Zvinorevei chapupu kutapata? Pfungwa uye ayo mhando

kutapata chapupu zvinoreva kodzero dzokuva mugari pasi pemurairo arege kupa uchapupu pamusoro imwe boka revanhu uye mamiriro ezvinhu anozivikanwa naye. Panguva iyoyowo, mhosva mutoro ichi zvikasaitika. Urongwa Izvi enshrined zvakananga muBumbiro reMitemo uye Criminal Code. Vagari vane kodzero yakadai, sechapupu kutapata, anogona chero nguva kupa uchapupu akakodzera kuti chiitiko.

tsananguro

Vagari vane kodzero yakadai, sechapupu kutapata, zvinofanira kuva akasununguka nomurayiro kubva achipupura. Asi, vanhu ava vanogona kuudza vakuru mashoko ose anozivikanwa navo imwe nyaya, asi chete panguva chikumbiro chavo. Zvinoenderana reMitemo, ane kodzero batai pachake kana pedyo nehama dzake. Saka, maererano Article 308 yemutemo weCriminal Code, vanhu ava asingachaiti kuita.

Zvisinei, kana vagari izvi pa kuchatanga kupa uchapupu kuna ivo nokudaro vanorasikirwa chapupu ravo kutapata. Uye saka vanogona kuitwa mhosva nokuda mashoko venhema.

bhana

kutapata mu chapupu vasaenderera mberi vane zvinotevera Mapato vanhu:

1. Vatongi uye jurors. Havafaniri buritsa chero ruzivo pamusoro nyaya, sezvo mashoko chikazikamwa kwavari pachiitwa zvinhu ounyanzvi.

2. Ndine zano nezvimwe zano nokuda vakapomera mumwe (nekuti ekupedzisira akatendeukira kwavari urongwa vanokwanisa kubatsira pamutemo).

3. mupristi, uyo akava kuziva mamiriro ezvinhu zvakaitika mushure kureurura.

4. Nhengo Federation Council uye State Duma pasina zvavo mvumo.

The chete mitemo panyaya date Mapato vemunyika, enshrined roMutemo Civil Procedure. The aakatipa kacho, ambotaurwa pamusoro apa, sezvataurwa Article 56 of Code of Criminal Procedure, iyo inotaura kuti vanhu ava vane kodzero rokupupurira kutapata mune vasaenderera mberi uye haagoni kusava.

wehurumende nzira

Art. 69 Code of Civil Procedure rinoti kuti aakatipa zviitiko apo vanhu vane zvinzvimbo uye vane mumwe chinzvimbo, hakufaniri kunzi sezvapupu. Avapa kodzero kupfeka rakakodzera zita - chapupu kutapata - hurumende zvekufamba. Panyaya iyi, vagari izvi hazvigoni kusava sevanhu vari nhaka chero ruzivo pamusoro nyaya. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

- Vamiririri uye vanyatsowana, nevamiririri;

- akarara vatongi uye vatongi nemazvo;

- vapristi;

- vakuyananisei (vakuyananisei).

vagari izvi havasi kuparidzira munhu nyaya. Uyezve, hakubvumidzwi nemutemo. kutapata hurumende zvekufamba chapupu ndivo vanhu, pasi Constitution, ane kodzero batai pachavo kana zvavo hama. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

- madzimai nevana, kunyange avo vakagamuchirwa;

- hama imwe, uyewo vanasekuru pamusoro nevazukuru;

- nhengo kwemitemo miviri;

- mvumo kodzero dzevanhu uye mabhizimisi.

