Ukrainian munyori Ivan Franko: Biography, okugadzira zvinhu

Ivan Franko - akakurumbira Ukrainian mudetembi uye munyori. Iye chaizvo kwete mabhuku asiwo magariro uye zvesayenzi mabasa. Mumwe mukuru vanhu muUkraine ndiye Ivan Franko. Zvisinei, Biography wake, achava kufarira kwete chete Ukrainians.

Origin Franco

Makore oupenyu gamba redu - 1856-1916. Ivan Yakovlevich Franko akaberekwa mumusha Naguevichi. Zvino yeLviv (Drohobych dunhu). baba vake aiva mumusha mhizha. Ivan ros nherera. baba vake, Yakov Franko, akafa muna 1865. Panguva iyoyo akanga ava nemakore 9 chete okuberekwa. Gare gare, muna 1872, akafa, uye namai vake, Maria Kulchitskaya. Pasinei yakaoma mamiriro ezvemari, Ivan akadzidza.

nokudzidziswa nguva

Kubva 1862 kusvika 1864 akaenda kuchikoro, yaiva mumusha waiva pedyo; muna 1864-67 - kuchikoro chepuraimari muna Drohobych; uye munguva kubvira 1867 kusvika 1875 Ivan chikoro muna Drohobych. Gare gare, apo atova yakakurumbira munyori, nehasha akarondedzera kuti akapararira jimunasiyamu. In nyaya dzakadai se "penzura", "The Chidzidzo calligraphy," "Grits kuchikoro", "humorist Baba" Ivan Franko zvinoshamisa kuvimbika wairatidza vadzidzisi utsinye kuti drummed kupinda benzi chesekondari uchenjeri vakuru nevana.

Rondedzera muchidimbu chimwe chaizvozvo nyaya. In basa rake "The baba-humorist" tiri kutaura pamusoro munhu anonzi ane humorist, mutambi. Asi chokwadi, murume uyu mutete ane bhiza chiso teases vana, kana ivo vanokanganisa, anovadadira navo, kuranga neshamhu, anoisa vana pamusoro "wembongoro pabhenji." Other vadzidzisi, Image Writer, kusina nani.

Photos inopiwa pamusoro, rinoshanda 1870. Izvi jimunasiyamu photo, izvo anofananidzwa vomukirasi Ivan (iye - Napamusara wechipiri, wokutanga kubva kuruboshwe).

Franco haana kuva chinoshamisa munhu, kana mune nguva kuverenga mabhuku avo kukasawedzerwa kwavo zivo chikoro. Reading aiva ake kufarira dandadzo. Ivan akanga kubudisa bhuku, apo aigona: mumaraibhurari, ake mamwe masoja, uye dzimwe nguva, kuunganidza mari shoma, kutenga zvakachipa dzeChechi. Zvinofanira kunzi Ivan kwakapfuura muchikoro. Muna 1875 iye akapiwa bhezari kubva mari Glowinski. Zvegore, vari kupunzika, iye ndanyoresa paUniversity reLviv, mune philological dhipatimendi. The bhezari chakapiwa Ivanu Franko yose nguva yokudzidza payunivhesiti. Zvaiita kuti Ivan akamirira wakadzikama uye rakachengeteka ramangwana. Aigona kuva purofesa kuyunivhesiti kana chesekondari vadzidzisi. It aitarisira shamwari dzake uye nehama.

The kusungwa rokutanga

Zvisinei, mumakore okutanga kudzidza paUniversity Ivan Franko iye akaratidza kuva nomukurumbira, uyezve, mugovanisi, mberi negwara. Akatanga noushamwari Mihailom Pavlikom uye Kuda Terletskii. Kuburikidza wokutanga, akauraya imwe tsamba Drahomanov, uyo panguva iyoyo kuGeneva. Drahomanov aiva echimurenga mugovanisi, ngozi mumaziso wokuUkraine mapurisa. Nokuda kunyorerana naye, gamba redu akasungwa June 1877.

