Chii chinonzi maberere? tsananguro

Vanhu vazhinji vakanzwa shoko "Gallery". Kwarwaibva, chii mhando ngarava anozivikanwa chii chaikosha mumatare aya kuti vakanga vavaka kunyange tsarist Russia? Ngationei mhinduro dzemibvunzo yose iyi.

Chii chinonzi maberere?

Shoko iri anonzi rinokosha mhando seagoing ngarava yaifamba inokukura simba aishandisa zvikwasviso. Muchiitiko ichi uyewo ngarava dzakanga maseiri kazhinji mativi.

Kunyanya nevakawanda vari zvikepe dzinoshandiswa Pirates uye vengarava. Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe mhando midziyo inowanzoshandiswa hwekutengeserana.

Mabviro ezwi rokuti "magwa anokwasviwa"

Kokutanga zita "magwa anokwasviwa" yakanyorwa nevaGiriki. Vane Ngarava dzakadaro vakadanwa shoko γαλέη, iyo gare gare chamuita kuti Latin rokuti galea.

Mushure vaRoma, zita angosimuka mitauro anenge zvose European, apo nokuchengetedzwa kusvikira nhasi. Nemhaka vamwe vavo, shoko rokuti "magwa anokwasviwa" akanga asingazivikanwi kuti mutauro wokuRussia. Kutonga nezvinooneka kunyora, pashure Latin, rakanga rakumbirwa kubva Italian (galera), uye ipapo kana kuburikidza Polish (galera), kana kuburikidza German (Galeere), kana kuburikidza French (galère) ikawira mugomba Russian.

Zvechokwadi tinoziva kuti pazita yaigona akakweretwa kubva mutauro Chirungu, sezvo izvozvo arashikirwa tsamba "p" - ikava magwa anokwasviwa, vakakoniwa asi kukanganisa Russian chiperengo.

A zvishoma pamusoro nhoroondo ngarava

Chii magwa anokwasviwa, uyewo Nezvekwakabva shoko rokuti kare yakurukurwa pamusoro. Zvino teererai nhoroondo iri mhando chikepe.

Nokuti kuti zvikepe akare dzakavakwa matanda, nhasi akaramba zvishoma zvidimbu, iyo unogona kuona chaizvoizvo chii rinoshandiswa ngarava munguva zvenyika yekare. Pasinei neizvi, vatsvakurudzi vanoti matare, yakafanana ngarava, vakwasvi nokushingaira akananga mumazuva Ancient Egypt neFenikiya.

Zvikuru ruzivo anochengeterwa pamusoro kushandisa matare aya muGirisi yekare. Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti ngarava iri wehurumende ichi akashanda warships kunyange makore 800 BC Mushure fashoni vavaGiriki kuvaRoma vakatanga ngarava yakadaro, uye shure kwavo dzose vaikwanisa kuwana kuGungwa reMediterranean.

Kuwedzera vaGiriki, kunyanya kukurumbira kushandisa Turkish ngarava. Nokuda kumhanya uye maneuverability ngarava yakadaro, vaigona kuchengeta emakore ukuru nesimba rehondo.

Mune Russian Empire, wokutanga maberere akazviratidza yechipiri hafu XVII. Pakusikwa vanodhirowa uye kuvakwa kwakakonzerwa pokudzora Peter I. Akakwanisa kuti ngarava iyi mhando vava chinhu chinokosha chokufunga mu Naval zvombo umambo kusvikira pakuguma XVIII remakore. Vakabatsira munguva yemberi Russian-Turkish hondo. Asi ivo vakazopiwa yanzwa midziyo pamwe chiutsi injini.

Api ngarava yaivapo mumazuva ekare

Chii magwa anokwasviwa Takawana. Zvino tinoziva kuti siyana paiva zvikepe izvi:

• Magwa anokwasviwa-vana veupombwe vaiva zvishoma nokukurumidza uye maneuverability. Asi nokuda muviri vhoriyamu yavo vakaisa zvikuru uremu pane dzose pasi warships. Nokuda pfuma iyi ngarava idzi kunyanya nechikepe vatengesi kubvira panguva Ancient World.
• Zenzilnye ngarava - vakanga vachirwa chikepe chaicho. Vakanga zvishoma kura, asi zvikuru nokukurumidza. Ngarava dzakadaro dzakanga achishingaira kushandiswa muhondo kushandiswa. Kunze midziyo aya nyasha kunoreva Pirate kufamba.

