemo St. Augustine. Direct paumbwe Order kwakaitika zvikuru gare gare.
• Benedictines. Ndicho wokutanga pamutemo wakadzikwa yemamongi murayiro. chiitiko ichi chakaitika pakutanga pakati VI remakore.
• Hospitallers. Knightly kuti, iro rakatanga aine 1080 ari Benedictine mumongi Gérard. Religious Order of bumbiro dzakabuda chete muna 1099.
• Republic. Mendicant murayiro, uyo akavamba Dominic de Guzmán muna 1215. Chinangwa chake rezvisikwa - hondo vemanyepo dzidziso.
• VaJesuit. Izvi zviri kuitika rakavambwa muna 1540 na Pope Paul III. chinangwa chake akava prosaic: pakurwisana kukura kwebasa Protestantism.
• Capuchin. murayiro uyu rakaumbwa muItaly muna 1529. Chinangwa charo chikuru ndiro - hondo pamwe Yokuchinja.
• Carthusians. Wemamongi of Order yokutanga yakavakwa muna 1084, asi iye mvumo chete muna 1176-m.
• Templars. Military mirairo, zvichida akanakisisa kuzivikanwa uye yakafukidzwa zvitendwa. Kwapera nguva pashure pakusikwa akatonyanya zvechiuto pane yemamongi. Chinangwa chepakutanga chaiva kudzivirira vafambi uye vaKristu nevaMuslim muJerusarema.
• Teutons. Chimwe chirevo nemauto-yemamongi akavamba vairwa muhondo dzemachechi German muna 1128.
• The Franciscans. The Order akasikwa mumakore 1207-1209, asi akabvumirwa chete muna 1223-m.

Kuwedzera mirairo muChechi yeKaturike ndivo vanonzi Uniates - vatendi vaya vakachengeta chetsika kunamata kwavo, asi zvakanditorera kutenda Catholic, uyewo simba papa. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• Armenian VaKaturike;
• Redemptorists;
• Belarusian Greek Catholic Church;
• Romanian Greek-Catholic Church;
• YeOrthodox yeRussia Catholic Church;
• Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.

vatsvene chechi

Below tichakurukura chii vari vatsvene inozivikanwa kwazvo yeRoma Church:

• St. Ioann Bogoslov.
• Saint. Stefan Pervomuchenik.
• St. Karl Borromeo.
• St. Faustina Kowalska.
• St. Jerome.
• St. Grigoriy Veliky.
• St. Bernard.
• St. Augustine.

Kusiyana yeKaturike kubva Orthodox

Zvino, chii yokuRussia Orthodox Church uye Roman Catholic chechi vakasiyana mumwe ari ano Version:

• Nokuti kubatana yeOrthodox weChechi - ndiko kutenda uye sakaramende, uye yeRoma pano vari kuwedzera kusakundika raPapa uye inviolability simba.
• Nokuti Orthodox Catholic Church - ndiwo ose chechi yomunharaunda, iyo inotungamirirwa bhishopu. YeRoma, kwakanyorwa kunodiwa kukurukura yeRoma Katurike.
• The Orthodox Mutsvene unobva kuna Baba chete. VaKaturike - naBaba uye noMwanakomana.
• In Orthodoxy kurambana zvinobvira. VaKaturike hazvibvumidzwe.
• In Orthodoxy, hapana chinhu chakadai mupurigatori. Izvi dzidziso vakazivisa vaKaturike.
• Orthodox vanoziva utsvene wemhandara Mariya, asi akaramba wake tsvinda Conception. VaKaturike vane dzidziso kuti neMhandara Maria akasununguka kungofanana naJesu.
• The Orthodox vane tsika dzakatangira Byzantium. In chiKaturike, pane zvizhinji kwavari.

mhedziso

Pasinei vamwe kusiyana, Chechi yeRoma Katurike achiri hanzvadzi mukutenda nokuda Orthodox. Kusanzwisisana kare vaiita nevaKristu, akatendeuka vave vavengi zvinovava, asi izvi hazvifaniri kuramba nhasi.