Pamwe chete Ivana Franko vamwe mhosva pakasikwa pakavanda mugovanisi muvanhu. The January anotevera, dare akawana mhosva Ivan. Akatongerwa vhiki nhanhatu mujeri. Kubvira panguva iyo rwokutsvakurudza mhedziso hautorwi sechirango, Ivan akasunungurwa mavhiki chete pashure nhanhatu, March 5, 1878.

zvakaipira kusungwa

Chirango chakanga duku, asi zvakaipira akanga anotyisa. Chokwadi chokuti munhu ane mhosva zvinyorwa, maererano nomurayiro vasingagoni kuva mudzidzisi. Nokuda chinangwa ichi ndicho mberi kudzidzisa Ivana Franko akava kujeka. gamba wedu yasarudzwa bhezari. Uyezve, Franco zvikuru chando munguva kuvharirwa. The chirwere akazova chisingaperi. Iye vakatevera Ivana upenyu. Asi handizvo zvose zvakaipira mujeri. Baba Franco mwenga Olga Roshkevych, aiva muprista uye akaramba mukudanana yake. Iye kunyange akarambidza Olga kuona "mhosva" uye anoenderana naye. muchato wavo, zvinosuruvarisa haana kutora nzvimbo.

kusunga itsva

Mapurisa kutambudzwa gamba redu harina kugumira ipapo. Akasungwa zvakare muna Coloma muna March 1880. Franco zvakare mhosva mugovanisi nokusagadzikana. Akapedza mwedzi mitatu mujere kusvikira kuferefeta dzakapfuura. Maererano zvabuda, yakanga vakaziva kuti vasungwe Franco hahutsigirwi. June 13 chete gore, gamba redu akatumirwa pasi perekedza kubva Coloma muna Naguevichi. Memories chokuita mhedziso iyi, Ivan akagamuchira pazvidhindo zvinoratidzwa basa rake. Ivo akaumba hwaro nyaya Franco, "The Lower makadzika".

Mapurisa haana kupa Ivan Franko oga. Kechitatu iye ndazvifunga maererano pakaberekwa muLviv boka Ukrainians vakanga vachibva Kiev. Ivan akasungwa muLviv muna August 1889. nguva ino chaaipomerwa kwete chete gutsaruzhinji, asiwo mukusora kuti Russia. Zvisinei, nguva ino zvaipomerwa vaiva padzakavakirwa. The ruzivo mujeri nguva ino zvinoratidzwa mu "Prison Sonnets" - wokufananidzira kutenderera, akasikwa Franco.

upenyu Personal

Muna 1886, Ivan akaroora. Mukadzi wake wakange ari musikana akaberekerwa Kiev, Olga Horuzhinskaya. The mhuri Franco aiva nevana vana, asi mhuri zvakanaka kuva kubvira 1902 chave kuputsa. Mukadzi Ivan akatanga chirwere chepfungwa, iri yakakura pamwe nguva. Izvi vakauya gamba redu mameseji.

Ivan Franco muna 1902 akatamira azopinda mumba make (waakanga yabhadharwa pokugara). Kero kuitika mumba kwaaigara Franco - Str. Franko, 152. It anoshanda chokurangaridza museum of munyori. Nokuti pokugara, Ivan akatora chikwereti guru. Kubhadhara pariri yakapedzwa pashure porufu rwake mwanakomana wake Ivan.

