Upenyu Personal uye Biography Tsiolkovskogo Konstantina Eduardovicha. Kuita uye kuvamba Tsiolkovskii

Biography pamusoro Tsiolkovsky Zvinofadza kwete chete maererano nokubudirira, kunyange vane musayendisiti ichi chikuru chaiva mujenya. Tsiolkovsky anozivikanwa nevakawanda sezvo yokuvaka rokutanga womuenzaniso chitundumuseremusere, kukwanisawo kubhururuka muchadenga. Uyezve, ndiye musayendisiti mbiri mumunda aeroastronavtiki, aerodynamics uye aeronautics. Izvi nzvimbo musayendisiti wenyika vakakurumbira. Biography pamusoro Tsiolkovsky muenzaniso kutsungirira. Kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomesesa, haana akaramba kuramba nesayenzi basa.

Origin, pauduku

Tsiolkovskiy Konstantin Eduardovich (Makore oupenyu - 1857-1935) akaberekwa musi 09/17/1857 muna Ryazan, mumusha Izhevsk. Zvisinei, akagara pano kwenguva refu. Paaiva 3 nemakore, muna Ignatievitch Edward, baba musayendisiti, nematambudziko mubasa rakatangwa. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, mhuri Tsiolkovsky kwakaita muna 1860 muna Ryazan.

Amai vaiita kwokutanga inotungamirwa Constantine nehama dzake. Zvakanga iye uyo akadzidzisa kuti kuverenga uye kunyora, uyewo tinyatsoziva zvinokosha svomhu. "Tales" Aleksandra Afanaseva - bhuku akadzidza kuverenga Tsiolkovsky pairi. vakadzidzisa mai vake mwanakomana wake arufabheti chete uye sei kuti iumbe mashoko kubva tsamba, Kostya wafungidzira pachake.

Paaiva 9 makore Akabata chando pashure sledding nezvitsvuku fivhiri. Hosha iri kuomesa, zvakazoita nokurasikirwa kunzwa Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky. Matsi Constantine haana mwoyo, regai kufinhwa muupenyu. Panguva ino kuti akatanga kuti zvematongerwo umhizha. Tsiolkovsky aida kuita mapepa nemifananidzo siyana.

Edward Ignatievich muna 1868 zvakare kusiya pasina basa. Mhuri yakatamira Vyatka. Pano, hama akabatsira Edward kuwana basa idzva.

Education in jimunasiyamu, rufu hanzvadzi yake namai

Constantine, pamwe Ignatius, munun'una wake, akava kudzidza mukono Vyatka jimunasiyamu muna 1869. Tanetseka chaizvo, akapiwa dzidzo - kwaiva nyaya dzakawanda, uye vadzidzisi vaiva kuomesa. Mukuwedzera, zvikuru kusanzwa chaitadzisa mukomana. Chete gore akaona rufu Dmitry dzakura Constantine mukoma. Iye akadzungudza mhuri yose, asi kupfuura zvose - vake mai, Maria Ivanovna (wake mufananidzo kusimuka pamusoro), izvo chaizvo kwazvo mapfupa. Muna 1870, iye akafa pakarepo.

Amai rufu kwakakatyamadza mukomana. Uye kuti asati haana zvikuru ruzivo Ziolkowski akatanga kudzidza kuipa. Chakazozivikanwa acutely kunzwa kusanzwa kwavo, nekuti izvo zvava yoga zvikuru. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Tsiolkovsky kazhinji kurangwa nokuda antics ake, kunyange awana kutonhora. Constantine aiva gore rechipiri mugiredhi rechipiri. Zvadaro, kirasi yechitatu (muna 1873), akanga akadzingwa. More Tsiolkovsky hapana uye kumbodzidza. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, akashanda tisingatungamirirwi.

nokuzvidzora dzidzo

Ndipo apo Tsiolkovsky akawana kudanwa wechokwadi. The Jaya vakatanga kugamuchira dzidzo pachavo. Books, kusiyana girama mudzidzisi, norupo kugovera Tsiolkovsky ruzivo uye haana achitsoropodzwa. Ipapo Constantine akabatana vezvesayenzi uye michina okugadzira zvinhu. Tsiolkovsky akasika lathe pamba, uyewo zvimwe zvinonakidza zvigadzirwa.

