The V8 Injini: unhu, mapikicha, diagram, mudziyo, vhoriyamu, uremu. Cars vane V8 injini

Pari pane powertrain mikana yakawanda zvichienderana urongwa uye uwandu sepombi. V8 injini zvinoreva soro padanho Motors nokuda mutakurwi motokari, sezvo vari pamwechete ne zvemitambo uye zvoumbozha yokutevedzera. Saka, havana zvakajairika chaizvo, asi kudiwa.

tsananguro

V8 injini ine simba chikwata aine V-zvakaumbwa urongwa sepombi akaita misara miviri mana nevakawanda crankshaft.

MARARAMIRO OF THE

Pakutanga remakore rapfuura, pakanga pasina zvakananga kubatana pakati injini kugona uye uwandu sepombi. Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva, zvinhu zvakadai kuwedzera nokukurumidza uye tichikwanisa, uyewo chido kuderedza mari kwakaita kuti pakatanga avhareji Vhoriyamu humburumbira. Uyezve, paiva chinhu chakadai somunhu fő kukwanisa. Nokudaro, vari yakasungirirwa injini simba nokuwanda sepombi. Ndicho chimwe nechimwe humburumbira ane zvimwe vhoriyamu, uye yakananga vhoriyamu ukoshi kubvisa zvimwe simba. Uyezve, maitiro aya optimized, kureva, kuenda mberi kwavari vakawanda kugadzirwa hakusi zvinobatsira. Naizvozvo, duku vakawanda mienzaniso vakatanga kushongedzera michina bhuku duku vashoma sepombi, uye kuti vabudirire yakakwirira simba kunodiwa kusika munhu multi-humburumbira simba dzakabatana vhoriyamu hombe.

nyaya

Wokutanga V8 Injini akatanga kugadzirwa muna 1904. Yakanga dzakabudirira makore maviri apfuura Leonom Levasserom. Zvisinei, hazvina kushanda kumotokari uye kuisa mundege uye magwa.

First Automobile injini V8 3536 ^cm3 vhoriyamu akavasunungurira Rolls-Royce kambani. Zvisinei, izvozvo akavaka motokari 3 chete, akashongedzerwa navo.

Muna 1910, 7773 ^cm3 V8 kwave vakabvuma ne mugadziri De Dion-Bouton. Kunyange motokari akashongedzerwa navo akanga asunungurwa vakasvimha, muna 1912 iye dzaitaurwa New York, zvichikonzera yakawanda mubereko. Zvadaro, pakusikwa Motors dzakadaro kuita vagadziri American.

Wokutanga nekaupenyu vakawanda-zvibereko motokari vane V8 injini waiva kambani cadillac muna 1914. Raiva nizhneklapannym injini inokwana 5429 masendimita ^3. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti magadzirirwo ayo akanga vakakopa ichangobva kutaurwa French simba chikwata. Mugore rokutanga gore takabudisa kumativi 13 000 motokari vakapakata navo.

Pashure 2 years, shanduro yake ane 4 fő V8 akasuma Oldsmobile.

Muna 1917, Chevrolet yakatangawo kweShanduro V8 4.7 fő Zvisinei, kwegore, ari mugadziri yakava chikamu GM kuti inova dzakabatana uye vaviri yemakambani ataurwa pamusoro apa. Zvisinei, Chevrolet, kusiyana navo, nezvatinovavarira nenhau huni-basa motokari, izvo vachifunga kuti kumisa nyore michini, saka V8 kugadzirwa amira.

