Zvirwere Iris. Irises: Care kusango

Maruva aya akanaka akafanana irises, aida uye zvikuru kukudziridzwa vachengeti uye kurima gadheni siyana dzinongoitika uye okunze munyika dzine nyika yedu. Mhando zvinomera dzakashandisa dzakasiyana-siyana ezvinhu wakaiswa, uye kunobva Breeders izvi ndakasika inonaka-siyana. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana nemaruva, kunyanya kutarisirwa uye maberekero, uyewo chii tupukanana uye nezvirwere irises zvinowanika, nyaya ino ichataura.

Ndiani akamupa zita?

yekare muzivi uye chiremba Greek Famous Hippocrates akarondedzera ruva kuti kusiyana kwayo mavara mukukudza mwarikadzi Iris. Yakanga iye, sezvinoita muraraungu, iyo richibatanidza denga nenyika, vachizivisa kuda vanhu vamwari. Uyezve, munguva dzekare wechiGiriki mutauro "maziso" kwaireva, kupfuura zvose, muraravungu, uye ipapo zita ruva. Muzana XVIII remakore zvakasikwa Karl Linney, kusika chete hurongwa kupatsanura uye mazita zvinomera, Iris zvichachengetwawo zita raro rekare. Tisati tataura pamusoro chii kunogona kukanganisa Iris zvirwere uye zvipukanana, zvishoma kukurukura zvipenyu unhu chirimwa ichi.

tsananguro botanical

Maruva aya akafanana Iris, nani kuzivikanwa sezvo Chikwata Pivnik kana maziso, muri mhuri Iris. Kazhinji munhu perennial rhizomatous, asi pane klubnelukovichnye zvirimwa. In bhendi kwedu vakawanda vamiririri rhizomatous Iris, zvikuru vane mwero iri kutarisirwa uye zvishoma mvura-yakawanda. Iris mumunda unoumba gobvu rhizome rinogarira yakadzika pasi penyika uye kazhinji bulging kubva mairi, zvakawanda wakaisvonaka threadlike midzi. Sandara mashizha ruva iri gobvu uye vashoma nemitsipa, akafuka whitish waxy maruva xiphoides chimiro. Mhando dzakawanda irises vanokura vari dzinoshandisa serin'i matanda. Flowers irises, vachidyara uye kutarisira riri kuitwa maererano peculiarities zvinomera, maruva kubva mukupera chitubu mid-June.

Features maruva

Ose Iris Maruva vakaronga pamusoro yakasimba uye simba peduncle. Kazhinji, maruva chete, asi vari kuwanikwa inflorescences diki. Makara zvinogona siyana chaizvo - kubva yakaisvonaka chena kusvika rutema. Nhasi, kune marudzi akasiyana, maruva ayo kupendwa zviviri kana zvakatowanda mavara. Zvichisanganisa ruva Iris mitanhatu, uye dzimwe nguva nhatu petals, yomukati dzokunze inorwara iyo yakasiyana chimiro, kukura uye ruvara. Mushure maruva, muti unobereka muchero - ribbed mativi elongated bhokisi rine guru brownish mbeu anenge 20.

nemhando chii?

Foreign Breeders uye vachengeti vakakamurwa Iris zvirimwa zvose akura paminda, pamusoro mapoka makuru 13, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vanodavira kuti pane anenge 17. nyika yedu itsika subdivide mubindu siyana Iris (Iris) anotevera mapoka makuru 10:

• Bearded;
• Siberian;
• Japanese;
• remontant;
• arilbredy uye aryl;
• unzwe;
• Louisiana;
• Evans;
• Plants of Pacific Coast;
• anozivikanwa zvishoma.

kupatsanura Izvi zvakakodzera chaizvo, asi vanhuwo upenyu akaita zvakawanda nyore uye zvakajeka weboka rhizomatous irises muzvikwata zviviri: Bearded uye neborodatye. Most kwakapararira mumapindu yakakura, Washington kupendwa nevamiririri venyika Bearded irises. Izvi zvinosanganisira akasiyana-siyana akawanda anonzi Bearded irises German yakareba.