Ivan Franko chirwere

Franco muna April 1908 akaenda kuti kurapwa uye zororo muna Lipik, riri mu Croatia ano, pedyo kuZagreb. Pakave zvinoshamisa yakawedzera chirwere chake - namaoko ake akanga mitezo. Mukuwedzera, simbi achiratidza chepfungwa. Mumakore akazotevera, kuratidzwa idzi chirwere chakanyevenuka zvishoma. Zvisinei, Franco haana zvakare haana zvakakwana kufanira. Vomunguva vaidavira kuti urwere hwake migumisiro njovhera Kutamiswa kamwe. It akapa taisireva Ivanu Franko. Zvisinei, pari zvino, vanachiremba chiwanzo chokudavira kuti kubvira 1877, pamwe kwemamiriro nguva, gamba yedu akarwara rudzi rheumatism. Zviri pamusoro Reiter kuti syndrome. Concept chacho kunge akagadzira pashure pemakore akawanda pashure pokufa Ivan.

Franco afa

Aneta chirwere, magariro uye mhuri nematambudziko, kushaya mari, gamba yedu akafa muLviv, pamba pake, May 28, 1916. Paguva Ivan Franko riri pamusoro Lychakiv Cemetery.

Ivan Franco sezvo nyanduri

Tinopa zvino kuzivana naye mabhuku mabasa Ivan. First sezvo nyanduri yakaitwa muna 1874, Ivan Franko. Biography ake kwakaratidzwa pakusikwa nhetembo kusvikira okupedzisira oupenyu hwake, kusvikira 1916. Pakati mabasa ake ndiwo yakawanda nhetembo akanaka pamusoro pachena mabasa, uye pauzima. Vakanga vakaungana mumabhuku akawanda.

Zvisinei, mashoko enhetembo netarenda gamba yedu kunonyanyisa simba zvinoonekwa nhetembo refu, kwete mashoko acho. Ivan wakasika chaizvo kuva Galician upenyu zuva rake. Pano zvinofanira kucherechedzwa mabasa akadai "vanhu Aimoré" (1884), "Kana munhu" (the nhetembo muna 1889), uyewo detembo akasikwa muna 1890. "In Love". Ivan Franko vakakundazve mifananidzo nhau kare wokuUkraine vanhu. Pakati mabasa panyaya iyi zvinofanira kucherechedzwa "Bar majee" (1887), mashoko nhetembo "Ivan Vyshenskii", akasikwa 1895, uyewo imwe basa - "In Saint George Hill" (1900). Ivan Franko chose vamwe zvisikwa zvavo vachifunga nezvaMwari uye chitendero. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa nhetembo 1885 Eks nihilo, uyewo "Kufa Kaini", akasikwa 1889.

Akakurumbira pakati nhetembo rakanyorwa Ivan runobva kubudiswa nyaya dzakasiyana kubva nyika mabhuku. Ndivo mabasa 1890s se "Vakht Mikita," "The Adventures pamusoro Don Quixote", "Mambo uye anozviramba," "Abu Kasimov bhutsu", uye makasimba 1900 nhetembo "Smith Bass".

Rudzii basa ndiko vanova nhetembo tiri kufarira munyori? Vaongorori vanodavira kuti izvi pave detembo "Mosesi" muna 1905. In basa iri, yakavakirwa - biblical nyaya, hwaimiririrwa kuwedzera wokuUkraine vanhu, uyo vakatanga kurwira kwavo rusununguko.

Franko - munyori

Ivan Franco haana chete nyanduri, asi uyewo novelist. Mumabasa aya akaita somunhu muiti wechokwadi, iyo rinonyanya nezvinetso Galician upenyu zuva rake. Yakanga Vanyori Ukrainian yokutanga Franco kwakaita anofananidzirwa upenyu vashandi Borislav, uyo akashanda muminda mafuta, uyewo Entrepreneurs vaJudha, vakanga dzavo mhandu kirasi. Muna 1877, pakava yemudzimu "kutendeutsa vatadzi," muna 1884 - Boa constrictor, muna 1887 - "Yats Zelepuga" muna 1899 - "Oilman". Created muna 1882, ari yokufungidzira "Borislav akaseka," riri vaiona basa iri kutenderera zvakanaka.

