Famous chivezwa Mikelandzhelo Buonarroti. Description kwamabasa yakakurumbira

Mutauro weItaly, mutauro, chimiro chave chichikwezva vatashanyi. Asi nyika ino inonyanya kuzikanwa kwete chete yemaitiro ayo uye sonorous serenades. Nhasi tichataura pamusoro peimwe yevana vanozivikanwa zvikuru veItaly. Uyewo munyaya ino ichange ine tsanangudzo dzakawanda dzezvigadzirwa naMichelangelo Buonarroti.

Verenga zvakanyatsonaka, uye iwe uchadzidza zvakawanda zvitsva uye zvinonakidza iwe pachako kubva mumunda weItaly tsika yeRenthrough.

Brief biography

Ramangwana rakanaka mufananidzo uye muvezi akaberekerwa mumhuri yevarombo vakaderera muna 1475 muguta reKaprese. Nemhaka yekushaya mari, baba vake vanomupa kuti vakurire mumhuri yeToolino, apo mukomana anoziva ruvhu uye anotanga kudzidza kudzidza kuveza zvifananidzo.

Nokufamba kwenguva, akapiwa kumusangano nemuongorori wemunharaunda, uye gare gare kuchikoro chemuvezi Giovanni. Ikoko anoonawo Lorenzo de 'Medici.

Yaiva murume uyu akapa Michelangelo mukana wekuzviratidza. Anoshandisa zvidzidzo zvake, uye shure kwekufa kwake anobatsira nekutambira mabhiza anodhura.

Muhupenyu hwake Buonarroti akakwanisa kushanda muRome, Florence uye Bologna.
Ngatitaurirei nezvebasa rake nemashoko akawanda.

Zvose zvinowanzoita zvekusika

Muchikamu chino, tinongotaura chete chimwe chezvikamu zvebasa raMichelangelo - zvigadzirwa. Tsanangudzo yezvinozivikanwa zvikuru pakati pavo unogona kuverenga pasi apa.

Unyanzvi hwemurume uyu hunonyatsoratidzwa mufananidzo. Kunyange mumufananidzo wake anorega mapurasitiki emafomu uye chimiro chemafananidzo, izvo zvinongowanikwa chete kune zvinhu zvakaoma.

Zvinoshamisa kuti kubudirira kukuru kwaMichelangelo Buonarroti innovation. Icho chiri nekuda kwezviito zvinopesana nemakanoni zvokuti akave akakurumbira mumazana emakore. Chimiro chake "David" chakava chimiro cheHainstall, uye "Pieta" - chimiro chakanakidza chemuviri wevanhu vakafa mumufananidzo wakavezwa.

Ngatitauriranei nemabasa eiyo nyanzvi yeRenaissance.

"Mosesi"

Rimwe remabasa anozivikanwa zvikuru "Mosesi" naMichelangelo. Tichapa tsanangudzo yechinhu chiduku gare gare. Zvino ngatitaurirei pamusoro penzvimbo iyo yakagadzirwa.

Ichi chifananidzo chikamu chekuoma kwemufananidzo wakavezwa wePapa Julius II, uri muSan Pietro muVincoli, maRoma.

Kushanda pamufananidzo uyu kwakaramba kwemakore maviri, kutanga muna 1513. Mukuwedzera, pamativi acho zvifananidzo zvakasikwa nevadzidzi veMichelangelo.

Purogiramu yekutanga yaPapa Julius II yakanga yakanyanyisa uye yakawanda. Aida kuvaka chimiro chake muchechi yeSt. Peter. Chirongwa chake chaisanganisira zvifananidzo zvakawanda nezvimwe zvishongo. Asi zvirongwa izvi hazvina kuitwa nekuda kwekushayikwa kwemari kubva kune vagari venhaka.

Nokudaro, isu tinoratidzwa ne "bhajeti" version yegadziriro yepakutanga.
Saka, "Mosesi" - chifananidzo naMichelangelo, icho chakakudza mumazana emakore muumbi wavo. Nhasi inotorwa seimwe yemifananidzo yakakurumbira. Chii chinoshamisa pamusoro?

