The Universal Declaration of Human Rights uye ayo pamutemo

The inozivikanwa dzevanhu Gwaro munyika - Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). chikuru Chaizvoizvo Its ndiko kuona yokusafa kukosha kwevanhu upenyu, uyewo nheyo Zvinokosha kodzero wacho pamusoro kodzero ehurumende uye ayo uchangamire. Muna 1945, apo ari musangano muLondon, United Nations yaparidzwa, raita zvibvire mberi mukuru munhau uye kodzero dzevanhu. Ndima 3 inoti dzeUN Charter wokutanga anoti pamusoro chimwe chezvinhu zvebasa sangano - ari kubudirira pane dzakawanda pamwe nokuda kukwidziridzwa uye kufambiswa kuremekedzwa kwekodzero dzavanhu uyewo nerusununguko rwavo runokosha vose, pasinei nomutauro, chitendero, pabonde kana rudzi. The Charter akava dzakawanda chibvumirano uye anosunga Gwaro vaya ndarisaina. Raparurwa iyoyo 1945 Commission on Human Rights pasi auspices UN, kwaiva kugadzirira rinokosha bhiri kodzero womunhu, kutungamirirwa naye sezvo zvakasikwa wokuyera kuti kunoshanda somuenzaniso marudzi ose uye marudzi. Bill ichi wava chikamu Charter ari sangano itsva.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights harina zvakasikwa chiito ichi. Uyezve, Bill haana kusanganisira zvinhu zvakawanda kuti kudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu, uye vazhinji vasiri masangano ehurumende vakatanga kuita mazano uye kuwedzererwa. Zvikurukuru, vakarayira kuti mumwe State, rwakazokura chikamu United Nations, akapikira nechokwadi chokuti vanhu vanogara munyika idzi dzakanga inopiwa kodzero dzinokosha - kuupenyu, nehana, rusununguko wacho, muuranda, mhirizhonga uye nzara, uye zvichingodaro. d. The UN Charter waisanganisira urongwa maererano izvo dzevanhu ndivo nehanya kunyika dzose. The Okutanga of Charter rinoti United Nations vakatsunga mumutsiridze kutenda inokosha kodzero dzevanhu, iri kukosha uye chiremera kwoupenyu hwevanhu, mune kuenzana kodzero dzevakadzi nevanhu, uye marudzi maduku - guru. Saka akatanga codification kodzero dzevanhu.

Panguva musangano unokosha wedare rinodzora United Nations - General Assembly - yakaitwa muna 1948 musi December 10, vamiririri vaibva kunyika 8, pakati yaiva Soviet Union, vairega panguva vhoti. Asi nhume pakati Assembly harisati vachibvumirana rakabvumira Universal Declaration of Human Rights, imwe tsananguro mukuru chiri sezvinotevera. Gwaro rino akaratidza mazita chinokosha kodzero munhu wose munyika, zvisinei mutauro, chitendero, ruvara, pfungwa enyika kana mamwe, National uye nzanga yaanobva, pfuma kana zvimwe chinzvimbo. It anoti hurumende inofanira kudzivirira kwete chete vagari vayo, asi vagari dzimwe nyika - nyika yavo havasi chipingamupinyi kubatsira vamwe vari kudzivirira kodzero dzavo.

Saka, chikamu UN Bill of Human Rights rokutanga aiva Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 1948 akava kutangira pfungwa iyo kutanga kuita dzakawanda normative nzwisa kodzero dzevanhu, bvunza gwaro iri. KuVienna, muna 1993, nhengo Human Rights Conference munyika 171, anomirira 99 muzana yevagari nyika, akasimbisa unoda hurumende dzavo kuramba kutevera mutemo uyu.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights riri pamwoyo mutemo dzakawanda, asi pachayo yakanga pakutanga kwete pamutemo tichisunga gwaro. Zvisinei, ari generalized pakarongwa vakabvumirana dzemitemo, zvinonzi, Chokwadi, aiva mukuru tsika simba kuti nyika voruzhinji. Mukuwedzera, mamiriro, kurishandisa uye achitaura kuti rive pamutemo uye enyika Chirevo chechinyorwa, kuti Declaration akapa mamwe Mvumo pamusoro dzakawanda uye nyika mumatunhu.

Ukoshi nheyo idzi vawana chete muna 1966. Zvino akabvumirwa pacts pamusoro vehurumende, enyika, tsika uye socio-ezvoupfumi kodzero. Ndivo chikamu UN Bill of Human Rights rechipiri uye rechitatu. Countries kuti vakanyorerana izvi Covenants, wakanyengwa natsai mitemo yayo kuitira kudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu. Zvadaro, Universal Declaration kodzero dzevanhu nerusununguko ririmo kuti richengetwe mune dzimwe zvibvumirano nezvibvumirano. Naizvozvo, panguva ino, zvokudya zvayo inokurukurwa sezvo fanira. Saka, hazvina akakodzera kuti vakatevera, uye gwaro repamutemo, mazano kuti inofanira kuremekedzwa nevanhu States yose.