Non-Kuziviswa mashoko

Nemhaka yavo basa mudziviriri uyo anopinda sungano nemhosva, ine kodzero yakadai, ave gweta chapupu kutapata. Hazvina kumutendera pachena kuti vanhu vatevedzere mutemo uye ruzivo dare kuti chikazikamwa kwaari nemhosva. Urongwa uhwu Rinopereterwa ari Article 56 of roMutemo Criminal Procedure. Izvi zvakakodzera kuitira kuti munhu akakumbira rubatsiro kubva zano vanokwanisa uye akavapa zvakavanzika dzavo kwaari, aiva nechokwadi chokuti, kunze wokupedzisira, hapana munhu anodzidza pamusoro mhosva yake uye ezvinhu chiitiko. pfungwa iyi vakaradzikwa roMutemo Criminal Procedure. Nokuti zvarinotaura kuti gweta iri fungira kana kupomerwa kurege mupupurire zvazvingava, sezvo ivo ngakuzivikanwe kwaari maererano nourongwa rubatsiro yepamutemo chechipiri. Chete inoti uye GIC. Article 69 of gwaro iri rinoti mumiriri kana Mudziviriri havagoni kunoudza pamusoro ezvinhu zvazvingava, rwakazokura vakaziva maererano nourongwa rubatsiro pamutemo. Rinotaurawo rinosimbisa chokwadi chokuti gweta - munhu aine chapupu kutapata.

rinokosha

Article 51 anokosha mutemo wenyika rinoti hapana anofanira kuva chapupu pachake, uyewo shamwari uye hama. Izvi zvinoshandawo pasinei sei ane Maitiro hweHIV. Saka musimboti anoratidza chapupu kutapata. Uyezve, Art. 56 Code of Criminal Procedure unorambidza vamwe siyana vanhu kupa uchapupu panguva pokubvunzurudzwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira vatongi, vamiriri, vapristi. Avo vane zvimwe zivo yacho, iyo yava kuzivikanwa kwavari pachiitwa zvinhu ounyanzvi. Naizvozvo, achipindura mubvunzo ane chapupu kutapata, zvakanaka kuti kutaridzwa pamazita vanhu (nokuti nezvaro Criminal Procedure Code), uyewo hama yevaifungidzirwa uye vaipomerwa.

Kana mukakumbira, mumwe mugari kushuma mamwe mashoko pamusoro nyaya, anofanira kurangarira kuti zvichava pasi zvose mitemo inopiwa roMutemo Criminal Procedure. Zvino nyaya nhema, achaita kutongerwa akakodzera mutongo. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune vanhu vari pasi kurudyi chapupu kutapata. Saka kana uchida mukadzi batai murume wake, iye yaibva inova mugari wenyika Maitiro chinzvimbo. Uye nheyo chapupu kutapata havachazotamburi chero zvaanoreva. Nokuti akagamuchira panguva pokubvunzurudzwa pamusoro nyaya ivo richashandiswa Vezvemitemo sezvo uchapupu.

In dzimwe nyika

Mune US, nyaya chokuita kushanda chapupu kutapata, anoteerera zvikuru. Uyezve, iye chose ane chitsauko chose chiri muThe Mitemo. Kunyange zvakadaro, izvi hazvina chete bhuku, inoti kodzero vanhu ava. Legislating tsanangudzo chapupu kutapata munyika kuti pamwe Russia, hazvina zvakajeka, asi ari zvinowanzoshandiswa uchidzidzira. Somuenzaniso, mutemo uyu aifarirwa kumatare muUnited States moga. Uyezve, pane mhando dzakawanda:

- chapupu kutapata;

- kodzero kuramba akanyarara (kushandiswa pakuzvinyengera-incrimination);

- ropafadzo.

Uyewo kuwana tsananguro wavo kwakakwana vanogona kuva yunifomu nemitemo mhosva muitiro, kushanda muUnited States.

kururamisira Member

The chapupu ndicho chinokosha munhoroondo kuferefeta nezvokukanganisa nemutadzi mhosva. It ndehwokuti kubatsira kuferefeta, uye dare iri mukubata nyaya Kunyanya kukosha kuti vasaenderera mberi. Zvinoratidza kuti munhu kuonekwa chakakosha kuunganidza mashoko pamusoro zvose ezvinhu mhosva uye zvakakodzera kuti uchitsanya kugadzirisa mhosva. Naizvozvo CPC iye vainyatsotarisirwa.

Chapupu munhu nhaka anodiwa mashoko ari tsotsi mhosva uye akaudza mukufamba tabvunzurudzwa kuti kwemitemo masimba. Chikonzero ichi, asati uchibvunzurudzwa anotsanangura Maitiro kodzero uye mitoro. Uyewo, kuti mugari inofanira kuyambirwa pamusoro tsotsi kuita kuti mashoko venhema.