injini All zvinokurukurwa kupfuura yakaiswa pa zvivezwa anodhura. Kokutanga muupenyu mukanyiwa chidimbu kubva Kutamiswa Ford kambani muna 1932? G Model 18. Uyezve, simba chikwata ane yakawanda unyanzvi utsanzi. Rakanga akashongedzerwa aine kukandira yedare humburumbira mufurati, kunyange pamberi pagadzirwe zvikamu izvi vamwe vaiona zvazviri zvisingabviri, saka sepombi vanoparadzaniswa kubva crankcase, izvo kuoma uye zvinodhura kugadzirwa yavo. Kuumba chimwe chinodiwa kuvandudza mabikirwo kuraswa. The itsva simba chikwata akadana Flathead. Yakabereka kusvika 1954

Muna US zvikuru kwose kwose V8 injini anowanikwa 30-ies. Vakava saka yakakurumbira kuti izvi simba zviumbu kushongedzera makirasi ose motokari, kunze subcompact. A motokari ane V8 injini pakazopera 1970 chakaita kuti 80% vose kugadzirwa muUnited States. Naizvozvo mashoko akawanda chokuita izvi simba zviumbu, yeAmerican mavambo, uye V8, vakawanda vachiri kufambidzana motokari American.

MuEurope, injini izvi havana kuwana mukurumbira wakadaro. Saka, muna yokutanga yezana remakore rapfuura rakanga vakagadzirira pamwe chete kuti chidimbu zvinoberekwa vapfumi yokutevedzera. ari '50s chete akatanga kuonekwa wokutanga kugadzirwa masere-humburumbira injini kana motokari pamwe V8 injini. Vamwe yokupedzisira yakanga vakapakata powertrains American akagadzirwa.

urongwa

Pakutanga remakore rapfuura, zviri zvikuru kazhinji ano michini zvirongwa Somuenzaniso, semitsilindrovye, masere humburumbira mu-mutsetse uye nyeredzi.

With streamlining mamiriro Motors, nokusuma ichangobva kutaurwa misimboti, nhamba sepombi zvino ndakatsunga kuti injini maererano chinzvimbo. Zvino, mubvunzo akasimuka kwavo Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nzvimbo.

Kutanga akazviratidza zvisiri shanduro marongerwo - mu-mutsetse sepombi. Izvi mhando zvinoda kugadzwa kwavo mumutsetse mumwe shure mumwe. Zvisinei, urongwa uhwu ndiye akakodzera kuti injini nokuwanda hapana sepombi anopfuura matanhatu. Rakajairika mana humburumbira dzakasiyana. Zviviri uye-humburumbira matatu injini vari dererei, kunyange akazviratidza mukutanga XX remakore. Five-humburumbira injini vari kwete chaizvo nevakawanda, kunze, vakanga yakatanga chete pakati pezana 70s. Nhanhatu-humburumbira mu-mutsetse injini ikozvino yokurasikirwa kukurumbira. Marongerwo Inline masere-humburumbira injini kurega kushandisa muna 30-ies.

Kushandisa redunhu V-akaumbwa kuti Motors pamwe vakawanda sepombi yakafanira kumunda marongerwo zvinhu. Kana ukashandisa Inline marongerwo kuti multi-humburumbira simba zviyero, zvavachawana yakarebesa, uye pane dambudziko placement zvavo pasi Hood. Pari rakajairika muchinjikwa marongerwo uye pambiru mu-mutsetse-humburumbira matanhatu injini saizvozvo zvakaoma chaizvo. Muchiitiko chino, matambudziko akawanda anowanikwa aine placement yacho gearbox. Ndokusaka injini zvakadaro akapa nzira V6 hwakapararira. Ekupedzisira inogona akaiswa zvose longitudinally uye laterally.

kunyoresa

Scheme vaiona anowanzodanwa kushandiswa pamusoro michina bhuku guru. Ivo vanoiswa kunonyanya zvemitambo uye shoma yokutevedzera pakati mutakurwi motokari uye inorema SUVs, marori, mabhazi, nematarakita anofamba.

zvinoitwa

By osnonovnym V8 parameters zvinosanganisira vhoriyamu vanokwanisa, akoromoke angled zvinorema.

vhorumu

parameter Uyu ndomumwe kiyi chipi womukati injini. Pakutanga munhau womukati injini hakuna kubatana pakati injini vanokwanisa uye uwandu sepombi, uye paavhareji mari yakanga yakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura zvino. Nokudaro, anozivikanwa chete-humburumbira injini 10 fő uye 23 fő matanhatu humburumbira.

