Unicellular algae: STRUCTURAL zvinhu. Vamiririri unicellular algae

The pemvura nyika kwagara kukwezvwa munhu wake uchenjeri, kumboitika runako, kusiyana uye unexplored zvakavanzika. Amazing Animals, hunoshamisa zvirimwa zvakasiyana siyana - vose zvipenyu izvi kujairika regai kusiya munhu hanya. Kuwedzera anooneka ziso mikuru mhando kasvisto, panewo tuduku, foreseeable chete nemaikorosikopu, asi izvi hazviiti kurasikirwa kukosha kwayo uye kukosha mune zvachose biomass penyanza. Izvi chete-celled algae. Kana iwe tora zvachose kugadzirwa makemikari nyaya kunotangira pemvura zvirimwa kuti pave yakawanda iri ivo, zvisikwa tuduku uye zvinoshamisa izvi.

Algae: mukuru unhu

Kazhinji, algae - a Subkingdom Lower zvinomera. Vanopinda muboka iri nhandare kuti muviri yavo haina kusiyaniswa nhengo, uye waimiririra kuramba (dzimwe nguva dissected) thallus kana thallus. Asi, mudzi hurongwa vane urongwa aida substrate ari muchimiro rhizoids.

Ichi boka zvipenyu iguru, siyana chimiro uye mamiriro, mararamiro uye nzvimbo. Pane zvinotevera zvikamu mhuri iyi:

• dzvuku;
• shava;
• matema;
• goridhe;
• diatoms;
• cryptophytae;
• shora-rwegirini;
• euglenophytes;
• dinoflagellate.

Mumwe nomumwe madhipatimendi izvi ringaumbwa pamusoro chete-celled algae uye vamiririri zvipuka zvine masero akawanda thallus. Zvinotevera marudzi zvipenyu unowanikwa:

• yaitonga;
• filamentous;
• The akasununguka;
• zvakabatanidzwa nevamwe.

Zviratidzo nokuti kupatsanura unogona kuwana zvakawanda. Mumwe determinants inokosha zvinobatsira - nzira yekubata simba. Representatives manyoro unicellular algae vose autotrophs, vakawanda zvipuka zvine masero akawanda zvinenge mukirasi chete uye ubudise photosynthesis. Zvisinei, pane heterotrophic, mixotrophic uye kunyange parasitic siyana.

Tichadzidza muudzame chidziro, zvokurarama nazvo uye kubereka yevamiriri akanga celled zvinenge enzvimbo akasiyana algae makirasi. Ongorora basa ravo zvakasikwa uye upenyu hwevanhu.

Structural zviri unicellular algae

Ndezvipi chaizvo zvinhu anobvumira zvinenge duku izvi zviripo? Chekutanga, kunyange zvazvo vaine sero rimwe chete, asi anoita mabasa ose anokosha yose muviri:

• kukura;
• budiriro;
• udyo;
• kufema;
• kubereka;
• inofamba;
• yavaive.

Uyewo, zvinenge izvi chete-celled yokusafa chinhu kugumbuka.

In yayo womukati Murongerwo inoratidza chimwe-celled algae, anogona kushamisa vaongorori zvinobatanidzwa havana. Chete marongerwo uye organelles uye mumasero kuti zvikuru yakatanga zvinenge. Sero casing ane kwaniso yekubata yakapoteredza mwando, saka, muviri anogona anyatsofukidzwa. Izvi zvinoita algae kugadzirisa zvakawanda zvikuru, kwete chete mumakungwa, makungwa uye dzimwe miviri mvura, asi panyika.

pamwe majini zvinhu zviri musimboti inhengo zvose, kunze rwebhuruu-uswa algae, izvo prokaryotic zvinenge. Inosanganisirawo mureza muchitokisi organelles vanosungirwa:

• mitochondria;
• cytoplasm;
• endoplasmic reticulum;
• Golgi midziyo;
• lysosomes;
• ribosomes;
• Sero centre.

Feature ndiyo kuvapo plastid ine imwe ruvara (chlorophyll, xanthophyll, phycoerythrin, etc). Uyewo dzinonakidza ndechokuti algae chete-celled anogona kufamba takasununguka mumvura shongwe achishandisa mumwe kana kupfuura flagella. Zvisinei, kwete marudzi ose. Kunewo vasiyana substrate chimiro.

Distribution uye dzinogarisana

Nokuda diki kukura uye vamwe STRUCTURAL features, algae chete-celled vakakwanisa kupararira pasi pose. Ivo vanogara:

• mvura yakachena;
• makungwa, uye nyanza;
• doro;
• pemvura pamatombo, miti, matombo;
• polar bani akafukidzwa nesinou uye chando;
• aquariums.

Apo ivo chete havagoni kuwanikwa! Saka, nostokovye unicellular algae, mienzaniso yebhuruu-manyoro kana cyanobacteria - vagari permafrost Antarctica. Nokuda Zvinoumba pigments siyana, zvinenge izvi zvinoshamisa yakashongedzwa ine chando yakanaka. It echitema chando ari Pink, nezvishava, girini, nezvishava uye zvitema mavara, iyo, chokwadi, anotarisa zvakanakisa.