Life muMoscow

Edward Ignatievich nokudavira mano mwanakomana wake, kumutumira kuMoscow, saka iye muChikoro School of Engineering (zvino MSTU. Bauman). Izvi zvakaitika muna July 1873. Asi Kostya kuchikoro uye handina kumboita vamwe vasingazivikanwi chikonzero. Akaramba Muperekedzi muMoscow. Tsiolkovsky akararama chaizvo havaratidzi, asi strived neruzivo. Akapedza pamusoro midziyo uye mabhuku vakatumwa baba mari vakaponeswa.

The Jaya akaenda ose zuva muna Chertkovsky raibhurari, apo akadzidza sayenzi. Pano akasangana naye Nikolaem Fedorovichem Fedorovym, muvambi Russian cosmism. Uyu yakatsiva Constantine yunivhesiti mapurofesa.

Tsiolkovsky gore upenyu rokutanga muMoscow, akadzidza wefizikisi uye masvomhu kutanga. Vakazovatevera chinokosha uye differential calculus, idenderedzwa uye Analytical geometry, yepamusoro nemasvomhu. Gare gare, Constantine vakadzidza Vanamakanika, kemisitiri, uye zvenyeredzi. Nokuti 3 makore Inoziva chirongwa girama chikoro, uyewo huru chikamu kuyunivhesiti. Baba nguva ino vasingagoni kupa upenyu Tsiolkovsky muMoscow. Constantine kumba mumatsutso 1876, taneta uye simba.

private zvidzidzo

Basa rakaoma uye hasha zvinhu zvakatungamirira nokuderera wezvakaonekwa. Ziolkowski akatanga kupfeka magirazi Ndadzoka kumba. Kudzorera simba, akatanga kupa zvidzidzo oga masvomhu uye wefizikisi. Papera chinguva, iye isingachadiwi vadzidzi, sezvo akaratidza kuva mudzidzisi mukuru. Tsiolkovsky akashandisa pedyo nzira yakatanga naye mufambiro zvidzidzo, pakati raiva huru kuona vairatidzira. Tsiolkovsky nokuti geometry zvidzidzo akaita yokutevedzera pamusoro polyhedrons zvakagadzirwa bepa, vakabata pamwe vadzidzi kuedza zviri wefizikisi. Izvi vaiwana iye mukurumbira mudzidzisi, zvakajeka vachitsanangura acho. Vadzidzi vakada Tsiolkovsky makirasi apo zvakanga nguva dzose dzinonakidza.

Rufu munin'ina wake, zvinobudirira bvunzo

Ignatius, muduku mukoma Constantine, akafa pakupera 1876 Hama dzaiva pedyo chaizvo kubva pauduku, saka rufu rwake rwakanga nokuuraya kukuru kuna Constantine. mhuri Ziolkowski muna 1878 vakadzokera Ryazan.

Constantine pakarepo pashure asvika vakapfuura kuongororwa yokurapa, migumisiro iyo nekuda kusanzwa akasunungurwa kubva muchiuto. Kuti tirambe tichishanda somudzidzisi, kuti zvinoda simbiso zvinodiwa. Uye Tsiolkovsky akagadzirisa dambudziko iri - kuwa 1879 akapfuura kuti bvunzo sezvo mudzidzi ane kwokunze pakutanga dzematunhu jimunasiyamu. Zvino pamutemo akava mudzidzisi wemasvomhu Tsiolkovskiy Konstantin Eduardovich.

upenyu Personal

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky Muzhizha 1880, akaroora mwanasikana muridzi mukamuri yaairarama. Uye muna January 1881, akafa Eduard Ignatievich.

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky vana: mwanasikana uye vanakomana vatatu Rudo - Ignatius, Alexander uye Ivan.

