USA, Communist Party: kana yakagadzirwa, pfungwa, basa

Muna 1919, muhupenyu hwevanhu veAmerica vezvematongerwe enyika vaifungidzira chirevo cheMarxism-Leninism, chiitiko chakakosha chakaitika: maviri emapoka avo makuru, mumwe akatungamirirwa naCharles Rutenberg uye mumwewo naJohn Reed, akakwanisa kubatana, uye somugumisiro, Communist Party yeUnited States of America .

Kutanga kweGadziriro yeChechi

Kubvira pakatanga, yakasvika pasi pechisungo chakaoma chehurumende yeAmerican system, kuva chinhu chezviito zvesimba zvinotarisirwa kurwisa izvo zvinonzi "tsvuku tsvuku". Tinofanira kuyeuka zvisingazozivikanwi "kurwisana kwePalmer", kunotungamirirwa kurudzi rwemapapiro ekuruboshwe uye marudzi ese evanarchists, pamwe chete nezvimwe zviito zvakafanana.

ICommunist Party yeUnited States yakagamuchira zita rayo iripo muna 1929 chete, munguva yakapfuura yainzi vaMabasa 'Party yeAmerica. Inofanirwa kubvumwa kuti muhafu yekutanga yezana remakumi maviri nemakumi maviri aya iyi ndiyo yakakosha yeboka reMarxist kunyengetedza.

Nguva dzekumuka nekuwa

Pakati pezviitiko zvakawanda zvezvematongerwe enyika izvo zvakaedza kuita kuti vanhu vekuAmerica vatevedzeri mune imwe nzira kana imwe, basa rakakosha zvikuru mubasa rekushanda kwemazana iwayo rakashevedzwa neCommunist Party yeUnited States. TSB - The Great Soviet Encyclopedia - inotsanangura data maererano nezvayo panguva iyi nhengo dzayo dzaive nevanhu vanopfuura zana remakore. Maererano nevatsvakurudzi, nhamba yepamusoro yebato iri inowira muna 1939.

Zvisinei, mumakumi mashanu makanga mune kuderera kukuru mukududzirwa kwevaKomonisiti. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nechokwadi chokuti kune vakawanda yakava pachena kuti pedo yavo uye, sezvazvakazoitika, kusazvibatanidza kubatana pamwe nehurumende yeU.SR, uyewo kutsigirwa kwemhando dzose dze "itsva yakasara" uye "pacifists".

Dirty money

Iyi yakanga isiri fikisi, sezvo yakanyorwa kuti kare muna 1987, Soviet Communist yakaendesa madhora mazana matatu emadhora kune dzimwe nyika dzekune dzimwe nyika. Zvisinei, perestroika yakauya, uye Mikhail Gorbachev akavhara maresiro avo emari.

Sezvo yakazozivikanwa mumakore achangobva kupfuura, Communist Party yeU.SA yakanga isiri kupesana pasina yeCPSU, asi yakashanda nesimba kuburikidza nemari yakagamuchirwa. Zvizhinji zvezvivakwa zvaro zvaive pasi pekutungamirirwa zvakananga kweGrU neN NKVD. Nenzira, maererano nevaAmerica pachavo, huwandu hwakawanda hwevanhu vakatongerwa kubatanidzwa neSoviet uroyi hwaive nhengo dzeCommunist Party.

Muna Gumiguru 1948, US Congress yakapa hurukuro yevanhu pachiitiko ichi. Vakuru vakuru ndivo vaiva Whittaker Chambers naElizabeth Bentley - vaimbova Soviet vashandi, uyewo nhengo dzakawanda dzeCommunist Party, dzakapomerwa zvekupikira. Uchapupu hwavo hwakanga husingagadzirwi kupupurirwa nezvinyorwa zvemafirimu akatumirwa kubva munharaunda yeU.SA. ICommunityist Party, iyo yakanga yatodarika mukurumbira panguva iyoyo, semugumisiro wekutsvaira uku, yakawana mufananidzo we "chinyorwa chechishanu".

Nguva dzakaoma

Pakazosvika makumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu, anenge zana nemakumi mana emakomunisiti, kusanganisira nhengo dzepati nevashandi varo, vakatongerwa mitemo yakasiyana-siyana yekuiswa mujeri nedare rekutonga. Chikonzero chei ichi chaive murairo, unozivikanwa se "Act of Smith", iyo inopa kurangwa kune mumwe nomumwe, neimwe nzira kana imwe, iyo inobatsira pakuparadzwa kwehurumende inobvumirwa.

