The yakanakisisa Mifananidzo kubudikidza Durer. "Melancholia" by Dürer

Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528), German painter, hwakajeka yokudhirowa, munhu akakurumbira theorist ounyanzvi, akazvarwa muna mumhuri yakakura Hungarian Albrehta Dyurera Sr. naBarbara Holper vokuGermany. Mhuri yaigara muguta muNuremberg iri kumaodzanyemba-nechokumabvazuva Germany. The baba, mupfuri wendarama, mukomana achitevedzera kufarira basa mutengesi wacho, asi majaya Albrecht aida kuva emhizha. Zvino Dürer gotwe nemakore 15, akanga akatumwa wekishopu yakakurumbira muNuremberg rokupenda Michael Wohlgemuth.

Nhanho wechiduku Artist wokutanga

Albrecht akaratidza chido uye anokwanisa mudzidzi, iye pfupi nyanzvi dzinokosha canons kuti kupenda uye akanyora mifananidzo duku dzakawanda. Dürer Mifananidzo vave aifarirwa mudzidzisi. Wohlgemuth, mukuwedzera asika mifananidzo, vakadzidza Graphics. Prints ake, akaita maererano woodcuts (achiita zvokutemera pamusoro pehuni), rinoshandiswa mubhuku rake "muNuremberg Chronicle" Hartmann Schedel, mumwe cartographer German. Illustrations akaita Wohlgemuth uye vadzidzi vake vakaumba chikuru chikamu chebhuku, iro vakaburuka munhau sezvo basa ounyanzvi. Munyori mumwe rinodhindira mubhuku "Dance Rufu" raiva Albrecht Dürer.

rokusika rwendo

Muzana remakore rechi15 muGermany maiva netsika yenzendo mudzidzi, panguva iyo mudzidziri webasa aiziva basa vemifananidzo nemamwe kumatunhu munyika. Akaita rwendo yakadaro uye jaya rokupenda Dürer. rwendo rwake yakatora makore mana, kubva 1490 kusvikira 1494-ndipo. Kuwedzera maguta German womufananidzo Dürer, ane mifananidzo vakanga vatova kwazvo kuzivikanwa, uyewo akashanyira guta muSwitzerland uye Netherlands, kuti vawane kunokosha ruzivo kubva vatenzi guru Flemish kupenda uye nyanzvi Swiss mu achiita zvokutemera. Kutanga rwendo rwake, Dürer aida kusangana the artist Martin Schongauer, uyo aionekwa mureza nounyanzvi zvinhu hwemashiripiti. Nepo Schongauer muna Colmar aigara uye aishanda zvinyorwa pamusoro mhangura. Zvisinei, musangano nenyanzvi mbiri havana kutora nzvimbo, kusvika Albrecht sezvo Martin nguva pfupi asati afa.

Basle

Albrecht Dürer, mifananidzo uye zvinyorwa zvakanga nechekare rizivikanwe mudenderedzwa nyanzvi, akasangana munin'ina mukupera Martin Schongauer, Ludwig, avo akanyorwa nemhangura. Ludwig uye Albrecht akapa ruzivo rwake. Appliances mhangura achiita zvokutemera zvishongo raida unyanzvi, uye ivo vave Durer, sezvo ari kuyaruka, akapedza makore akawanda ari kubatsira zvishongo tenga baba vake. Albrecht akatamira muBasel, kudhinda centre. MuBasel, akararama pakati Schongauer mukoma, Georg. Kushanda navo, Durer Inoziva ose subtleties rakasikwa bhuku mavara, uye pashure penguva yakati vakatanga kuonekwa ari mifananidzo, mabhuku muBasel munyika itsva, wamboonekwa, maitiro. Okugadzira zvinhu Durer wakaperedzerwa, iye vakabudirira akashandisa mufananidzo mutsva. Mubhuku "Ship pamusoro Fools 'pedyo satirist wokuGermany Sebastian Brant, paiva 75 ake kwakajeka mifananidzo. Uyewo muBasel Dürer akasika dzakatevedzana akanyorwa kuti bhuku comedies vaPubhirio Terence, weRoma Comedy. MuBasel Albrecht akaenda muStrasbourg, apo akanyora ake yakakurumbira "Self-Portrait ne rukato", iro rwunotumirwa mwenga.

Kudzokera muNuremberg

MuNuremberg Albreht Dyurer, mifananidzo zvakanyorwa kwokutanga mumweya German pakubika, akadzoka muna 1494 pamwe guru yakawanda ruzivo vakawana mumakore mana madzungairiro kuburikidza Europe. Akabva aroora Agnes Frey, vanoremekedzwa musikana, mwanasikana Hansa Freya, naHama Muwekishopu yakarurama tambo zviridzwa. Marriage akapa Albrecht mukana kutanga mabhizimisi avo. Zvisinei, yaakasimbisa rake workshop muNuremberg, iye chete muna 1495, nekuti mwedzi miviri pashure muchato wake akaenda Italy, kwaakabereka kuzivana mubasa Giovanni Bellini, mumwe rokupenda wechikoro Venetian, uye Mantegna, nokunamatira inopinza uye vanachandagwinyira werudzii kupenda Padua. Vamwe Mifananidzo kubudikidza Dürer vakazopiwa akanyorwa saizvozvo. A gadzira kwenzvimbo hunhu, Dürer akaita panguva rwendo kuItari, vakazova zvinyorwa.