Kushanda chikoro Borovsk woruwa, okutanga mapepa hwesayenzi

Tsiolkovsky aishanda mudzidzisi chikoro reruwa Borovsk, mu zvakafanana uchidzidza pamba. Akaita vanodhirowa, akashanda ari manyoro, vaedza. basa rake rokutanga rakanyorwa musi hurongwa mu zvipenyu. Tsiolkovsky muna 1881 akasika basa rake rokutanga kuti anogona kunzi zvechokwadi zvesayenzi. Tiri kutaura "dzidziso magasi". Asi akaziva kubva Di Mendeleev kuti kuwanikwa dzidziso iyi yakaitika makore 10 apfuura. Tsiolkovsky, pasinei chipingamupinyi, akaramba zvidzidzo ake.

Development of chibharuma mamiriro

Mumwe matambudziko makuru, izvo ravanofanira naye kwenguva refu, aiva dzidziso Balloons. Kwapera nguva Tsiolkovsky akaziva kuti ichi chaiyo dambudziko iri kuzoteerera. The musayendisiti yakatanga pamasikiro chibharuma ake. Mugumisiro basa rakanga Tsiolkovsky "Dzidziso uye zvakaitika chibharuma ..." (1885-86 gg.). In basa iri rakanga wakarurama kusikwa vangasimudzira itsva chakagadzirwa airship ane marata deko.

House moto Tsiolkovsky

Biography pakati Tsiolkovsky akacherekedza zvinosuwisa yaApril 23, 1887 Pazuva iri, akadzoka achibva Moscow pashure michina yake mushumo. Panguva kuti moto yakaitika mumba Tsiolkovsky. Wakapisa yokutevedzera, manyoro, raibhurari, vanodhirowa vose mhuri pfuma, kunze wokusonesa (rakanga akandwe pachivanze napahwindo). Zvakanga kurohwa zvakasimba kwazvo Tsiolkovsky. Akataura manzwiro ake uye pfungwa yokuverenga yakanzi "Prayer."

Kutamira Kaluga, mabasa matsva uye zvidzidzo

DS Unkovsky, Director zvikoro zvokutanga, 27 January 1892 zvinganaka kutamira pachikoro Kaluga mumwe "kushingaira" uye "kukwanisa" evadzidzisi. Pano Tsiolkovsky akararama kusvikira parufu rwake. Kubva 1892 akazoshanda Kaluga mudzidzisi geometry uye svomhu chikoro weruwa. Kubvira 1899, musayendisiti akapawo zvidzidzo wefizikisi mune madzimai Diocesan School. Tsiolkovsky akanyora Kaluga mabasa avo huru pamusoro dzidziso ndege propulsion, Aerospace, nzvimbo zvipenyu uye mishonga. Uyezve, akaramba basa iri dzidziso esimbi dirigible Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Photos akapa pazasi - mufananidzo shongwe musayendisiti muMoscow.

Muna 1921, pashure kuguma kudzidzisa, akapiwa hwose pachako mudyandigere. Kubva panguva iyoyo kusvikira paakafa Tsiolkovsky Biography anozivikanwa nokunyudzwa ari kudzidza, Implementation muzvirongwa, kufambiswa pfungwa dzavo. Kudzidzisa Hakusisiri kuroorana.

Most zvakaoma nguva

Panonyanyisa Tsiolkovsky kuva makore 15 remakore rechi20 rokutanga. Ignatius, mwanakomana wake, vakazviuraya muna 1902. Mukuwedzera, muna 1908, imba yake mumakore mafashamu of Oka River nemafashamo. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, takanga akagogodza kubva muchina uye Exhibits zhinji, vakarasikirwa nemamwe Masvomhu dzakawanda.

moto First, ipapo mafashamo ... Kunenge kuti Tsiolkovsky kwete ushamwari usakurirwe okunze. Nenzira, yeuka moto 2001, kwakaitika pamusoro Russian chikepe. Chikepe abatwa moto, musi July 13 gore rino - "Konstantin Tsiolkovsky," chikepe. Sezvineiwo, apo pasina munhu akaurayiwa, asi chikepe pachayo zvakaipisisa sousingabatsiri. Inside, zvose zviri kupiswa somoto muna 1887, izvo rakapona Konstantin Tsiolkovsky.