Kureba kwechifananidzo ndicho masendimita makumi matatu, asi simba rinowanikwa mumitsara yaro ndeyechokwadi. Muvezi uyu akaratidza mutungamiri wevanhu vechiJudha panguva yekudzoka kwake mushure mokukurukurirana naMwari, Mosesi paakaona vamwe vaainamata navo vanonamata mhuru yendarama.

Nhamba yacho ine simba zvikuru uye izere nesimba romukati. Tinoona miviri yeguruva uye dutu guru rekutarisira pane chiso chemuyobozi. Muruoko rwake rworudyi anogadzira mahwendefa, uye rutsoka rwake runodzingwa kunze neshure rakasimba uye rakapfuurira mberi, sekunge iye ari kuda kukwira uye otanga kuita.

Basa rakanakisisa raMichelangelo's incisor rakafananidzwa nekurarama kwenguva yakareba nebheji romurombo. Musoro wakaisvonaka wembebvu unotaridzika uye wakajeka, kunze kweizvi, mumufananidzo hauna mamita mamita makumi maviri ematombo asina kubatwa. Izvo zvakagadzirwa zvakakwana zvakakwana uye zvinoratidza zvose kutaridzika kwevanhu vakachenjera.

"Mosesi," chifananidzo chaMichelangelo, haasi munhu asina hanya. Simba rakasimba-will rinokurudzira rinofadza, uye dzimwe nguva rinotyisa vataridzi. Sezvo Stendhal akati, kana iwe usina kuona chifananidzo ichi, hauna zivo pamusoro pemikana yezvigadzirwa.

"Dhavhidhi"

Muchikamu chino, tichaedza kujekesa zvifananidzo zvakazivikanwa zvikuru naMichelangelo. Yechipiri yakadaro, pane imwe yekare, ndeye "David". Ichi chifananidzo chemamita mashanu chakave chiratidzo che Florentine Republic pakarepo mushure mekusika.

Nhasi iri mu Academy of Arts muFlorence uye inotarisirwa kuti iongorore sveru. Mufananidzo uyu unoratidza mambo wechiJudha wechiJudha, David, ari kugadzirira kurwisana neGiantati Goliati. Anotarisa uye anononoka, sezvo muvengi wacho anonyatsomucherechedza muhupenyu hwake. Panguva imwecheteyo, kutarisa kwaDhavhidhi kunoratidza chivimbo chisingazununguki mukukunda.

Ndiani akanga ari mutengi wemufananidzo? Kunyangwe pakati pezana remakore rechigumi nemashanu, Florence akatanga kutaura nezvekushongedza kweSanta Maria del Fiore. Iyi ndiyo kereke yeGreek Florentine tempile. Yakanga yakarongwa kumukomberedza nemifananidzo gumi nembiri yevanhu vanozivikanwa zvikuru vebhaibheri kubva muTesitamende Yekare.

Kushanda purojekiti yakatanga Donatello nemudzidzi wake, asi akakwanisa kugadzira mufananidzo mumwe chete.

Mushure mokufa kwake, chirongwa chacho chakamira, uye ibwe re marble (rinozivikanwa zvikuru se "Giant"), rakagadzirirwa chifananidzo chaDavid, zvishoma nezvishoma chakaparara pasi pesimba rekukura.

Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechitanhatu, komiti yakaumbwa, yakasanganisira Leonardo da Vinci, uyo akasarudza kusayina kambani nemufananidzo wemakore makumi maviri nematanhatu, Michelangelo Buonarroti. Akatanga kushanda munaSeptember 1501.

Kurwisana ne marble block kwakamutorera makore anopfuura maviri. Icho chiri mufananidzo uyu kuti chirevo ndechekuti kuumba unyanzvi iwe unongoda kubvisa zvose zvisingasviki.
Zvisinei, muna 1504, apo basa racho rakapera, Florentines akabatwa akasarudza kuisa David mune loggia yeLanzi, nzvimbo iyo guta reguta rakaita misangano.

Iye zvino kurwisana kwerusununguko kwakagadzirisa chimiro chaMichelangelo Buonarroti. Zvifananidzo zvemwechete Donatello zvakatamiswa kune imwe nzvimbo kubva muimba yekamuri.

Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinonakidza zvinoenderana nebasa iri. "David" - iyo yakavezwa yakavezwa yakawanda yeRenaissance. Zvinyorwa zvaro zviri muMoscow, kuLondon uye munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeguta ravo rekuzvarwa.

Zvinotarisawo kuti mharidzo yeLondon yakagadzirirwa nehizha remuonde, kana pakauya mambokadzi. Uye muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, Jerusarema rakaramba kugamuchira kopi yemufananidzo we "maItaly asina kupfeka wezana remakore rechigumi nemashanu", sezvo "David" Michelangelo asina kudzingiswa.

Allegory yezuva

Guva reMedici muFlorence rinochengeta zvifananidzo zvakawanda zveMichelangelo. Tichazotaura zvakasiyana nezvemashoko maviri.

Yokutanga yavo inoratidzira kusabatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvekudenga mumutambo we "mukuru mukuru weFlorrentine." Ichi chikafu chinoumbwa chinosanganisira mafananidzo mana akamira paviri paviri sarcophagi.

Pfungwa ye tenzi ndiyo yekuratidza zvisingafungidziki, kunyange kune zvekudenga, kuoma kwehupenyu hunoparara. Izvo zvinoratidzirwa musinganzwisisiki zvinowedzera pamavheti e sarcophagi, mukuedza kupfuurira nokukurumidza pasi.

Zvirevo zvezviitiko zvakasiyana zvezuva zvinoratidzwa semifananidzo yevarume nevakadzi. Chimiro chechizvarwa chekanaka uye chinangwa chekuenzana chinopesana nemufananidzo wechiKristu wepakati we "marwadzo ekurwadziwa" nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwekuvapo.

Iyo yakagadzirwa inosanganisira Night, Day, Morning and Evening. Mifananidzo miviri yekutanga iri paguva Giuliano, uye yechipiri - pane sarcophagus yaLornzo de 'Medici.

Iyo purogiramu yakasikwa nekuraira kwaClement VII, uyo akasarudza kupfuurira hama dzake dzakafa vaduku.

Kushanda pazvifananidzo zvakapedziswa muna 1534, asi hazvisi zvose zvakaiswa munzvimbo dzakarongwa. Nhasi, tirasi yemufananidzo we "Zuva", somuenzaniso, iri muHouston, "Morning" - muLondon. Muenzaniso we "Manheru" wakarasika, wakatengwa nemutengi, uye mitsva yakabva yanyangarika.

Chikamu chakanakisisa chekugadzirwa ndeye "Night". Michelangelo, sekugara kwenguva yakati, akaratidzwa mukati maro "ngirozi yebwe inorara umo kufema kunonzwa."

Nokudaro, zvifananidzo zveMichelangelo, pasinei nezvimwe zvikanganiso, zvatinotaurira pamusoro pekuzotevera, ndezvokwadi chaiyo yehuchenjeri hwevanhu.

Zvifananidzo zveMedici

Iyi ndiyo chikamu chechipiri chekuumbwa kwechitendero chakakurumbira mu crypt yevatongi veFlorence. Iyo inoumbwa nemifananidzo miviri, imwe yayo inoratidzira Giuliano, uyo aipfeka zita reDuke wa Nemours, uye imwe - Lorenzo II, Duke weUrbino. Vakave vakakurumbira nekuda kwekuti wokutanga munhoroondo yemhuri yeMedici yakagamuchira mazita akakwirira akadaro.

Pano zvakakosha kutaura nezvekutsvaga kukuru kweMichelangelo Buonarroti. Zvifananidzo zve tenzi uyu hazvifananidzi zvakafanana nemashiripiti avo. Akanga achivenga mapiritsi uye akati icho chiduku hachibatsiri kune ani zvake, sezvo pasina anozozviona mumakore ane chiuru.

Mufananidzo wakafanana nechifananidzo chaLornzo chinoratidzwa nemifananidzo yaRodin yeThe Thinker. Michelangelo akaumba chifananidzo ichi mumufananidzo wemukuru mukuru weRoma mumusangano wekudzika reverie. A zoomorphic helmet inovanza chiso chikuru mumumvuri. Ndiro panyaya iyi kuti kunezve nharo pakati pevanotsvakurudza.

