Uripi pachitsuwa Spitsbergen. Chitsuwa Svalbard muridzi?

Chitsuwa Svalbard anoramba vakawanda vokuRussia, rudzi "maa incognita" - dzisina nyika. Vamwe vanhu kunyange zvakaoma kupindura mubvunzo pamusoro rupi mundima. Vanhu vakawanda vanoziva chete kuti Svalbard riri pane imwe nzvimbo iri kure kuchamhembe, mhiri kweArctic Circle uye Russian Federation ane vamwe zvakanaka.

Kana zvakakodzera kuenzanisa chitsuwa ichi pamwe Kurils? Tichakurukura kutsanangura mubvunzo pazasi. Pasinei nzvimbo "anenge ari North Pole", mufambe Svalbard dzakakurumbira chaizvo. Kuti mashoko kana kuenda polar nomunda, apo kugara uye chii kuona, tichaita tsanangura munyaya ino.

Uripi chitsuwa Spitsbergen

Ngatitange duku kunatsiridza. Chokwadi kuti tsanangudzo "chitsuwa" pachinhu Svalbard achava kururama. zvitsuwa ichi. It nhema chete nehafu yeawa kutiza kubva North Pole. Uye nekuti randinenge nzvimbo - zvisingaperi chando gwenga, permafrost, polar unobereka.

Rezvitsuwa, ane zvachose nharaunda makumi matanhatu nechiuru chimwe mativi makiromita, ine zvitsuwa zvitatu guru, nomwe duku uye vakawanda kwazvo duku. Zvirokwazvo anogara chete chikuru - West Spitsbergen (37,673 km ^2). Pane yendege mumwe chete uye guta guru nharaunda, guta Longyearbyen.

Kunze kwayo, kuWest Spitsbergen pane nemisha: Barentsburg, Ny-Alesund, Grumant uye Pyramid. zvino okupedzisira vaviri vari dongo. On dzimwe zvitsuwa (North-East Land, Edge, Barents, White, Kongsøya, Wilhelm Svenskøya) vanhu vasingagari vanopfuura gumi nevaviri, uye kunyange panguva iyoyo chete muzhizha. The Vagari yose rezvitsuwa vanhu zvishoma pane zviuru zvitatu.

Climate

Spitsbergen Island iri kweArctic Ocean pakati 76 M uye 80 madhigirii rwokumusoro Latitude uye 10 ° -32 ° ose mabvazuva Longitude. Zvisinei, urongwa uhwu hazvirevi kuti rezvitsuwa - yakasimba peArctic gwenga. Nokuda Shpitsbergskomu rwizi (a bazi Gulf Stream) Gungwa nemhenderekedzo kumbobvira yaita chando. Okunze ari rezvitsuwa hakusi kwazvo sezvo dzimwe nzvimbo iri chete Latitude. Somuenzaniso, paavhareji tembiricha iri January pano 11-15 madhigirii pazasi razero. chete +6 ° C avete July lämpömittari.

The nzvimbo mwaka pane vaviri: kubva March kusvika Dai kunouya mafeni kuti chando kunonakidza uye vanoda kubatana utsinye polar chando. Ivo makatasva snowmobiles, vayemura chokuchamhembe. Kubva June kusvika August rezvitsuwa ashanyirwe yakasiyana zvachose vateereri. Vashanyi kunakidzwa polar zuva, Kayaking pakati icebergs, ndichiona polar unobereka. Kune vaya vanoona rezvitsuwa ichi sezvo dzaifanoiswa mujinga munzira kuenda North Pole.

muzvarirwo

VomuNorway dana chitsuwa Spitsbergen Svalbard, zvichireva "nechando mucheto. ' A Dutchman Barents anonzi rezvitsuwa haisi okunze unhu, uye yokuyamura - ". Rakananga Mountains" Mumutauro akawana ichi unorira Spitz-Bergen. The soro yepamusoro ndiye Newton. It riri kuWest Spitsbergen. kukwirira kwayo haisi yakakurisa - 1712 metres, asi nenzvimbo nzvimbo yemakomo ndokuita zidombo nesinou.

Panzira, kuti mazizaya akafukidza vanopfuura hafu yacho yose yezvitsuwa iyi. Kunyange muzhizha unogona kuwana zviwi chando. Coast neezviwi dzinobviswa, fjords zhinji. Zvinomera Ndiwo achinaya mvura. Anosangana ari zvipfupi Birch, polar the willow, lichens uye mosses. The inonyanya mhuka - the Bheya rakamira pachando. Vanorarama pano sezvo gava uye Svalbard poro (the diminutive kuchamhembe kwemarudzi ose). Shiri kunyanya ngadzibhururuke munguva yezhizha. In yechando, panongova polar hwari. Asi gungwa kunhivi mhenderekedzo Spitsbergen zvinokambaira pamwe siyana mhuka. Pano vanowanikwa hove huru, walruses, beluga hove huru uye zvisimbiso.

nyaya

Ungangove, rezvitsuwa yakawanikwa Ages VaViking. In yenhau 1194 kunotaurwa ukomba hwakanga huchiipoteredza Svalbard. Inenge kubva XVII remakore, Spitsbergen chitsuwa pakuzivikanwa Pomerania. Avo akamuti Grumant. Nokuti nyika yakashama rezvitsuwa Dutch aiongorora William Barents muna 1596, kunyange zvazvo vanenge panguva yakaonekwa chitsuwa, ndokudana nyika machati Vasande Russian.