Creation kuna upenyu intelligentsia, uyewo kugara nzvimbo rinokosha iri Franco prose. Muna 1880, Ivan akanyora "The Lower pakadzika", muna 1897 - "Nokuti musha", muna 1900 - "makwara muchinjikwa". Akakurumbira pakati mabasa dzino ndorwevaya vaya vanozviitira wokuUkraine-Polish pabonde. Pakati pavo, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa "Maharareri uye Polel" (1887), uyewo "mbiru Society" (1894). Vose mabasa zvinosuruvarisa akasiya konekwa.

Chishamiso sezvo nyaya Ivana Franko "Farbovany makava" ( "farbovany" rinoreva "kupendwa"). In kwayo tsanangudzo Soviet katuni animator kutungamirirwa Alexander Ivanov yakatangwa 1953. "Akazodzwa gava" chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru nevanhu mabasa Ivanova.

Ukrainians vazhinji anozivikanwa firimu rinonzi "Zahar Berkut". It inotiudza hondo rusununguko-rudo vanhu vane munzanga Kudzvinyirira uye nechisimba. Zviri firimu iri pamusoro Carpathian musha. Zano akaenda kubasa, "Zahar Berkut" Ivan Franko.

Ivan Yakovlevich akazviratidza mumutambo. mutambo wake "yabiwa Mufaro" yakanga itsva kuti nguva yaro. Uye nhasi rinotsvaka zvikuru ano. In mutambo "yabiwa Mufaro" wairatidza upenyu hwemhuri, rinotarira kufara. Zvisinei, mhuri kwatanga pasi pamberi vaoni. Pachimiro wepurovhinzi wokuUkraine guta akasarudzwa. Classic rudo, triangle iri nechepakati pabindu basa iri. Hwevanhu vatatu entwined - Anna, murume wake anoda Michael Mykola. Godo, kumutengesa, rudo, zvechokwadi uye zvekufungidzira rufu, kutendeuka umhondi kunoshamisa "kumuka" - mutambo pakupfutidza kuchiva kwete muduku pamitambo yose Shakespeare.

shanduro mabasa

Muupenyu hwake hwose, Franco akashanda neshanduro mabasa siyana mabhuku nyika. kubudirira ake mumunda uyu chaizvo. Shanduro dzarwo, unogona kuumba raibhurari rose.

An zvikuru siyana mishonga kuti vanokwezvwa Franco. shanduro ake anosanganisira kusikwa Greek yekare, Arabic yekare, Indian yekare mabhuku; nhetembo dzeBhabhironi rekare. Kana mabhuku matsva, zvinogona kucherechedzwa "Faust" by Goethe. Ivan Franko rakashandurwa muna 1882. Iye aifarira dzimwe German uye French, chiPolish, Chirungu uye vokuItaly mabasa.

Pakati shanduro Franco - mabhuku ose zvinyorwa K. Havlicek-Borovsky uye A. S. Pushkina. Nezvadzo kuchinjirwa kutenderera mabasa akasika venhoroondo Rome yekare. Ivan Franko akashanda pamusoro pavo kubva August 1915 kusvika March 1916, kureva rokupedzisira gore roupenyu.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti akashandurirwa German wokuUkraine chevarwere songs, uyewo kubatsira M. S. Grushevskomu kuumba German shanduro "History rweUkraine-Rus". Not oga unyanzvi mabasa akaderedzwa Ivan Franko. Biography ake Kunoonekwa kufarira zvesayenzi uye akakurumbira zvinyorwa nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana aakataura aireva 1870-80-ies. Ivan akaona anobatsira pakudzidzisa wokuUkraine vanhu.

Achishanda somunhu folklorist

Kubva pakutanga chaipo rake rive basa Franco aifarira ngano. Wokutanga rungano waro kurekodha yakabudiswa muna 1876. "Zvirevo Galician-Russian" uye "Studio Ukrainian zvavo nziyo" akava chinokosha nebudiriro Franco mumunda uyu. Ivan akabudisa vakawanda ethnographic uye ngano zvinyorwa uye tsvakurudzo. Uyezve, akanyora akatevedzana zvavo nziyo.