Zvisinei, zvakanga Kwapera akasuma humburumbira vhoriyamu ratios ataurwa pamusoro uye ukama pakati vhoriyamu uye simba.

Sezvambotaurwa, urongwa pasi kufunga rinoshandiswa zvikurukuru mnogolitrovyh powertrains. Naizvozvo, ruzha V8 injini Kazhinji hazvina asingasviki 4 litres. The kunonyanyisa ukoshi nokuda parameter ichi kuti injini ano mutakurwi mota uye SUVs yakasvika 8.5 litres. On nemarori, nematarakita anofamba, mabhazi uye ounza volumetric simba zviumbu (24 l).

simba

Izvi V8 injini hunhu anogona tsunga kwakavakirwa dzakananga fő chinzvimbo. Nokuti peturu mumhepo injini zviri 100 zvapano Saka, injini 4 L ane avhareji simba 400 zvapano Somugumisiro, embodiments ane bhuku hombe simba. Kana vamwe hurongwa, kunyanya vaonekere fő vanokwanisa iri yekudyidzana ichiwedzerwa.

AND camber

parameter Izvi akakodzera chete injini V serin'i marongerwo. Rinoreva pakona pakati humburumbira mabhanga. Nokuti ruzhinji injini ndiyo 90 °. Kuwanda ichi urongwa sepombi nokuti kuti anobvumira kuti vabudirire yakaderera azvipire vibration uye optimum kuvesa pamusoro musanganiswa uye kuumba pasi uye yakafara injini. Ekupedzisira yakanaka chaizvo controllability, sezvo simba chairema kunoderedza musimboti regiravhiti.

Several ishoma injini pamwe pakona pamusoro 60º. injini Sezvineiwo maduku chete kunyange risingamboshandisi angled. Izvi zvinoderedza upamhi injini Zvisinei, muna embodiments dzakadaro, vibration kwakaoma kudzima.

Pane Motors vane akavandudza pakona rimwe sepombi (180º). Kureva, sepombi dzavo kurongwa nenzira chinjikira ndege, uye pistons kutama kurutivi mumwe. Zvisinei, Motors vakadaro havasi kunzi V-zvakaumbwa, uye kumushora uye runotaurwa tsamba B.Oni kupa pasi kwazvo muzinda giravhiti, saka kuti injini zvakadai akagadzawo anonyanya mitambo womuenzaniso. Zvisinei, avo akasiyana hombe upamhi, saka wetsiva injini hadziwanzowaniki nokuda kunzwisisa kwakaita placement.

vibration

Izvi zviitiko chero zvazvingava kuonekwa paaishandisa pisitoni injini. Zvisinei, vagadziri edza kuderedza navo, sezvo havana chete kukanganisa kunyaradzwa, asiwo kunyanyisa siyana kunogona kukuvadza uye kuparadzwa injini.

In kwayo kushanda vari multidirectional mauto uye nguva. Kuderedza vibrations zvakafanira chinonengaidza navo. Imwe mhinduro iyi ndiyo kugadzira injini kuti nguva uye masimba vakaenzana uye kwakasiyana-siyana. Ukuwo, zvichifanira chete yokugadziridza crankshaft. Saka, unogona kushandura nzvimbo yemagazini ake uye dzishandise nayo haaiti kana kushandisa pakaunda-mwero miseve.

zvinorema

Chokutanga, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pakati vanhuwo injini mikwende maviri chete mhando - musara uye vaishora, matanhatu-humburumbira. Motors dzimwe configurations vakasiyana chinoratidza.

