Zviri nemamiriro kuitisa munyama zvinomera. Kuitisa zvinyama zvinomera: mamiriro

Sezvo ari mhuka, zvinomera nevachena chokufambisa zvigadziriswe kuti vane basa hurukuro zvinovaka muviri kune mumwe masero uye munyama. Nhasi tichakurukura zvinhu sechivako achitungamirira rinenge zvinomera.

Chii?

Micheka Conductive ndevaya uko sangano inotonhorera zvinogadzirisa zvinodiwa kukura mupudzi muviri. Chikonzero chiitiko wavo ndiye goho rokutanga zvinomera panyika. Kubva mudzi kuti mashizha, sezvo zviri nyore zvokufungidzira, chinoita kumusoro aibuda mhinduro pamusoro munyu uye zvimwe zvinovaka muviri. Saizvozvowo, munhu pasi kuitika runoyerera iri neizvi negwara.

Zvichikwira senga kunoitika kuburikidza midziyo mudondo rinenge (xylem) pasi chete wakurukura - kushandisa phloem nomusero zvivako zviri cortex (the phloem). Kazhinji, chimiro afanane kuti midziyo Xylem kwemhuka. Masero dzavo elongated, oblong chimiro akataurwa. Ndezvipi zvimwe ndiwo STRUCTURAL zviri kuitisa munyama zvinomera?

Ndezvipi?

Unofanira kuziva kuti pane nesekondari chaionekwa ichi mhando. Ngatitaurei kuvapa mwero kupatsanura, sezvo maonero kwemashoko kunonatsiridza Absorção de Água kwayo. Saka, pano munhu nyore nemamiriro kuitisa munyama zvinomera, anounzwa tabular chimiro.

Sezvo unogona kunzwisisa, xylem uye phloem vari kunzwisisa rudzi, sezvo zvakafanira yaro heterogeneous marongerwo uye anogona kuita akasiyana-siyana mabasa akadaro.

Sezvaunogona kuona, nemamiriro ari kuitisa munyama zvinomera zvimwe zvinoshamisa zvakaoma kunzwisisa hakuna kusiyana. Zvisinei, zviri nyore zvikuru kupfuura dzakakwirira mhuka mumasero.

Xylem. conductive zvinhu

Mukuru zvemamiriro yose vascular mamiriro muri tracheids. Vanonzi dzakananga siyana masero zvimwe, akanongedzera mativi. Zviri kwavari vakazoroorwa chakaitika kwakajairika huni internet jira. Vane yakawanda mikukutu rusvingo ukobvu. Form tracheids anogona kuva akasiyana zvikuru:

• O-mhete.
• Zononoka.
• Dziri Dots.
• The spore.

Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti uchingopfuura inotonhorera inotoda yakasvinwa kuburikidza vakawanda pores, uye saka kufamba dzichimhanya iwayo yakaderera. Izvi zvakakosha STRUCTURAL zviri kuitisa munyama zvinomera kazhinji kukanganwika.

Pane mimwe miti inogona kusangana STRUCTURAL maatomu akafanana?

Tracheids anogona kuwanika zvinenge zvose yepamusoro sporophytes. Lower gymnosperms vari kunyanya vanewo kwavo sechivako izvi STRUCTURAL okunze, uye kunyange vari kuridza basa rinokosha. Chokwadi chokuti masvingo simba tracheids, zvatakakutadzirai kare pamusoro apa, kuvabvumira kuita kwete chete zvakananga kuitisa basa, asiwo kubatsira, zvokuimba mamiriro. Izvi - kukosha STRUCTURAL zviri kuitisa munyama zvinomera, kubva izvo zvakawanda.

Kazhinji ndivo chete chete rutsigiro chimiro, aunopiwa muviri simba zvakakodzera kuti chirimwa. Chinoshamisa, zvose (!) In mudondo Conifers vari zvachose ndisipo chero chaiwo zvokuimba zvinyama, uye simba romudzimu kungotaurwa nesu vakakurukura tracheids. Kureba izvi inoshamisa conductive zvinhu ingabva mashomanana millimeters kuti mashomanana masendimita.