Uyewo ngarava vari muzvikamu zvitatu mhando maererano nokuwanda nemabhenji nokuda vakwasvi.

• Brigantine vakanga vaverenga masere.
• Galeoty - gumi kusvika makumi maviri.
• Fust - kubva gumi kusvika makumi maviri.

The upenyu rakaoma vakwasvi iri ngarava: Ndezvechokwadi Kana Kuti Ndezvokufungidzira

Nokuti chikuru dzokutyaira chinhu pakati ngarava vaiva zvikwasviso, unofanira kuteerera iye akanga agere pamusoro pavo. Maererano nezvinodavirwa nevakawanda, mumwe rower pamusoro magwa anokwasviwa - muranda, noutsinye mutariri vakatambudzwa. Kutaura zvazviri, munyika dzakasiyana uye panguva dzakasiyana kuti vakwasvi hanya hakusi chete.

Saka mumazuva Greece yekare uye Umambo hweRoma pamusoro warships vakwasvi kazhinji zvikuru vakadzidziswa nemasoja. basa ravo rakanga airemekedzwa uye tsime akabhadhara.

Chete tsika aishandiswa panguva yeMiddle Ages. Pashure pezvose, ngarava aifanira nechikepe kwenguva refu uye zvine ngozi. Naizvozvo, avo vakanga akananga ari ngarava, vaifarira kuvimba upenyu hwake vakwasvi nenyanzvi. Ivo, akavapindurawo, aiva kufarira nechokwadi kuti nevavanoshandira akananga akachengetedzeka chipfuro dzavo remuneration.

Asi pedyo pakutanga XVII remakore, apo ngarava zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kutsiviwa nezvirwere zvitsva zvakawanda yepamusoro ngarava, paiva tsika kushandisa sezvo yokukwasva -. Angaratidza uye varanda. Uye ngarava vechiKristu kukwasva nhapwa maMoziremu vateveri muprofita Muhammad nhapwa vakwasvi-Orthodox uye nevaKaturike.

With kuwanikwa America kutanga kutengesa yaitonga vatema uye, kuti ngarava yakanga kazhinji kushandisa varanda kubva Africa.

Panguva iyoyo mumwe nomumwe nguva dzose kuti vakwasvi vakanga vaitira nani zvikuru kupfuura varanda panyika. Sezvo ivo zvaitsamira kupona rikarira vava zvokudya zvinovaka, utano hwavo uye vakapiwa nguva yokuzorora. Zvechokwadi, muna chiitiko rufu vakawanda vavo, vashandi vemo angadai kugara kuruoko zvikwasviso.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti angaratidza vakawanda vaifarira ane vakwasvi ari ngarava pane mujeri. Mushure vose vehondo zvikepe kazhinji vakavaitira nani zvikuru kupfuura vejeri.

Modern "magwa anokwasviwa"

Munguva kure kare vaiva ngarava. Nhasi vanogona kuwanikwa chete mumamiziyamu. Zvisinei, muna Turkey pane mukurumbira chaizvo yezororo rwendo, ane zita riri nzvanyira shoko "Gallery". pfungwa idzi pamusoro shanu-nyeredzi Hotel Galeri Resort ( «Galeri Resort"), riri pamusoro muMediterranean pamhenderekedzo (guta Alanya). Pasinei chazezesa 5 nyeredzi, nzvimbo iyi ichiri muduku zhinji reMediterranean dzisina yaiva dzimwe nyika.

Kana mari vachikwanisa haabvumiri kuti tipedze pazororo iri shanu nyeredzi Galeri Resort, unogona kuwana imwe hotera iri Alanya - "Gallery» (Galeri 4) Somuenzaniso. Iye Rural nzvimbo mune rimwe guta uye, kunyange zvazvo muduku chete nyeredzi rataurwa Galeri Resort 5, inzvimbo huru kuzorora. Zvichava kudhura zvokuti vakawanda mudzimba vashanyi.

Kuwedzera kune Turkish zita hotera, mukuwirirana neshoko "Gallery" ndiro zita rose muunganidzwa ezvinhu dahlias - "Gallery» (Gallery). Nyaya idzi ine 17 mhando. Mumwe nomumwe wavo anonzi kuremekedza yakakurumbira yokudhirowa Somuenzaniso, kana Gallery Pablo Gallery Rembrandt. The peculiarity emarudzi "Gallery" ndechokuti vari tsvarakadenga, asi husingakwanisi kuakunda nematambudziko kwete chete.