Green unicellular algae, mienzaniso izvo angaguma akadai: chlorella trentepohlia, chlorococcum, pleurococcus - kurarama panyika miti, kufukidza kwavo nemakwati girini unhani. Vanoita kuritenga chete noruvara pemvura mabwe, kumusoro paiva nemvura, nyika, mawere uye dzimwe nzvimbo. Vanopinda muboka chenyika kana zvemuchadenga algae.

Kazhinji, vamiririri unicellular algae zvose zvakatipoteredza, chete cherechedzai navo zvinogoneka chete pamaikirosikopu. Mumvura, mumhepo, pamusoro penyika, pasi, nemhuka vanogara tsvuku, girini uye yendarama algae, uye cyanobacteria.

Kubereka uye mararamiro

About nzira upenyu matope ukati nechimwe. Vamwe vanhu vanoda kuyangarara takasununguka mumvura, zvichiumba phytobenthos. Mamwe mhuka zvaiiswa mukati mumuviri, kuita navo vari symbiotic ukama. Vamwewo nyore vasiyana substrate uye chimiro dzaitongwa uye filaments.

Asi chokuwanziridza pamusoro unicellular algae - mumwe muitiro zvakafanana mune vamiririri zvose. Izvi zvinoitika vegetative kupesana maviri, mitosis. The pabonde kwacho kwava kushoma chaizvo uye chete pasi yaivhuvhuta ezvinhu kuvapo.

Asexual kubereka ipfupi inotevera pachikuva.

1. Preparatory. Muchitokisi rinokura uye zvikamuka, rinoungana muviri.
2. Kuderedza organelle sangano (flagella).
3. The DNA kuberekana kwacho kunotanga uye mawa paumbwe transverse constriction.
4. Centromere majini zvinhu ruchatambanudzirwa kuti nematanda siyana.
5. Padding rwunopera, uye sero rinokamukana nepakati.
6. Cytokinesis kunoitika panguva imwe chete azvaiitwa zvose.

Izvi - mutsva mwanasikana masero akafanana kuti mubereki. Vapedza kuvaka zvisipo nhengo dzomuviri uye vanotanga yakazvimirira upenyu, kukura. Saka, unicellular specimens upenyu hwaive rinotanga uye rinopera vachigoverana navo zvakanaka.

Structural zviri munyoro unicellular algae

The huru Pakanzi - munhu mupfumi munyoro ruvara, iro foni. Akatsanangura kuti sezvo chikamu plastid ruvara chlorophyll kunodzora. Ndokusaka zvinenge izvi vanokwanisa photosynthesis, kubudisa makemikari nyaya oga. Izvi zvikuru anorondedzera navo yakakwirira pamusoro kasvisto.

Uyewo, STRUCTURAL zviri mitema unicellular algae vari mitemo inotevera mukuru.

1. Spare inotonhorera - starch.
2. Izvi organelle somunhu chloroplast iri takapoteredzwa Kamudzira miviri kuti anowanika dzakakwirira zvinomera.
3. Kutama kushandisa flagella, mvere kana pachiyero. Pangave kubva kumusoro kusvika 6-8.

Zviri pachena kuti urongwa zvakasvibirira unicellular algae anovaita chaiwo pedyo zvikuru yakarongwa vamiririri pano kwemarudzi.

Ndoupi dhipatimendi ichi? Yakakurumbira vamiririri:

• chlamydomonas;
• Volvox;
• chlorella;
• pleurococcus;
• euglena mitema;
• akrosifoniya nevamwe.

Ngatikurukurei mishomanana zvipenyu izvi.

chlamydomonas

Izvi zvinoreva kuti mumiriri dhipatimendi ichi, sezvo rimwe-celled algae zvakasvibirira. Chlamydomonas - iri kunyanya Freshwater muviri une zvimwe zvinhu zviri mamiriro. It kunoratidzwa akanaka phototaxis (kufamba akananga chiedza source), nokuda pamberi pamberi kuguma photosensitive masero eyelet.

The zvipenyu Basa Chlamydomonas ndechokuti ari mugadziri reokisijeni panguva photosynthesis, munhu anokosha chikafu kwaibva nezvipfuwo. Uyewo, izvi ndizvo alga chinokonzera "vachiita" mvura miviri. Masero zviri nyore kurimwa chakagadzirwa ezvinhu, saka vanosarudza Chlamydomonas genetics sezvo chinhu yokutsvakurudza uye mumarabhoritari kuedza.

chlorella

Unicellular algae Chlorella rinorondedzerawo munyoro dhipatimendi. Its musiyano mukuru kubva vamwe vose kuti iye anogara chete mvura yakachena, asi zviri isina muchitokisi flagella. Photosynthetic chinzvimbo kunoita kushandisa chlorella seinokonzera okisijeni iri muchadenga (ngarava, zvombo).