zvinyorwa

On pakudzoka kwake achibva Italy Albrecht Dürer akazarura workshop ake uye akapedza akatevera 10 makore kugadzirwa woodcuts uye mhangura. Vaidyidzana navo muNuremberg-vanatenzi - Hans von Kulmbach uye Hans Shoyfelinom, akapa Dürer sokunyorwa pokuenzanisira Shanduro Pindar, uye Goltselya Koberger. Albrecht mabasa akanga yakadzika Category hunhu, unhu hwavo ari mukuru hwokudhirowa chechetere. Dürer kwainzi tenzi consummate bhuku mufananidzo. Muna 1498 Muparidzi Koberger yakabudisa bhuku "Apocalypse", izvo zvinosanganisira 15 woodcuts Artist hwakajeka, kusanganisira "The Four Vemabhiza" uye "The Hondo Arhangela Mihaila nedhiragoni." The kupenda "Apocalypse" Dürer anonzi akanakisisa basa rake. Musoro runobatanidza nyaya 15 mugomba coherent rose, akanga sowakajeka akaratidza womufananidzo. achiita zvokutemera neimwe sezvazvakaita kuenderera yapfuura uye kunotangira chinotevera. Uye pave paya, muna 1514, vakanga asinganzwisisiki mhangura achiita zvokutemera vanoda "Melancholia" akasikwa. Dürer kupendwa pamusoro payo ngirozi kufinhikana, izvo, sokuti, anonziwo dzinoratidzwa mupfungwa zviitiko.

mufananidzo

"Apocalypse" Albrecht Dürer akauya mukurumbira pasi rose, uye "Melancholia" by Durer vakapinda yendarama mari zvomucheka hwemashiripiti. Chimwe basa guru rebhuku womufananidzo wacho "The Passion St. Brigid", raisanganisira 30 zvinyorwa. Kuwedzera kushanda mifananidzo mabhuku ano, Dürer akasikawo etchings kuti mabasa vanyori vekare vakadai Aristotle uye Theophrastus, Aristophanes uye Lucian. Uchibata Graphics, Albrecht haana kusiya uye kupenda, Durer nguva nenguva akazviratidza pamberi ruzhinji. Uyewo mumakore 1497-1499 payo Portraits ainyorwa: Albrehta Dyurera Mukuru, baba yokudhirowa, iye Elector Frederick III Saxony, Oswald Krell, dzokutengesa mumiririri. Chimwe chezvinhu unoshamisa mabasa ari mufananidzo anonzi Durer kupenda "The achikudza kwevaMagi." Next wouya "kuDresden Altarpiece" uye "kusuwa nomwe" - chaizvo polyptych.

Venice

Muna 1505 Dürer akaenda Italy zvakare. In Venice, akanyora "The Mutambo Ruzariro", asi mufananidzo haana kusikwa pamusoro chetsika kanivhasi, uye pamusoro revatungamiriri poplar, nepfungwa Akariyanika mukereke San Bartolomeo pedyo German zvokutengeserana imba Fondaco Dei Tedeschi. Akarayira mufananidzo vatengesi vakakurumbira German. Iye zvino, "mutambo Ruzariro" iri National Gallery muPrague. Nguva nguva kwakaratidzwa nemabasa vanatenzi makuru, Titian, Palma Vecchio, Giorgione. Zvisinei, Albrecht Durer dzakazova kuti okugadzira zvinhu Dzhovanni Bellini waiva naye muenzaniso inimitable ruvara. Pakupedzisira, akaita shamwari rokuItari painter uye chikumbiro chake, akanyora imwe yake Venetian mifananidzo - "Madonna pamwe Chizhik". Chimwe basa akasikwa paaigara Venice, Dürer, "Kristu pakati Doctors," dzinogona kunge vakazvitsaurira kuna shamwari Albrecht.

Bologna

Zvisinei ushamwari Giovanni Bellini, Dürer aiva anoremekedzwa uye airemekedzwa munhu Venice. The City Council akaronga kunonotsa unyanzvi painter, pamwe panyaya kwaari 200 ducats ave bhonasi pagore. Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti Albrecht Dürer achaita kubatanidzwa dzomumaguta zvirongwa. Zvisinei, nyanzvi yokudhirowa haana mapurani ndakagara upenyu, iye vachishuva pakuziva chinhu chitsva pachavo, uye kuti chinangwa ichi zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti nguva dzose kufamba. Mushure mechinguva Dürer ari kuRoma, apo wakatarisira kusangana pamwe Emperor Maximilian. Musangano kumbotaurawo nzvimbo, uye Albrecht akaenda Bologna kunoona kuyunivhesiti uye kunosangana masayendisiti. Iye aifarira tarisiro mibvunzo, kudzidza raakanga aizokwanisa zvakanyanya kuvaka mifananidzo yavo. Yokubvunza yemasvomhu Luca Pacioli, uye ipapo kukurukura refu pamwe murongedzeri Donato Bramante akabatana muchitoro nezivo womufananidzo, uye mifananidzo kubudikidza Dürer akatonyanya chikuru.