Uyewo, Constitution uye roMutemo Criminal Procedure vanotsaura chimwe nhamba yevanhu vane chapupu kutapata, kodzero, nokuchengeta chiri kuramba uchapupu uye kwete kutaura vatevedzere mutemo. Somuenzaniso, mumwe murume, mudzimai, hama, vana nevabereki vavo havagoni vanotaura kuferefeta uye kutongwa ruzivo maererano nevadikanwi vavo. Zvadaro, gweta uye mupristi chinorambidzwa pachena mashoko razova kuvazivisa navo maererano dzavo mabasa. Saka, chapupu kutapata mune mhosva zvekufamba zvainanga kudzivirira avo Mapato vemunyika avo, nokuti, kuvimba ukama uye pedyo ne yevaifungidzirwa uye kupomerwa haigoni kubudisa mashoko ose anozivikanwa kwavari chokwadi kupara mhosva. Panguva iyoyo vakanga haagoni nokupomerwa.

Haushandi

Number vanhu raanotaura roMutemo Criminal Procedure uye Code of Civil Procedure asina kodzero nemutemo pachena mashoko anozivikanwa navo nyaya. Zvisinei, kodzero iyi haina rusununguko zvizvarwa zvose. kutapata chapupu hairevi vanhu vasiri pedyo nehama yevaifungidzirwa uye kupomerwa vanhu, vaipomerwa, plaintiffs. It anotevera kuti shamwari kana shamwari zvingave zvakakodzera kuti kupiwa Maitiro basa. Kunyanya kana aiziva zvose ezvinhu chiitiko. Uyewo, chapupu kutapata haazorambi anoshanda vaipomerwa dzakarega uchapupu hwenhema mumwe munhu ari tsotsi yakasiyana mhosva. Panyaya iyi, mutemo rikashandiswa unyanzvi. 307 yemutemo weCriminal Code.

mhando

kutapata chapupu iropafadzo kuti vamwe, izvo regai kupa mutoro kupa uchapupu nyaya. Kusunungura icho zvinotevera:

- mhedziso - ane hunhu imwe zvemitemo kurambidzwa pamusaka Art. 69 of Code musi Civil Procedure uye roMutemo Criminal Procedure;

- hama - inowaniswa vaya vanogona kuudza zviremera nezvaanoziva pasinei kurambirwa kodzero kushandisa maererano Constitution;

- chokuita (yokuzvidira), izvo zvinopa kodzero yekusarudza;

- basa - anobvumira, nemhaka chinzvimbo chake, kwete kupupura (munhu kana kodzero mubhizimisi mumiririri);

- rushoma - aendese mashoko mitumbi chete vamwe mashoko;

- chakakwana - iri pamutemo waiver chisingazivi kunotoreva kusunga (pedyo uye chizvarwa vanhu kupomerwa).

Pano zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti hazvina pasi kubvunzurudzwa nevanozvitsigira uye vamiririri vehurumende uye administrative zviitiko. Nokuti, nemurairo, ndivo vanhu vane ruzivo pamusoro nyaya, razova wakazikamwa navo pachiitwa zvinhu ounyanzvi. Mhando chapupu kutapata haina pamutemo ari mumutemo, saka magweta ake tenda heterogeneous uye kugoverana dzavo, kutungamirirwa dzemunharaunda of Art. 69 Code of Civil Procedure uye nounyanzvi. 56 weCriminal Procedure Code.

kodzero

Kana munhu anopupurirwa utsinye, zviri ingangodaro ichanzi ari mapurisa kuti mupupurire nyaya. Uyezve, munhu achava chinzvimbo ichi uye apo kuonana mapurisa pachavo, achida kutaura zvakakodzera mashoko, izvo zvichabatsira kuferefeta. Muchiitiko ichi uchava zvakafanira kuti kutarisa kuti chapupu kutapata. Code of Criminal Procedure Art. 56 kwakanyorwa inowaniswa vamwe Mapato vanhu. Panyaya iyi, kuti mugari, vakabata nzvimbo gweta kana mutongi, haagoni kuva chapupu. Patasvika unoshandawo vapristi. Kana chapupu ari pedyo hama vanonzi akutadzira, ane kodzero kupa uchapupu kuna, ayo vakabva kushandiswa sezvo uchapupu. Zvinokoshawo kuyeuka kuti munhu rusununguko akadaro chinzvimbo, zviri nani kupinda kuzobvunzurudzwa, pamwe mudziviriri.