Pamusana pekuti zvikamu zvezviito zvinowira pasi pezvinyorwa zvemurairo uyu zvakarondedzerwa nenzira isina kujeka, zvinogona kushandiswa kutumira chero munhu asina kudiwa, uyo aigara asingadi, uye aiwanzoshandiswa simba reAmerica. Munguva imwecheteyo, sangano rehurumende rehurumende rakaitwa, iro rakagadziriswa kubvisa zvisungo zvehurumende gumi nerimwe zvakatsigirwa neCommunity Party yeUnited States. Nokudaro, sangano rekushanda rakaratidza chido chayo chekuzviparadzanisa pachako kubva kune imwe sangano rezvematongerwe enyika.

Period ye "McCarthyism"

Kubva kutanga kwema makumi mashanu, kufamba kwevakadanwa McCarthyites - vatsigiri veSenator yeUnited States Joseph Raymond McCarthy - yatanga munyika, vachitsigira kubviswa kwechisimba kwema Communist uye anti-America manzwiro munzanga. Nzvimbo yake yakawana rubatsiro rwakakura pakati pevanhu, izvo zvakawedzera mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kare umo US Communist Party yakazviwana. Kurambidzwa pamabasa ayo kwakanga kusina kuiswa, asi, zvisinei, kugadzikana nekugadzirwa kwemukati kwesangano kwakanyongodzwa kwazvo.

Kuti iwedzere mberi, mabasa eCommunist akava chinhu chekutambudzwa kwaFBI mune hurongwa hwepurogiramu yakatangwa mumakore iwayo kupedza mabasa ehurumende nehupi. Ichi chaiva chikonzero chekuti nhengo dzakawanda dzemazuva emutambo, vasingadi kuve nedambudziko, dzakasiya chimiro chayo, uye avo vashandi vakanga vachiri kukurumidzira kuzivisa pachena kuvimbika kwavo kuzviremera.

Kudzokorora kwepakati pepakati mumakumi matanhatu

Mumakumi matanhatu, Communist Party yeUnited States yakanyanya kuwedzera mabasa ayo nekuda kwekupinda mavari ve pacifists - nhengo dzehutungamiri hwevanhu, avo vakatsigira runyararo uye kurambwa kwechigadziriswe chezvinetso zvepasi rose nehondo. Panguva imwecheteyo, vatsva vanobva kuruboshwe vakabatana pamatare emakomunisti.

Vaiva vamiririri vesangano reMarxist kunyengetedza, asi mumagariro avo vaitora nzvimbo dzakasara dzakasara. Vakataura zvinopesana nekushaikwa kwekunamata kweZvenyika dzekuMadokero, chido chakapararira chekubatsira uye kuputsa tsika dzetsika. Vatungamiri vechiKomonisiti mumakore iwayo vakatsigira zvakasimba Civil Rights Movement, vakatungamirirwa naMartin Luther King, uyo akazourayiwa zvakare.

Chikamu chakaparadzana chemakore makumi masere

Kusiyana pakati peKomonisiti yeAmerica neCPSU kwakaitika munguva yekupera kwema1980, apo vakatsoropodza perestroika inogara iri muRussia. Rusununguko rwakadaro runodhura iwo zvikuru, uye nenzira chaiyo yeshoko. Kubva muna 1989, vaKremlin vakamira kupa vatsigiri rwemari kwavari.

Kusakosha kwemari kwakavhiringidza pfungwa dzisina kukodzera dzevamwe vomukomana veAmerica, uye pamusangano unoshamisa wakaitwa mugore ra1 1991, chikamu chavo chakatsigira kurambwa kweLeninism nekudzokorora kune hutungamiri hwehurumende.

Izvo "refuseniks", inofanirwa kubvumwa, yakave iri mudiki uye zvakare, mushure mokusiya pato, vakagadzira sangano rezvematongerwe enyika rakasimudzira. Zvisinei, nekubva kwavo, vakaparadzanisa maCommunist, izvo zvakanyanyisa kusimba avo vekare vaiva nhengo.

Bato rinoramba kurwisana

Pakati pemasangano ezvematongerwe enyika enyika, ayo anozivisa chinangwa chavo chekupedzisira chevanhu vezvematongerwo enyika, ndiyo Communist Party yeUnited States. Zvinangwa zvepati, zvisinei, zvakanyatsotarisana nekuenda kune rugare kune maitiro ehutungamiri hwehutungamiri hwevanhu uye kushandiswa kwenzira dzekutanga dzekugadzira.

IAmerican Communists, maererano nemashoko avo, haagamuchiri chero maitiro echisimba ane chinangwa chekuchinja iyo iripo. Ndicho chikonzero chekuti munguva yose iyo yose Communist Party yeU.SA haina kurambidzwa, kunyange zvazvo yakadzokidzwa kakawanda kumanikidziro kubva kuzviremera.