Vamwe vanoti tenzi uyu mukuru akaratidza kuti Lorenzo akatambura noupenzi asati afa. Vamwe vanopikisa kuti iyi inongova chimiro chekufananidzira kwekutambudzika kwekuparadzwa.

Chero zvakadaro, asi chiso chaJuliano chiri nani. Rinofananidzirwa muchimiro chekare chekushanda. Iye achiri muduku, asina helmete, azere nesimba, asi kutarisa kwake hakuna kukwana zvachose. Nokudaro, anopa pfungwa chaiye yehutano hwehurumende dzakachenjera.

Pamwe pamwe nemafungiro ezvinyorwa zvezuva rezuva, Lorenzo naGiuliano vanoumba zvakagadzirwa zvakagadzirwa. Iyo inotakura vateereri muRenaissance, apo kubuda kwemazuva ano ehurumende. Nguva yekunyongedza, hondo yezvematongerwo enyika uye yakawanda inonyaradza.

Varanda

Zvadaro tichakurukura mumwe wemuenzaniso wakabudirira kwazvo wezvakavezwa naMichelangelo. Nezita rokuti "Mosesi" uye "David" tatove takasangana. Izvo zvakagadzirwa, izvo zvatichataura ikozvino, zvakagamuchirwa sechikamu chemausoleum chaJulius II.

Inoumbwa nemhando mbiri - varanda, kufa uye kuwedzera. Sezvo tenzi wacho asingamboiti kukoshesa kuenzaniswa kwechimiro uye kufananidzira kwezvisikwa zvezvisikwa zvake, hatigoni kutaura pamusoro pechirevo chaicho kana pamusoro pezviratidzo.
Kana mubvunzo wekupedzisira uyu usingaiti kugadziriswa nguva dzose, zvino maererano nechinangwa chakaiswa muzvifananidzo izvi zvine simba, nharo dzichiri kukwikwidzana.

Vamwe vanoti iyi ndiyo mufananidzo wemashiripiti anofanirwa naPapa, vamwe vanocherechedza kuti ichi ndicho chirevo chepurovhinzi chakakundwa munguva yekutonga kwaJulius II.

Zvifananidzo zvevaranda zvinoratidzira vechidiki vechidiki uye vakasimba, vari muusungwa. Mumwe wavo anoedza kuputsa zvisungo zvine simba rinopfuura revanhu, rechipiri risingabatsiri, rinopa.

Aya mafananidzo, akafanana nemimwe mifananidzo yakawanda yakazivikanwa yakaitwa naMichelangelo, inoita se "yakasunungurwa" zvisingabatsiri kubva kumarara.

Vane chinangwa chinonakidza. Apo zvifananidzo zvakapedzwa, basa reguva rakashanduka. Nokudaro, Buonarroti anovapa avo vanoziva Stozzi kuti vanogamuchira vaeni, uye iyo yekupedzisira inovapa kuna Francis I. Saka samples yemifananidzo yakaitwa naMachelangelo vaiva mu Louvre.

Bacchus

"Wakanwa Bhakas" inonzi inotanga basa rakabudirira remwana wechidiki. Akazvisika mumakore makumi maviri nemaviri, akatumwa naRafael Riario, mutorikiti weItaly.

Zvinonakidza kuti cardinal aida kungowedzera kukosha kwake kwezvifananidzo zvekare. Asi paakaona shanduro yekupedzisira yemufananidzo, Signor Riario akaramba zvachose kuitora. Mifananidzo yacho yakawanikwa nemunhu webhangi ainzi Galli, aigara pedyo neguta reCancellaria. Pashure pemakore anenge zana, inotengwa neMedici uye inotakurirwa kuenda kuFlorence.

Nhasi, mifananidzo iyi chiratidzo muFlorrentine Museum Bargello.
Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vebasa raMichelangelo Buonarroti, semuenzaniso Victor Lazarev, funga basa iri kunyatsotevedzera purasitiki yekare. Vanotaura kuti muzvisikwa izvi zvokutanga kuzvimirira hapana zvachose unhu hwemunyori.