A mugari akadana munhu Maitiro nhaurirano iri rwokutsvakurudza zviremera kana dare, anekodzero:

- kutaura mashoko mururimi rwavo;

- vanoramba uchapupu nemhaka inokosha mutemo wenyika;

- kushandisa rubatsiro muturikiri (kana zvakakodzera);

- kuzviisa pasi zvikumbiro zvichemo;

- kumbira kushanda kuti zvakaita vakachengeteka zvaimunetsa, kana upenyu hwake pangozi;

- kukwira aine gweta.

chengetedzo

Kuri kuti munhu unonzi sechapupu mu tsotsi mhosva, anoti iye kana nhengo dzemhuri yake vari mungozi yezve upenyu kana mhirizhonga, kukuvadza pfuma, iyo dzendege achava nekodzero kushandisa mamwe matanho. Safety zvinogona nechokwadi kuti hwokuzvizivisa Data chichasimbiswa dzakanyorwa pasi rekunyepedzera. Mudare, zita rake uye zita zvichange Classified. Kana pokubvunzurudzwa chapupu gweta vangave.

General unhu

A yakajeka yokuti chapupu kutapata hakuwaniki mu mitemo ano. Naizvozvo, magweta nyanzvi kuzvidudzira kubva kumaonero akasiyana, apo pamusoro mitemo iyo anosimbisa masangano uye mhosva mutemo. Chapupu kutapata ropafadzo zvinoreva munhu asina Kusungirwa kupupura nyaya. Uyezve, zviri munhu ane kodzero pachena mashoko chokuita neshamwari dzake uye nehama.

Art. 56 Code of Criminal Procedure rinoti vatongi, magweta, vapristi haagoni kunzi sezvapupu. Saka, murayiro anodzivirira zvinodiwa vemhosva mhosva uye vanofungidzirwa. Nekuti mutongi kutungamirira muitiro, ziva zvose nezvokuzadziswa utsinye kubva nyaya, uye saka urege pachena mashoko yakawanikwa mukufamba nounyanzvi basa, kune vamwe vanhu.

Patasvika zvinoshandawo magweta. The yokupedzisira, pavakatonga kudzivirira zano, chero zvazvingava, haafaniri pachena mashoko kubva wechikoro, vamwe vanhu. Wakazviitira mutemo. Navapristi, kuteerera pokureurura yekuita chibharo, uye haafaniri pachena mashoko akawana kubva kwaari uye akapiwa vamwe vanhu, kunyange kwemitemo masimba. Kurambidzwa uku ndiko chikuru chinoratidza uchapupu hwavo kutapata.

chitarafu

Pakadaro, kana munhu akadana Maitiro nhaurirano kana mudare sezvo uchapupu kuna, akati kwemitemo vakuru vane ruzivo kwenhema, rinogona kuitwa criminally mhosva pasi Art. 307 of Code Youtsotsi. Patasvika zvinoshanda nyanzvi uye vaturikiri. Kana mugari kusvikira kutendiswa, akareurura kuti uchapupu yakapiwa vakanga venhema, zvino ari pauri.

kufona

Maererano dzemunharaunda weCriminal Procedure Code, chapupu inogona vakakokwa Maitiro hurukuro kana kuti dare chete pamusoro wenyaya. Panyaya iyi, gwaro anofanira ane ruzivo pamusoro kuzivikanwa vakadanwa zvakatarisana vachipikisana, uyewo kuratidza yaro Maitiro hweHIV.

The zvakarongwa rwunotumirwa chapupu noruoko, atumwa vakanyoresa tsamba kana kuburikidza dzimwe nzira yokukurukurirana. Uyewo, gwaro iri rinogona kune munhu kuburikidza akura mhuri yake nhengo, kana munhu, nokuti chero chikonzero, vasipo. Muchiitiko chino, imwe nhengo yemhuri, akatambira samanisi, inozviita kutamira vagari vemo, uyo anofanira kuudza kuferefeta kana dare anodiwa ruzivo pamusoro nyaya.