Kushorwa pamwe chete kwevanhu vebourgeois

Kana tichienzanisa purogiramu yeCommunist Party yeAmerica neyezvinyorwa zvakafanana zvevanobatana navo veSoviet, zvino pamwe nezvakawanda zvinowanzoonekwa, kusiyana kukuru kunokwezvawo. Ivo vakabatana zvikurukuru nekushorwa kwevanhu vakavakirwa pamusana peimba yavo.

Mune purogiramu yeAmerica, somuenzaniso, kunyanya kunobhadharwa kwekuti mazuva ano hutungamiri hwehurumende, huchishandisa simba rehupfumi pasi pehutungamiri hwahwo, kugoverana nevashandi vekushanda pamwe nevanobatana navo zvikuru vanoshandisa nzira dzakadaro zvisina kufanira se propaganda yekurwisana neukomunisti, nyika yekuzvidzivirira, anti-Semitism, homophobia uye zvepabonde .

Kusiyana kwekutaura kune dzimwe nhamba dzenyaya dzenyaya dzepamusoro

Zvisinei, huwandu hwepfungwa dziri muhurongwa hweAmerica hunoenda mberi kwepfungwa dzakagamuchirwa muSoviet Union. Somuenzaniso, nenzira ipi zvayo inobvumirana nemaonero eSoviet pamusoro pemaitiro pamusoro pemafungiro avo kune nyaya dzakabatana nezvinetso zvepabonde nevakadzi vari vashoma. Kusiyana nemafungiro eSoviet ekufunga, vatori vematunhu eTransatlantic vanoona mamiriyoni eBGBT semasimba ekufambira mberi, avo vane basa munharaunda iri kuramba richikura, uye iyo inogona kuva shongwe yakavimbika mukurwisana kuita zvinangwa zvavo.

Mune maonero avo, kuvimba kwevanhu uye kuvhiringidzwa kune vamiririri vevasikana vashoma vari zvombo mumaoko ezvinyorwa zvekurudyi, zvinotarisirwa kuparadzanisa kushorwa. Purogiramu inoti kuburikidza nekufungisisa pamusoro pemafungiro akatsauka ekutsika nemitemo yemhuri, kodzero inofanirwa kubatsirwa nemanzwiro evanhu vasina kukanganisa pakati pevashandi vanoita uye nekuita kuti iite kune avo.

Zvinyorwa zvakanyanya zvepurogiramu yeAmerican Communists

Chimwe chezvikamu zvepurogiramu yacho, maAmerican Communist anozivisa kurwisana kwekodzero dzevasikana vanoita zvepabonde. Zvechokwadi, vashandi vavo veSoviet havana kumbobvunda pamusoro pechinhu chakadai chakadaro. Kune dzimwe dzakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana mumapurogiramu eComunisti, akaparadzaniswa negungwa.

Nhasi, zvikamu zvakakosha zvegurogiramu yeCommunist Party yeAmerica ndiko kurwisana kwekubatana kwevashandi, kushorwa kune marudzi ose echisarudzo anobva kumadzinza, homophobia nekusarura. Imwe yezvinodiwa ndeyokugadziriswa munyika yenhanho yemari yemadhora gumi nemaviri paawa uye kupera kwekutongwa kwevatorwa vasingatenderwi. Mukuwedzera, maKomonisiti anoomerera pamusoro pokudzoka kwemauto kubva kuIraq uye kuderedzwa kwemajeri ezvehondo.

Mutambo wakaponesa vavengi vavo

Nhasi, Communist Party yeUnited States, iyo nhamba yacho, maererano nezvimwe zvinyorwa, haina kudarika vanhu vane zviuru zvine gumi nezvishanu, inosanganisira masero mashoma akaumbwa maererano nekambani, mabhizimisi, mabhizinesi uye mamwe marudzi ezvimwe zvivako. Vashandi vemasero akadaro vanokurudzirwa nguva dzose kuuya kumisangano yavo yevasingazivi. Izvi zvinopa mukana wekuisa ruzivo rutsva muhurukuro dzakaitwa ipapo.

Pasinei nekuti chiKomonist Party yeUnited States inotarisana nemafungiro akafanana nemamwe mapoka eMarxist-Leninist uye ane zvinangwa zvakafanana, vaAmerica, sezvataurwa pamusoro, havana kumbokurudzira chisimba chisati chaitika kuti vaite zvinangwa zvavo.

Zvakaoma kutaura zvinopfuura zvimwe - kusarura vanhu, kutonhora kuverenga kana pfungwa yepakutanga yekuzvidzivirira, asi yakabvumira vaAmerican Communists kuti varambe vakachengeteka vazhinji vevavengi vavo, izvo zvava nhasi iye zvino pfuma yezvakaitika.