Biography ake Kunoonekwa nematambudziko zvingadai vakaputsa zhinji, asi kwete nomukurumbira ucheogo. Uye upenyu hwake mushure mechinguva zvakava nyore. Russian vanhu vanoda mirovedeniya June 5, 1919 musayendisiti akaita jongwe ake uye vamutarira mudyandigere. Izvi akaponesa Tsiolkovsky kubva nenzara munguva Kuvhiringidza, sezvo Socialist Academy June 30, 1919 havana kumugamuchira kupinda mumapoka avo uye nokudaro vasara pasina nechouviri. Zvinorehwa mienzaniso akapa Tsiolkovsky asina vaikoshesa muna Physico-Chemical Society. Muna 1923, Alexander, mwanakomana wake wechipiri, akatora upenyu hwake.

Kuziva utungamiri bato

Zviremera zveSoviet vakayeuchidzwa Tsiolkovsky chete muna 1923, pashure akaita H. Oberth, German yefizikisi, racho chitundumuseremusere injini uye kufamba muchadenga. Kurarama uye kushanda ezvinhu Tsiolkovsky akabva achinja zvikuru. Party utungamiriri pamusoro USSR akavhomora pfungwa dzakadai vakakurumbira masayendisiti sezvo Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Biography yake yagara kwakaratidzwa vakawanda kubudirira, asi havana kufarira simba zvenyika ino kuti imwe nguva. Uye muna 1923, musayendisiti akagadzwa pachavo mudyandigere, akapa zvinhu nokuda kwebasa zvibereko. A November 9, 1921 akatanga kubhadhara mudyandigere uye kuti mabasa ake kuti sayenzi. Tsiolkovsky akagamuchira mari izvi kusvikira September 19, 1935 Pazuva uyu akafa Kaluga, rwakazokura musha wake, Tsiolkovskiy Konstantin Eduardovich.

kubudirira

Tsiolkovsky zvinganaka zvinoverengeka pfungwa kuti ndakawana kushanda mu chitundumuseremusere. Izvi gasi zvidzoreso Panyaya kutiza chitundumuseremusere; kushandiswa propellants kuti kutonhora chokunze goko chikepe panguva kundopinda chitundumusere-musere muvhu muchadenga uye vamwe. In munda chitundumuseremusere rinochiwedzera, pano akaratidza Ziolkowski. Kuongororwa muzvizhinji dzakasiyana rinochiwedzera uye oxidants, yakarumbidza kushandisa mafuta mhute: okisijeni pamwe Mahydrocarbon kana rehydrogen Tsiolkovskiy Konstantin Eduardovich. kuvamba ake zvinosanganisira zano turbomachine. Uyezve, iye yakabudiswa muna 1927 zano uye dzidziso chitima mhepo pamutsago. First akafunga chassis, zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope pasi muviri, aiva Tsiolkovskiy Konstantin Eduardovich. Kuti yagadzirwa ikozvino munoziva. Airship uye kufamba muchadenga - matambudziko huru kuti musayendisiti akaita akatsaurira upenyu hwake hwose.

In Kaluga, mumwe miziyamu kuti nhoroondo astronautics ainzi pashure musayendisiti ichi, umo munogona kudzidza zvakawanda, kusanganisira pamusoro masayendisiti zvakadai, sezvo Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Photos of miziyamu chivako rinotaurwa kumusoro. In mhedziso, ndinoda kutaura mashoko. munyori wayo - Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Quotes azivikanwe kuti vazhinji, uye ichi, zvichida, imi munoziva. "The Nyika ine Dzinde mupfungwa, asi munhu haagoni kurarama nokusingaperi paucheche," - akati mumwe Tsiolkovsky. Nhasi mashoko aya riri pasuo paki kwavari. Tsiolkovsky (Kaluga), apo iye akavigwa musayendisiti.