Asi V8, vari kwazvo pakati nepakati, uye kunyanya Variants pamwe pamakona rworudyi sepombi uye akarongwa perpendicular ndege cranks. Uyezve, vakapiwa kumeso vachikwanisa kupa yunifomu alternation kuti panomuka. Motors vakadaro vane mbiri chete kudzikama nguva padama wokunze sepombi iyo inogona zvakazara ndanyarara hangu nokuda counterweights maviri crankshaft.

zvakwakanakira

V-injini zvakasiyana injini kusvika mutsara urongwa mukuru torque. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti injini redunhu V8. Kusiyana Inline injini, apo mirayiridzo perpendicular mauto zvakananga, muna injini ichi, vanoshandisa nomubato pamusoro mativi ose tangent. Izvi zvinoitawo kuti kukuru inertia, achipa nomubato simba kumhanyisa.

Uyewo, V8 crankshaft ane High Rigidity. Kureva chinhu chakasimba, Kunogara uye saka kubudirira kana kushanda panguva muganhu ezvinhu. Zvino kunosvika kuwanda anodawo frequencies pamusoro injini uye anobvumira kuti awane tichimhanya nokukurumidza.

Pakupedzisira, V-zvakaumbwa injini zvakawanda tsindirana tichienzanisa Inline. Uye ivo mapfupi kwete chete, asiwo kuvatumwa kuti kuonekwa nepikicha V8 injini.

kutadza

Engines pasi kukurukurwa yakasiyana marongerwo kunzwisisa mamiriro, zvinoita kuti kudhura. Uyezve, ane zviduku nokureba nokukwirira vava rakafara. Uyewo V8 injini uremu guru (150 kusvika 200 kg), izvo chinoita nezvinetso uremu kuparadzira. Saka, havana kuiswa motokari duku. Uyezve, Motors izvi vane wandei vibration uye zvakaoma vakadengezera. Pakupedzisira, ivo rinodhura ushande. Chekutanga, ndiye akaita ndechokuti V8 injini, mudziyo kunzwisisa chaizvo. Kunze, ine vakawanda zvikamu. Naizvozvo V8 injini kugadzirisa yakaoma uye zvinodhura. Chechipiri, Motors vakadaro vanoonekwa ne kumusoro mafuta rinodyiwa.

budiriro ano

Kukura vose womukati combustion injini kwave ichangobva tsika tiwedzere, kunyatsoshanda. Izvi zvinoitwa Akaroromesawo kukura uye nokushandisa siyana gadziriro dzakadai zvakananga mafuta jekiseni, turbocharging, shanduka vharafu nguva, uye zvichingodaro. D. Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti makuru michini, kusanganisira V8, iri zvishoma nezvishoma kurasikirwa mukurumbira. Mnogolitrovye Motors vava ne turbocharged injini vhoriyamu duku. Izvi zvinonyanya ine shanduro V12 uye V10, uko chikatsiviwa supercharged V8, uye vokupedzisira - pamusoro V6. Ndizvo avhareji uwandu Motors ipfupi, pamwe nokuda zvibereko kunyatsoshanda, inova nechiidzo fő chinzvimbo.
Zvisinei, mitambo dzomutengo motokari vachiri kushandisa simba mnogolitrovye powertrains. Uye mashandiro avo chiri yekudyidzana yakawedzera tichienzanisa kare kuburikidza kushandiswa michina ano.

tarisiro

Pasinei tarisiro kutsiva womukati injini pamwe yemagetsi uye nevamwe zvakatipoteredza ushamwari michini, vachiri havana kurasa kuenderana yavo. The kunyanya V-zvakaumbwa embodiments vanoonekwa kuti vaizotibata chaizvo. To musi, vagadziri vakava nzira kugadzirisa kukanganisa kwavo. Uyezve, avo maonero, zvinogona simba zviumbu vasiri zvakazara pachena, saka ivo chete ndiwedzere.