Kazhinji, zvidzidzo izvi STRUCTURAL zviri kuitisa zvinyama zvinomera Grade 5 chikoro chero chesekondari, asi kazhinji kumubvunzo wakarebesa nhumbi mune miti chakavhiringidza kunyange Vadzidzi chaivo mano.

Zvinoitwa midziyo

Dzinomirira munhu nevamwe chaizvo chinhu ari xylem pamusoro angiosperms. In nechitarisiko chakafanana refu, negomba chubhu. Mumwe nomumwe wavo achiumbwa kubudikidza confluence masero elongated iri "garo vagari". The zvikamu mudziyo mumwe anonzi sero, izvo ayo dzichipfekeka marongerwo dzakafanana tracheids. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa Zvisinei, kuti zvikamu zvacho vari vakwanise zvikuru uye mapfupi pane kwavari.

Ndechipi chikamu vadzidzi vanofanira kungwarira idzi nemamiriro conductive munyama zvinomera? 5 kirasi, izvo akatanga kutora bhotani uye maumbirwo chirimwa muviri, unogona kare kutungamirirwa mibvunzo iri nyore nezvenyaya iyi.

Muitiro mudziyo inotungamirwa

Kuti xylem, anotanga kuoneka nedanho kukura mupudzi, yainzi chikuru. Her Tab rinowanikwa mune midzi uye misoro vaduku awo. Panyaya iyi, kuti vakaparadzana zvikamu xylem midziyo kukura panguva distal inoguma prokambialnyh tambo. Ngarava pacharo rinowanika pashure kwemapazi, nokuda kuparadzwa pezviri partitions. Unogona kuona izvi kana iwe zvitarire nemaikorosikopu bande: mukati zvakachengetwa marimu kuti inongova chete uye ndiwo vakasara vakaparadza masvingo.

Ngatiyeukei kuti STRUCTURAL zvinhu kuvonga kuti kuitisa zvinyama yemiti, uye vamwe vavo vari nemidzi zvinomera:

• Epidermal deko.
• Cora.
• Protoderma kuti nguva dzose inogadziridza akaturikidzana nhema pamusoro.
• The apical meristem, inova huru mudzi mapazi kukura zvinomera.
• Damage zvikuru jira akatunhidzwa chinodzivirira mudzi chivharo.
• Inside mudzi papi yaizivikanwa zvinyama: xylem uye phloem.
• vari kuumbwa, ukuwo, kubva protofloemy uye protoksilemy.
• Endodermis.

Protoksilema (kureva, mufananidzo rokutanga chirimwa midziyo) rinowanikwa chaipo pamusoro zvose vaduku axial nhengo. Education ichaitika zvakananga pasi paiva meristem, ndipo masero akapoteredza tsinga kuramba nokukurumidza utambanudzire kukura. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kunyange vakura midziyo protoksilemy havana kurashikirwa kugona kwavo kutambanudza, nekuti dzavo masvingo hadzisati ndavhiyiwa woodiness.

Kazhinji, asi conductive zvinyama kuti maruva miti chisimbiso kwakadaro pachena mangwanani zvakakwana, nokuti hunde anofanirwa kuchengetedza zvakakwana muhombe uye kudzivirirwa ruva.

Yeuka kuti ndiye anokonzera solidification kwacho? Lignin. Uye chete ndiro iiswe masvingo "blanks" midziyo kana ari zononoka kana iri annular negwara. Izvi hazvirevi kuvhiringidza ayo akaturikidzana ari mudziyo kutambanudza. Panguva iyoyowo, iyo lignin inopa chaizvo yekutenga simba nhumbi vechiduku vari chirimwa, izvo kunotadzisa kuparadzwa kwavo zvokuimba chiito.