The zvakarongwa anogona kuburikidza kwokubatsira nzvimbo yokudzidza kana kubasa kupupurira.

fambisa

Pakadaro, kana chapupu haapindi panguva yakatarwa zuva uye nguva kupupura uye havana buritsa zvikonzero zvake asiri chitarisiko, unogona agoiswa dare kana mapurisa, achiperekedzwa kwemitemo vakuru. In nzira iyi munhu anofanira kuita chinokosha chisarudzo. The nemotokari haafaniri kuitwa usiku. Anosiyiwa vari nyaya dzisiri kukurumidza kuitwa.

nyaya

The Charter, izvo vaiona zvose nyaya chokuita vasaenderera mberi muna 1864, zvinonzi vamwe vanhu nyore vasingachafaniri kupa uchapupu nokuti vakanga vasingagoni kuva chapupu iri nyaya. Pakati pavo pane vagari vakanga vasingagoni zvakananga uye nenjere vanotsanangura zvakaitika. Uyezve, vanhu vakadaro vanosanganisira hama uye achipomerwa mhosva. Mumazuva iwayo dare iye sokusingaitiki parutivi vanhu ava kuti uchapupu. Uyezve, munhu wose akanga kodzero kupupurira mumwe mutemo wehurumende zvakavanzika. Maererano Charter iyoyo, mumwe mugari aigona kungoti kubvisa kubva achipupura kana aida kutarisana mhosva. MuRussia ano, nyaya iyi runoonekwa kubva akasiyana pfungwa maonero. Uyezve, uchapupu kutapata akati chinokosha mutemo wenyika, uyewo Code pakati Criminal Procedure.

Kodzero rechipfuwo

Sei kuva nyaya kana akuvara munhu chokuita kupomerwa ukama hwemhuri? Asiwo anouya kuzobatsira art. 51 of chikuru mutemo, rinotaura kuti munhu wese ane kodzero azvibaye pachavo uye vadiwa vavo. Asi zvinhu zvinogona kubuda pano uye mune mamwe mazwi, kana munhu wacho, pasinei nokuti hukama fungira, anosarudza kupa uchapupu pamusoro pake. The mwero hwepedyo akashatirwa uye kuwana anorwisana mapati.

kutongwa ropafadzo

Munhu anofanira kuva nekodzero, iyo enshrined mune inokosha mutemo wenyika uye kuti nguva dzose anogona kushandisa. Court discharges ari kupomerwa kupupura kana yokupedzisira saka zvinodiwa. Nokuti munhu ane kodzero pachena mashoko chokuita Mhosva uye nokudaro vazvidzivirire makuhwa. wokuyera ichi reMitemo anofanira akatsanangurira mukwirirwi uye mhuri yake padariro rokutanga kuongorora. Kana izvi hazvina kuitwa, uchapupu muchimiro nomunhu mashoko kuverengwa havagoni kuva hwaro matongero nokuti zvinopesana nemurairo kusimbiswa.

Mukuwedzera, yomupomerwi iri kodzero kuramba kupupura kuti kukapiwa kare. Saka, mwero chapupu kutapata inopiwa remitemo, achaiswa akaurayiwa zvakazara.

Muchidimbu

kutapata chapupu iri zvakajeka muna Basic Law wenyika, uyewo Code of Civil Procedure uye Criminal Procedure Code. Uyezve, ngadzirambe chinzvimbo, kodzero uye mitoro vanhu vari kupa uchapupu kuna. Saka, nyaya 56 ari Code pamusoro Criminal Procedure chinorondedzerwa mudenderedzwa vanhu vari kuita mabasa nyanzvi hakubvumidzwi kuva zvapupu. Mutemo iwoyo iri enshrined roMutemo Civil Procedure. ropafadzo iyi zvinoshandawo neHurumende Duma uye Assembly kuti mabasa wemirayiro avo vanoramba kupupura nyaya. kutapata Chapupu chimwe nhungamiro kururamisira, izvo anovapa kodzero vazivise kuferefeta uye kutongwa ruzivo pamusoro kuferefeta yacho, apo mhosva munhu pedyo. Inopawo Criminal Procedure Code. CPC, akavapindurawo, rinoti kuti kurambidzwa vachipikisana sechapupu wevaya vanhu vanoita mabasa yepamutemo.