The siyana redhiyo nemafungu uye avo kupararira

In mabhuku nokuti wefizikisi payakavakirwa akapiwa usinganzwisisiki pamusoro-siyana redhiyo mafungu, izvo dzimwe nguva hazvisi zvakanaka kunzwisiswa kunyange vanhu vane dzidzo chaidzo uye ruzivo. Nyaya ino edza kunzwisisa zvazviri, pasina kunzwisisa. Wekutanga akawana redhiyo mafungu, aiva Nikola Tesla. Munguva apo pakanga pasina midziyo yepamusorosoro, Tesla haana kunyatsonzwisisa zvakataurwa Fani iyi, zvaakanga pashure akadana Eteri. Muimbisi ane rakatumbuka Magetsi ndiko kutanga redhiyo chinozunguzirwa.

manyuko redhiyo mafungu

The kwomuzvarirwo manyuko redhiyo mafungu vari muchadenga zvinhu uye mheni. Chakagadzirwa Radio wave wokutepfenyurisa chinhu zvemagetsi kondakita pamwe zvinofamba mukati ane rakatumbuka Magetsi. The vibrational simba mukuru kakawanda jenareta iri akagovera dzakapoteredza nzvimbo Via imwe redhiyo kanyanga. Yokutanga basa rakanga rine Radio wave wokutepfenyurisa-redhiyo Popov. In mudziyo ichi, mukuru-kakawanda mukuru voltage jenareta basa rinoitwa ngarurege kwakabatana kuti kanyanga - dipole kanyanga. nhepfenyuro mafungu nenzira chakagadzirwa nzira inoshandiswa wakaiswa uye Mobile radars, nhepfenyuro, redhiyo ei, Satellite ei, kufamba uye makombiyuta.

Kuwanda redhiyo mafungu

Sokushandiswa redhiyo mafungu vari kakawanda siyana 30 kHz - 3000 GHz. Zvichienderana chinozunguzirwa urefu uye kakawanda kupararira unhu, redhiyo bhendi rakakamurwa 10 Sub-mapoka:

1. Wedzerai - yokuwedzera-refu.
2. DV - refu.
3. NE - svikiro.
4. Zvakanaka hf - pfupi.
5. UHF - Ultra.
6. MV - mita.
7. UHF - UHF.
8. SMV - sendimita.
9. IIM - millimeter.
10. SMMV - submillimeter

Kakawanda kuwanda redhiyo mafungu

radiowaves YOKOHAMA conditionally muzvikamu. Zvichienderana kakawanda uye kureba redhiyo chinozunguzirwa muzvikamu 12 subbands. Kakawanda kuwanda redhiyo mafungu riri interconnected pamwe kakawanda pakati rakatumbuka chiratidzo ano. Frequency nezvisungo redhiyo mafungu International Radio Regulation 12 nechipiriso mazita:

1. ELF - zvikuru pasi.
2. ELF - Ultra-shoma.
3. Padiki - subsonic.
4. VLF - yakaderera chaizvo.
5. LF - yakaderera maitikiro.
6. MF - mids.
7. Zvakanaka hf - High Frequency.
8. VHF - yakakwirira chaizvo.
9. UHF - Ultra.
10. UHF - Ultra dzakakwirira.
11. EHF - yakakwirira chaizvo.
12. HFO - gipervysokie.

With kuwedzera kakawanda redhiyo mafungu, kureba shoma kudzikira Frequency redhiyo mafungu - kunowedzera. Kupararira, zvichienderana kureba kwayo - chinonyanya kukosha zvinhu redhiyo mafungu.

Radio wave Mashoko 300 MHz - 300 GHz dzinonzi Ultra-soro microwave nokuda kwavo nekaupenyu yakakwirira maitikiro. Kunyange Sub-mapoka vari kukuru kwazvo, saka ivowo, rakakamurwa zvikamu, izvo zvinosanganisira zvimwe neeSultan terevhizheni uye redhiyo, zvomumvura uye nzvimbo kukurukurirana, ivhu uye mhepo, nokuti radar uye navigation, wokushandura dzokurapa mashoko uye zvichingodaro. Pasinei nokuti siyana yose redhiyo mafungu rakakamurwa munzvimbo yakasarudzwa miganhu zvimiso pakati pavo. Migove kutevera mumwe akaramba achipfuura kubva mumwe uye dzimwe nguva bindepinde.

Zvinoumba kugovera redhiyo mafungu

Propagation - a kuchinjwa simba kubva rakatumbuka remagetsi munda mumwe chikamu nzvimbo imwe. In vacuüm it redhiyo mafungu kuenda panguva kumhanya chiedza. Kana pachena kuti zvakatipoteredza kuti redhiyo chinozunguzirwa kupararira kunogona kuva kwakaoma. Izvi zvinoonekwa kusarurama anonongedzera change kupararira gwara, deceleration danho uye boka velocities.

Mumwe sefungu mhando anoshandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Long anogona kunzvenga zvipingamupinyi nani. Izvi zvinoreva kuti redhiyo chakarondedzera inogona kupararira panyika Ndege uye mvura. Kushandiswa refu mafungu wakapararira munzvimbo pemvura uye zvomumvura nemidziyo, icho anobvumira kuti chokuita chero nzvimbo pagungwa. Panguva iyo wavelength kuti mamita mazana matanhatu panguva kakawanda kilohertz zvirire vagamuchiri mazana mashanu lighthouses zvose uye kununurwa zvechitima.