Ndokusaka zvichikosha saka kuitisa zvinyama zvinomera. Figure, rinowanikwa pamusoro mapeji ino achazvikomborera kukubatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani nyaya iyi, zvinoratidza zvakajeka zvikuru zvinoumba akati jira.

Education metaxylem

In nedanho kukura, midziyo itsva, izvo pasi ipapa woodiness rikurumidze. Kana kuguma inotungamirwa avo vakura zvikamu zvinomera, kukura kwacho kwapera metaxylem. Sei zvinofanira kufungwa chesekondari zvipenyu, nemamiriro ari kuitisa munyama zvinomera? Kirasi 5, unowanzoonekwa shoma chete chokuti chirimwa rinenge zviripo midziyo. Uyezve ongororo kunobatanidzwa mukurovedza purogiramu vadzidzi vakwegura.

Panguva iyoyowo, midziyo akatanga kuumbwa kubva protoksilemy pakutanga tatamuka, uye ipapo kuparadzwa zvachose. Vakakura STRUCTURAL idzodzo chete kuti yakabuda metaxylem kuti ndichisveerera uye kukura haagoni pfungwa. Kutaura zvazviri, zviri akafa, chiri vanachandagwinyira nemhango sepombi.

Zviri nyore kuti funga zvipenyu feasibility acho aibuda mune mirayiridzo iyi. Kana midziyo iyi kuonekwa pakarepo, ivo vaizova zvikuru kudziviswa paumbwe akapoteredza munyama. Kufanana tracheids, vascular rusvingo thickening inogona kukamurwa zvinotevera mapoka (zvichienderana zvavo chimiro):

• Annular.
• Zononoka.
• Manera chimiro.
• Yepasi.
• Porous.

Tinoswedera kwako pfungwa yokuti refu uye nemhango akaita sepombi xylem kuti vane zvokuimba simba yakakwana - akakodzera marongedzero hurukuro mvura uye zvicherwa munyu mapedzero pamusoro madaro marefu. yerera mu in avo pasina nzira kudziviswa nokurasikirwa mvura uye kushanda hapana muviri. Ndezvipi zvimwe zviri nemamiriro kuitisa munyama zvinomera? Biology (6th giredhi pakati chikoro) Uyewo kufunga yakawiriranwa conductance Xylem masvingo. Regai titsanangure.

Kuva zvakafanana neizvi kuna tracheids, xylem hamubvumiri chokubuda mvura kuburikidza pores pamadziro. Sezvo ivo vane yakawanda lignin, vane yakakwirira nesimba zvemaziso, uye saka regai deform, uyezve, zvokuti hapana ngozi yokutyora pasi kwokudzvinyirira kwomunhu somushonga mvura. Zvisinei, Tatotaura pamusoro mukuru kukosha nevamwe zviri xylitol, nemhaka iyo mudondo muti dzakawanda kwemarudzi kunoratidzwa yakakwirira nesimba uye elasticity.

Hazvina simba uye panguva imwe chete kwakavharwa nenyama xylem chikwereti simba zvikepe zvavo yekare. Asingaoneki asi simba conductive zvinyama zvinomera zvinopa yakakwirira nemishonga kare vanoondoroka masts, izvo kashoma yakatanga kunyange yemadutu zvikuru chisimba.

Conductive mamiriro phloem

Funga conductive zvinhu, izvo zvinowanikwa phloem munyama.

Chokutanga, nesefa mamiriro. Material chakakonzerwa namaneja procambium iri mupasi mune chepuraimari phloem. Cherechedza kuti pamwe kukura yakapoteredza zvinyama protofloema nokukurumidza rwakatambanudzwa, uye ipapo akafa pezvivako ayo uye zvachose hunomira kushanda. Metafloema anopedza kuibvisa rayo pashure (!) Of sei chirimwa kukura hunoguma.

Other zvinhu

Saka chii chimwe vanofanira kuziva zviri nemamiriro kuitisa munyama zvinomera? Grade 7 chikoro chesekondari vanofanira kudzidza, kuwedzera ose apa, uyewo zvinoitwa nesefa hurongwa uyewo avo shamwari-masero. Ngationei kunyora nyaya zvishoma zvizere.