French Somunyori wenhau

Munzira dzakawanda nebasa Ivana Franko akaita pamusoro munhoroondo mabhuku. Chokutanga izvi - nhoroondo vanotongwa. Rinonyatsooneka budiriro iri mirayiridzo iyi - Franco doctorate chinyorwa, akadzivirira muna 1895. The chechipiri mirayiridzo - kuunganidza, kudzidza uye chinyorwa mabasa siyana kuUkraine mabhuku. Pano zvinofanira kucherechedzwa muunganidzwa Franco "Apokirifa uye Legends kubva kuUkraine Manyoro." Ivan akawana uye yakabudiswa chisikwa Ivana Vyshenskogo, pamusoro zvaakakunyorerai wandei zveBhaibheri. Naiyewo rakabudiswa mabasa Taras Dzhafarova, Fedkovych A. Świdnicka uye nevamwe vanyori kuUkraine. Pamwe panoda yaaishandira Franco - kunyora chakaita zvokugadzirwa mabasa ari munhoroondo kuUkraine mabhuku.

Outdoor mabasa

Young Galician vakadzidza muna 1890 akasika Russian-Ukrainian Radical Party, akatungamirirwa Ivan Franko kusvikira 1898. Bato iri kuomerera mugovanisi negwara. Iye vachishuva ava mumiririri dzakafara yeChina vashandi.

Ivan Franco muna 1895, akava mumiriri iri muparamende Viennese (the Radical Party) mu constituency Mostiska - Dobromyl - Przemysl. Muna 1898 aiva mumiriri mumwe constituency - Skalat - Zbarazh - Ternopil. Zvisinei, pane zvose panguva Ivan Franco achiri harina kusarudzwa.

Franco muna 1899 akabva Radical Party, iye akasika uye akapinda Ukrainian National-democratic bato. Somugumisiro, mashoko radicals akarasikirwa mutungamiri simba uye National Democrats havana kugamuchira simba rinokosha. Franco munyika itsva batch mangé anokosha mabasa hadzina kusiyaniswa. Pashure pechinguvana akaregera enyika kurwisa uye zvakazara nezvezvandaifanira zvesayenzi uye mabhuku mabasa.

Paaipedzisa kutaura

Ivan Franko, ane Biography inokurukurwa munyaya, aiva munyori uye nyanduri kwake rekuparidza. Zvisinei, aisagona kutsungirira kuona enyika mamiriro ezvinhu munyika yavo. Saka haana kuzvibvumira kuva chete munyori. Ivan Franko zvakasimba uye akabvuma kuti chero basa, iyo, vari zvaanofunga, kubatsira nokuti Ukrainian vanhu. Saka, mabhuku zvirongwa zhinji uye vaisagona kuziva Franco, nhetembo uye prose izvo chino vari zvakakodzera pamutemo. Mune dzimwe mabasa lyrical, gamba redu vakanyunyuta zvikuru kuti akanga asingakwanisi kuziva pfungwa dzavo dzose vari mabhuku.

Zvisinei, chaizvoizvo nemhaka universalism basa Franco, tinogona kutaura kuti mumwe vavaki ano kuUkraine rudzi. Izvi kunosimbiswa ndechokuti John Y. ichifananidzwa pamusoro mari nemasangano 20 Hryvnia. Chokwadi, chokwadi ichi chinoratidza kuti nhamba yake inokosha kwazvo Ukrainian vanhu. Kubvira muna 1992, mufananidzo Ivana Franko riri pamusoro mari ndima kukosha 20 Hryvnia. magadzirirwo ayo chikashandurwa kanoverengeka, asi mufananidzo Franco nguva dzose akasara munzvimbo.