"Bacchus" inoratidzira mwari weRoma wokukunda, uyo akafananidzwa nechiGiriki Dionysus, achitungamirirwa nekunyengera kuduku. Uyu murume nomudzimai vari murugare vakasununguka, vakakundwa nechinokonzerwa nechinwiwa chinodhaka.

Bacchus anotarisa mukombe wewaini, chiso chake chinoratidza chido chekuda zvisikwa zvake. Misungo yehudyu uye mimba yakasununguka. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanoti izvi zvinoratidza kusava nesimba kwake mune zvemweya uye mumuviri, chimiro chekudhakwa. Vamwe vanoruramisa Mwari wekare pakuti iye ari mukana wekudhakwa. Izvi zvinoratidzwa nekugadzirisa kwake. Anosendamira mberi, sekunge akadonha, asi misungo yake yekumusoro inononoka kuti achengetedze.

Kurira kwaKristu

Basa roga roga rine umbhiriri wevanyori ndiro chifananidzo naMichelangelo "Pieta". Zita racho rinobva pashoko rechiItaly, rinoreva "kusuruvara, tsitsi". Chirongwa chikuru chechiitiko ichi ndiko kuchema kwemwanakomana wakafa, Jesu Kristu, neMhandara.

Chinyorwa naMichelangelo "Pieta" inofungidzirwa unyanzvi nemumwe wemabasa mashomanana anoramba aripo kubva munguva yeKutanga Kwemazuva Ekutanga kwezana remakore gumi nemashanu kusvika panguva yakakwirira yeyi nguva.

Nokuda kweGothic, mufananidzo wevakafa Muponesi uri mumaoko emaMhandara Maria, asi mubasa rake Buonarotti anoudzorera zvachose. Pano Amai vaMwari vanoratidzwa semusikana wechidiki anochema nekuda kwewakarasika.

Kana iwe ukatarisa kurongeka, iwe unogona kuona kuti kupesana kwakasimba pakati pevapenyu nevakafa. Ikutanga inosanganisira maitiro akadaro sevakadzi, akapfekedzwa uye akajeka, zvinyananiso zvavo zviratidzo zvevakafa mu "Imwa".

Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, iyi yakave yakave yakafanana pakati pemifananidzo yose inogona kuitika yebhaibheri iri.

Atari yePaccolomini

Isu nhasi tinoziva zvakawanda zvezvifananidzo zvakaitwa naMichelangelo nemazita mumhando yezita revasande vechiKaturike. Vazhinji vavo vari paatari ye Piccolomini muSiena Cathedral. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune "Pieta", yatakambotaura kare.

Chibvumirano chemurairo uyu chakasayirwa mumakore ekutanga ezana remakore rechitanhatu neCadinari Piccolomini. Maererano nemamiriro ake, muenzi wacho aifanira kugadzira zvifananidzo gumi nemashanu mumakore matatu. Sekupa mubairo, akagamuchira mazana mashanu emadhakate, iyo yaiva yakawanda kwazvo panguva iyoyo.

Asi nekuda kwekuti nokukurumidza urongwa hwe "David" hwakatorwa, Michelangelo akagona kuita zvigadziko zvina chete.

Saka, zvifananidzo zvipi zvevasande vakafanana zvakabatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwechivako ichi chezvivakwa zveGothic?

Icho chikamu chepamusoro chechikamu chepasi chinoshongedzwa nemifananidzo yeSt. Pius I (zita rekutanga ndiAugustine) naSt. Gregory, makumi matanhatu nechina Papa weRoma.

Muchikamu chezasi ndiSt. Peter naPauro. Pasinei nekutaura kusingadi kwatenzi kuna portraits, vatsvakurudzi vakawanda vanofunga nezvemamiriro ehupenyu hwekupedzisira sechimiro chechimiro chemusikana wechidiki.

Saka kuziva kwedu kwenguva pfupi nemunhu akanaka zvakadaro semufananidzo, anofungidzira uye muvezi wemifananidzo Michelangelo akapera. Zvifananidzo zve tenzi uyu zvinorongedza kwete zvivakwa zvakanakisisa zvekuvakwa kweItaly, asiwo zviri mumamamamiro anozivikanwa enyika dzakasiyana.

Kufamba, vaverengi vanodiwa. Nhanho yakanaka uye yakajeka maonero!