Kunyanya mamirire mamiriro vane zvikamu nesefa zvivako. Chekutanga, vari chaizvo mutete muchitokisi masvingo, izvo zvinosanganisira yakawanda cellulose uye pectin. Nenzira iyi vari zvakasimba zvakafananidzirwa parenchyma masero. Kunokosha! Kusiyana yokupedzisira, panguva kuibvisa masero aya kufa zvachose neerekitironi cytoplasm "akadzokera", achiparadzirwa dzakaonda rukoko iri romukati divi muchitokisi membrane. Oddly zvakakwana, asi vanoramba vari vapenyu, asi panguva imwe chete zvichienderana sero-shamwari (saizvozvo pakati Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu uye astrocytes mune pfungwa yemhuka).

Chokwadi, idzi nemamiriro conductive munyama zvinomera Grade 6 Kazhinji hakunganzi, asi ivo vari zvinobatsira kuziva. Dzinenge kuti kumiririra musimboti kwemasayendisiti kuitika chirimwa muviri.

Nomusero-sepombi uye shamwari masero

Izvozvo. Zvikamu nesefa mamiriro kuumbwa integrally, kuva kufanana. Shamwari Sero rakasiyana wayo cytoplasm iye wake zvikuru gobvu, rine vazhinji mitochondria uye ribosomes. Unogona kufungidzira kuti anopa simba kwete chete "shamwari", asiwo nomusero chidimbu. Kana sero ari Satellite vamwe chikonzero anofa, anofa uye chidziro yose, iyo iri chokuita nayo.

Sami nomusero sepombi zviri nyore kusiyaniswa sezvamunoita kwavo rinowanika nesefa mahwendefa. Kunyange paaishandisa simba chiedza maikorosikopu vanogona nyore kuona. Pane panzvimbo apo aumba pamwe panosangana kumigumo zvikamu zviviri. Hazvina musoro kuti zvinyorwa izvi zvakanyatsofanana nzira kukura dzakawanda zvikamu izvi.

The mhando vascular mwanda

Pane achiri zvimwe STRUCTURAL zviri kuitisa munyama zvinomera? Vanodzidza nezvezvinhu zvipenyu vanotenda avo vari zvimwe sechivako vascular mwanda, izvo isu zvishoma kutsanangura.

akati hurongwa anogona kuwanikwa chero pemasimba zvinomera. Ivo dzakananga mhando yerwodzi, izvo riri kumidzi, vaduku mabukira, uye dzimwe nhengo, izvo zviri kuramba kukura. Sechivako mwanda izvi zvinosanganisira midziyo kare kukurukurwa ambotaurwa zvokuimba rutsigiro zvinhu. Mumwe STRUCTURAL chikwata ine zvikamu zviviri:

• Wood Division. Inoitwa vascular kuomarara uye fibers.
• Bast nzvimbo. Inoitwa nesefa marongerwo uye bast fibers.

Kakawanda matanda akaumba akapoteredza runodzivirira, chine wevapenyu kana akafa parenchymal masero. Mukuwedzera, muna nechivako dzavo, vari rakakamurwa mhando mbiri:

• Full - ane xylem uye phloem.
• Kukwana - zviri nechivako yavo inosanganisira chete imwe nyama izvi.

Kupatsanura pakati vascular tsapo vaRoti

Pari, zvakajairika mazuva ndiye mwero kupatsanura mijenya kuti rwokuyera vascular mitundu zvinotevera mhando:

• Closed, rubatso mhando.
• Closed, bikollateralnoy marudzi.
• Concentric mhando - iri kunze xylem.
• A kusiyana rapfuura maonero, umo xylem - mukati.
• TOUR matanda.

Kazhinji, ndizvo anenge ose mashoko unofanira kuziva kudzidza conductive akamendwa nezvinomera chikoro hweutungamiri.