Transverse uye longitudinal mafungu

Tiri kuziva adjectives "longitudinal" uye "transverse" zvose. Uye kwete vanoziva, uye kushingaira kuashandisa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Asi kana totaura mafungu, pasinei - iri mvura mhepo, nyaya yakasimba kana remagetsi minda, kazhinji mibvunzo inoverengeka. Kazhinji, kunzwa shoko "transverse uye longitudinal mafungu," paavhareji munhu sine wave wave. Zvechokwadi, oscillatory nenyonganiso mumvura uye anotarisa saka muupenyu rinopa mhinduro. Kutaura zvazviri, nyika iri kupfuura kunzwisisa uye siyana: Pane sezvo longitudinal mafungu uye transverse.

Kana chero svikiro (munda, gasi, mvura, hwakasimba nyaya) oscillations kuitika, tama simba kubva pane chimwe pamwero novimba ehupfumi ari svikiro, dzinonzi mafungu. Nokuti hapana vibrations vari inoparadzirwa pakarepo kuninira danho panguva pokutangira uye chero magumo kuramba zvinosiyana nemashoko kure kunobva. Chinhu chinokosha kuti vanofanira kugara richarangarirwa; kuchinjwa simba kuburikidza vibrations pamusoro nezvimedu pachavo anoumba mhoteredzo havasi kuzununguswa, uye kuramba ari pakati nepakati chinzvimbo. Uyezve, kana isu funga mutoo muudzame, zvinova pachena kuti kuwanda haisi voga nezvimedu, uye boka ravo, pfungwa iri chikwata vhoriyamu. Izvi chingafananidzwa zvake tambo: kana mumwe mugumo wakaiswa uye mumwe kubereka undulations (chero mundege), vanenge mafungu kuitika tambo zvinhu hazvina kuparadzwa, izvo zvaizoitika kana zvacho kutama wayo chivako.

Longitudinal mafungu vane hunhu chete gaseous uye emura Vezvenhau, asi muchinjikwa - uyewo nezvishoma. Pari aripo kupatsanura rinokamukana zvose vibrational perturbation mumapoka matatu anoti: remagetsi, Urume uye kwakavharwa nenyama. Ekupedzisira, sezvo imi kuti fembera kubva zita, tinoberekwa kwakavharwa nenyama (zvikukutu) mamiriro ezvinhu, saka dzimwe nguva dzinonzi zvokuimba.

Longitudinal mafungu kuitika apo svikiro nezvimedu oscillate, kutungamirirwa achitevedza Vector pakati Mashoko nenyonganyonga. Muenzaniso akundwa kugumisa pamusoro simbi tsvimbo gobvu guru chinhu. Transverse mafungu kuparadzira nenzira perpendicular kusvika vector migumisiro. A inonzwisisika mubvunzo: "Nei chete longitudinal mafungu munogona magasi uye mvura vezvenhau"? The tsananguro iri nyore: chikonzero ichi ndechokuti inoramba vanoumba humboo svikiro anogona kufamba vakasununguka, sezvo isina nokuramba wakaomerera panzira wakaiswa, kusiyana nezvishoma. Saizvozvowo, transverse vibrations tichaona hazviiti.

Zvataurwa inogona akagadzira mune siyanei nzira: kana nzvimbo yaunogara deformation kunokonzerwa nenyonganyonga kunoratidzwa sezvo vanoshanda, kunetsana uye compression, tiri kutaura pamusoro yakasimba, nokuti izvo zvinoita zvose longitudinal uye transverse nemafungu. Kana pakuonekwa chaishanda hazvibviri, ipapo svikiro chingava chinhu.

Kufarira zviri longitudinal remagetsi mafungu (sona). Kunyange zvazvo zviri hunonzi hapana panowanikwa nokufamba zvakadaro, mukuru sainzi anoramba nokuvapo yavo yepanyama zvakatipoteredza. The chikonzero, sezvo nguva dzose chinoitika, riri nyore: electrodynamics ano inobva papfungwa yokuti remagetsi mafungu anogona chete kuva muchinjikwa. Kurambirwa zvakadaro nyika maonero kuti kunotoreva kuti amboshandurirwa inokosha dzidziso zhinji. Pasinei neizvi, kune mabhuku akawanda migumisiro kuedza, anenge achiratidza kuvapo sona vari. Izvi zvisina kunanga inoratidza vasabatwa chimwe ezvinhu nyaya iyo, chokwadi, zvinogoneka kuti vaunze ichi mhando mafungu.