Sezvo Barents akatsanangura kuti kunoonekwa dzemo mvura huru hove huru, vakamhanyira nemahombekombe nezvikepe zvizhinji hove. Nokukurumidza kutaura zvavo kuzvitsuwa akatanga kuratidza Denmark uye muUK. Mumakore 60 nemisere remakore, pane vaviri nzendo kwesayenzi vakashanya, akarongwa neZvapupu M. Lomonosov.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti Russian haasimbiswi pane musha, vamwe mhenderekedzo-vanogara pano muzhizha kuti hove. Kana mhuka rezvitsuwa anoramba achitsoropodza pasi, chitsuwa kwakaregwa kwemakore zana. A sefungu chitsva kufarira Svalbard yakabuda pakutanga kwezana XIX-XX emakore, kana vanhu ndeyokubvisa kusvika North Pole. chando mvura Free uye hwakanyatsorwisa munyoro dzinotaurwa chitsuwa vaishandisa Arctic rwendo. Svalbard rava rakakura pokutangira nechimwe.

Chitsuwa Svalbard: muridzi?

Kana rezvitsuwa simba marasha deposits vaakawana kufarira Lost Isles mu kweArctic Circle kwakawedzera kamwe zvakare. Asi muna 1920, mubvunzo wehurumende nyika varidzi pakupedzisira nyika asarudza. In Paris rakanga yakasainwa anonzi Spitsbergen Treaty, maererano iyo uchangamire rezvitsuwa abve Norway. Zvisinei, maererano chibvumirano ichi, mapato ose ari chibvumirano (the UK, US, France, Japan, Sweden, Italy, Netherlands, uye gare gare Soviet Union) wachengeta kodzero kuva zvicherwa.

Ko ndinoda vhiza kushanyira rezvitsuwa?

Tichingotarisa, kwete. Pashure pezvose, hazvinei ane chitsuwa Spitsbergen, vagari izvi zvose kunyika signatories vakasununguka kuzoshanyira yezvitsuwa. Zvisinei, muna tsika, kuwana Svalbard zvakananga kubva Russia hakusi nyore kudaro. Chete mumwaka imomo neapo vakatumira bumbiro Flights, uye zvigaro zviri ndege kungoitwa vaongorori polar kana vashandi. Naizvozvo, vashanyi vane kubhururuka Via Oslo (SAS makambani uye "Norwegian Airlines"). Izvi zvinoda mazhinji Schengen vhiza kupinda Norway. Unogona kushanyira rezvitsuwa uye mukufamba nacho rwendo riri munyanza liner, "Kapitan Khlebnikov".

ushanyi

Vakuru Norwegian vakurumidza kwazvo refocused upfumi rezvitsuwa ari ezvinhu kudzikira vagari hove huru uye polar mabheya, uye kuwa muna marasha mitengo. Zvino mukuru kufarira ecotourism. mirayiridzo itsva. Saka kure, zviuru zviviri chete vashanyi gore negore vanoshanyira chitsuwa chando. Regai kuita kuti kukura indasitiri ino uye mutengo. Pano zvose zvinodhura: kubva pahotera mukamuri (nyore upfumi shanduro kuchaita kudhura madhora zana chete usiku) pamberi kudya. Zvisinei, vashanyi vapfumi ichi haagumiri. The simukai kuna mazitombo echando, gungwa Rafting, imbwa sledding, Zvisaririra yakaungana (pakati rezvitsuwa kwazvo) - vose vanobatanidzwa rokumanikidzirwa chirongwa.

Islands - basa-mubhadharo wezvokutengeserana wongoramba. Nemhaka yake, iyo Vagari rezvitsuwa mupenyu vomuNorway akapfuma pamusoro kondinendi. Kubva Vashandi pamutemo kudzivirirwa pachitsuwa Spitsbergen. Basa iri migodhi zhinji akamira uye vatendeuka kuva miziyamu. Usarega kugadzirwa marasha chete miners Russian. Kunyange zvazvo kugadzirwa ichi hachisi zvinobatsira uye subsidized neHurumende.

mari wokupomera

Muna 1993, kuti kuyeukwa mari "Spitsbergen Island" yakanga yakagadzirwa ne Moscow dare. It akaratidza Bheya rakamira pachando uye mepu yacho yezvitsuwa. Sezvo mari yakanga chinyorwa "Russian Federation", Norway akatora ichi sezvo kurwiswa pamusoro munharaunda yayo. The nedzenyu mutsara yaigadziriswa chete kana mari yakanga wakasuduruka wechiGeorgian. Kuramba mumaoko vateresi Mari vari kumusoro kudiwa.