Inside muchitokisi ine rakasiyana akagadzirwa zvinovaka muviri uye mavhitaminzi kuti alga uyu aikosha sezvinoita zvokudya yezvipfuwo. Kunyange munhu anoridya kudya zvingabatsira chaizvo, nokuti 50% of puroteni iri kuronga rwiyo wayo mukuru mune simba ukoshi zvirimwa zvakawanda. Zvisinei, sezvo zvokudya vanhu, harusati kubatwa pamusoro.

Asi chlorella rave kushandiswa zvinobudirira nokuti chaivo mvura yokunatsa. Watch Muviri uyu anogona kuva ari girazi mugaba pamwe mira mvura. Pamadziro vakaumba tsvedza unhani manyoro. Ichi chlorella.

euglena girini

Unicellular algae ndiko euglena mutema, raiva pamberi dhipatimendi euglenophytes. Kujairika, elongated ane wakananga kuguma muviri chimiro inoita zvakasiyana nevamwe. Rinewo chiedza-inonyatsoziva ziso uye flagella kuti kushingaira kufamba. An dzinonakidza Chokwadi ndechokuti euglena - mixotrophy. Inogona dzinofambiswa heterogeneous, asi kazhinji kacho anoita chirongwa photosynthesis.

Kwenguva refu kwaiva nokukakavara pamusoro chavanopinda ari muviri kune umambo. Maererano mberi inobudisa mhuka, pane dzimwe - muti. It anogara yakasviba mumvura Organic residues.

pleurococcus

Izvi vakagumisa mitema zvipenyu kurarama pamatombo, pasi, ibwe, namatanda. Kuumba rinokwanisa kucheneruka-nyoro patina pamusoro hukawanika. Nderake mhuri Hetoforovye zvakasvibirira algae Division.

Kuti pleurococcus anogona nomugungwa mumasango, sezvo rinopedza chete kurutivi rwokumusoro miti.

diatoms

Algae vari unicellular diatom marudzi uye zvose ukama nayo. Pamwe chete vanoumba diatoms, izvo zvakasiyana anonakidza chinhu. Pamusoro sero akafukidzwa yakanaka hwakarongwa goko, iro muenzaniso dzinongoitika munyu nesilicon wayo oxide. Dzimwe nguva mapatani aya zvokuti incredible kuti zvinoita sokuti ndiye zvimwe mapurani marongerwo kana kunzwisisa mufananidzo womufananidzo.

Nokufamba kwenguva, vamiririri vakafa diatoms vanoumba deposits chinokosha pamatombo, dzinoshandiswa nevanhu. Sezvo chikamu sero riri hunodzorwa xanthophylls, saka noruvara yendarama algae izvi. Ivo zvokudya zvinokosha mhuka zvomumvura, nokuti zvinoumba chinokosha chikamu plankton.

dzvuku algae

Zviri kwemarudzi izvi, ruvara izvo zvichisiyana chiedza dzvuku kuti Orange uye maroon. Sezvo chikamu sero riri hunodzorwa dzimwe pigments kuti tunodzivisa chlorophyll. Tiri kuziva tsvuku algae, unicellular siyana.

To boka iri muridzi kirasi bangievyh algae, izvo unotora 100 marudzi. Izvi, rinokosha chinosanganisira chete-celled. Musiyano mukuru ndiye predominance pamusoro carotenes uye xanthophylls, phycobilins pakati chlorophyll. Izvi anotsanangura mufananidzo dhipatimendi vamiririri. Pane zvakawanda zvinenge Inonyanya pakati unicellular dzvuku algae:

• porfiridium.
• hrootetse.
• geotrihum.
• asterotsitis.

The huru dzinogarisana - nenyanza uye zvomumvura mvura unozvidzora latitudes. In dzinopisa, vari vashoma zvikuru.

Porfiridium

Watch inogarwa unicellular algae kwemarudzi, uye vose anogona. Vanoumba ropa-tsvuku firimu pasi, masvingo uye zvimwe nyoro hukawanika. zvisikwa roga kashoma, kunyanya nokuunganidza mapoka vakapoteredzwa madzihwa.

Man aimbodzidza pezvakaitwa zvakadai photosynthesis mu unicellular uye paumbwe polysaccharide mamorekuru mukati zvinenge.

Hrootetse

alga Izvi zvakare unicellular uye ndezvaiye weDhipatimendi tsvuku, kirasi bangievyh. Its chikuru runoratidza - ndiye paumbwe "makumbo" mucous kuisa kusvika substrate. Sezvineiwo, ichi "gumbo" muviri anogona kusapfuudza kukura anenge ka50. Madzihwa ari zvinoberekwa sero racho nedanho upenyu.

Zvapera muviri iri nevhu uyewo kuumba chinooneka dzvuku unhani, tsvedza kuti ikabatwa.