Radiowave kupararira akasiyana neeSultan zvichienderana maitikiro yavo. Kureba maduku uye yakakwirira kakawanda, zvikuru yakananga achava munzira chinozunguzirwa. Nokudaro, vashoma zvikuru ayo kakawanda uye urefu, saka anogona nani kufonyora kumativi zvipingamupinyi. bhendi neimwe ine yayo urefu redhiyo mafungu kupararira unhu, asi pamuganhu pedyo zvisungo chimbichimbi kuchinja nevamwe zvinhu zvinochengetwa.

Distribution Characteristics

Extra-refu uye refu mafungu andikomberedze nyika pevhu, vachiparadzira pemvura mwaranzi nezviuru makiromita.

Average chinozunguzirwa pachena kuti simba Absorção de Água, saka unogona chete kukunda chinhambwe 500-1500? Km. Kana compacting ari ionosphere iri kuwanda zvichibvira spatial hutachiwana danda chiratidzo icho chinopa yokutaurirana zviuru zvakawanda makiromita.

Short mafungu rwendo pfupi chete madaro nokuda kwavo simba Absorção de Água pemvura. Space anokwanisa kakawanda zvinooneka kubva panyika paNyika uye ionosphere, kufamba madaro marefu, kuita nokupfuuridzirwa mashoko.

Ultrashort inokwanisa kuparadzira yakawanda mashoko. Radio mafungu kuti Range zvinopfuura ionosphere muchadenga, saka kushanda kukodzera kuti pano zvinangwa. Pamusoro mafungu vari chaibwinya mapoka izvi nenzira yakarurama mutsetse, kwete skirting pechiso nyika.

Mugore Manyiminya-siyana zvinoita hutachiwana yemavhoriyamu mashoko hombe. Zvinowanzoshandiswa kutaura rechitatu bhendi Manyiminya mafungu. The Earth muchadenga, vari pasi attenuation Zvisinei mune chokwadi chiratidzo iri chakasvitswa chinhambwe 5 km. Asi kushandisa kwakadaro yokukurukurirana gadziriro hakubvisi kudiwa kuti vawane mvumo kubva Telecommunication inspections.

Kusiyanisa inzwi musimboti

Kuti nekufambisa mashoko, redhiyo chinozunguzirwa zvakafanira modulate chiratidzo. The wokutepfenyurisa inongorira modulated redhiyo maitikiro kuti dzinoshandurwa. Pfupi, svikiro uye refu mafungu vari amplitude vachisiyanisa inzwi, saka vari kunzi AM. Asati modulated keriya chinozunguzirwa chinomhanya kugara amplitude. Amplitude vachisiyanisa inzwi nokuti yedzimudzangara anoshandura amplitude kwayo, ukuwo, ari chiratidzo voltage. The amplitude redhiyo mafungu kunosiyana-siyana maererano kusvika voltage chiratidzo. VHF kakawanda vachisiyanisa inzwi vari, nei vari nezvavo savakuru World Cup. Frequency vachisiyanisa inzwi zvinoisa okuwedzera maitikiro kuti anotakura ruzivo. Nokuti chiratidzo kutapukirwa kure anofanira modulate yakakwirira Frequency chiratidzo. Nokuti akagamuchira chiratidzo vanofanira kuzvitsaura kubva Sub-keriya wave. Kakawanda vachisiyanisa inzwi ruzha vanowanika iduku, asi redhiyo anomanikidzwa kutepfenyurwa pamusoro VHF.

Zvinhu kukanganisa unhu uye kubudirira redhiyo mafungu

Unhu uye kunyatsoshanda redhiyo chinozunguzirwa kugamuchirwa nzira kunokanganisa achitaura nemwaranzi. Muenzaniso Satellite kanyanga inorayirwa nemwaranzi pa nzvimbo kugamuchirwa Switch iiswe. Nzira iyi akatibvumira kuti nouchapupu mberi mune redhiyo zvomuchadenga, uye kuita zvakawanda zvakawanwa mune zvesayenzi. Akazarura mukana pakusika munhu Satellite nhepfenyuro Data wirelessly, uye zvakawanda. It Vakawana kuti redhiyo mafungu vanokwanisa tichiratidza zuva, mapuraneti dzakawanda dziri kunze redu renzou, uyewo yepasi pose nebulae uye dzimwe nyeredzi. Zvinofungirwa kuti pane zvinhu kunze redu renyeredzi pamwe simba redhiyo womumwe.

To zvakawanda redhiyo mafungu, Radio wave kupararira zvinovhiringidzika kwete chete chezuva asiwo okunze. Saka, mutinhimira mafungu, chokwadi, hakubvi pamusoro okunze. A kupararira kure sendimita zvakasimba ndezvokungotevedzera mamiriro ekunze. Zviri nokuti kuti aqueous nzvimbo mvura kana panguva yakakwirira mwando pamwero mumhepo pamusoro vakapararira kana takabatikana mafungu.

Uyewo kuchinja unhu hwavo uye zvipingamupinyi munzira. Panguva dzakadaro, chiratidzo -buda kunoitika, saka zvakanyanya kushata audibility kana kunyange haazombotaurwi mashoma mumasekonzi kana kupfuura. Muenzaniso ndiwo maitiro kuti TV ndege, kana mufananidzo flickers uye mitsara chena kuoneka. Izvi imhaka yokuti chinozunguzirwa kunooneka kubva ndege uye anopfuura pedyo kanyanga TV. zviitiko zvakadaro terevhizheni uye redhiyo zvinotakura vari kakawanda muna mumadhorobha dzoga, sezvo redhiyo mafungu vakafungisisa chikuva kwezvivako, mukuru-simuka shongwe, kuwedzera nzira chinozunguzirwa.