Kusiyana Bearded irises, pamusoro dzakaderera petals chiri "ndebvu" kuti achisiyanisa villi yechitema, neborodatye zvemaoresa kwakadaro havasi. boka iri zvinosanganisira zvinotevera marudzi irises:

- Siberian (I. sibirica);

- Swamp (I. pseudacorus), anonziwo lozhnoairovym;

- Japanese (I. japonica);

- Louisiana (I. Louisiana);

- atevere (I. spuria);

- California (I. californian).

Tichaedza muchidimbu unhu neimwe mhuka idzi.

Obert barbata

Bearded Iris ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa yose boka Iris. To musi, pane anenge 35,000 emarudzi ayo, uye rimwe gore wandei idzva. Zita ruva izvi zvakakonzerwa akatunhidzwa villi iri rezasi petals. mhando dzakawanda kupenda "Barb" mukusiyana huru Ruvara ruva, rinoumbwa petals matanhatu. Urefu Bearded Iris rakakamurwa mapoka matatu:

1. High - anopfuura 0,7 mamita;
2. Average kukwirira - kubva 0,4 kusvika 0,7 M;
3. Low, ane kureba hakuiti kupfuudza masendimita 40.

Ruvara maruva ari zvose monotonous uye zvabatanidzwa. Boka Bearded irises uye Iris Germanica.

Siberian Iris

Kusiyana akaomarara uye undemanding tichitaura mhando ose Siberian Iris, akasiyana-siyana yaiwana anoritsanangura, dzakanga dziri kudiwa kupisa uye chiedza. Plants veboka iri vanogona kukura 1 mita mudenga. Mashizha vari akamanikana kupfuura Bearded, uye vane raita ruvara. Varietal Vamiririri kuuya mavara akasiyana uye maruva mukupera yechirimo. Unogona kungotora giredhi kuitira kuti maruva kuchapfuurira kusvikira pakuguma July. Zvirwere kurimwa irises, uye haana kutya yepamusoro, uye chipembenene infestation zviri zvisinganyanyi kuitika.

Lozhnoairovy (deveteve) Iris

Zvinoratidza yayo yendarama-yellow, navaduku shava 'unobata', maruva mukupera May - mangwanani June. mhando iyi irises chinokura zvakanaka isina kudzika, kusvikira 40 cm reservoirs, uye pamusoro nemiganhu dzavo. Inokura zvakanaka muzuva kana kukwana mumvuri.

Pakati mapazi pakubhadhara aya irises, kufanana California, Louisiana, Japanese uye atevere hadziwanzowaniki, sezvo vari dzakashandisa mamiriro ezvinhu edu duku mhando, uye ndeaya, pamusaka ayo husiri nyore kuwana, hakusi chisingakoshi.

Flowers irises: yokudyara uye kuchengeta

Kutenga irises, zvakakodzera tsanangurai chii mhando iwe vatenge, nekuti zvinokanganisawo kusarudza nzvimbo yokudyara. mhando Most ano zvose Bearded uye neborodatyh irises vanosarudza jeka, kudziya, anodzivirira kubva mhepo. Zvisinei, mhando dzakadai Marsh, kumeso uye dzinoparadza vari kudyara unyoro-rudo. Smooth uye murove irises uye mhando abuda zvavo hwaro, Zvinokurudzirwa kunyika isina kudzika chakagadzirwa madziva uye dzinoparadza - musi nemafashamo Mahombekombe, kana mune nyoro pamapani.

Mamwe irises Vakasimwa pakati mapazi ari chitubu kana kwematsutso, uye chinonyanya akanaka nguva kuguma chirimo - mavhiki kwematsutso rokutanga. Asati akaisa rhizomes maruva aya, ivhu anofanira vachera kuti kudzika 20 - 30 cm uyewo kuti phosphorous-potashi uye senitrogen fetiraiza uye manyowa. Pashure zvawasimwa irises, vachisiya pakachena muvhu shure kwavo nguva dzose achidiridzira uye kuberekesa, achibvisa masora sezvinodiwa.

Chigaro, zvirimwa izvi zvinofanira matatu kusvika mashanu makore ose, sezvo zvimedu rhizome zvakunowedzera kumanikidzwa kuti pemvura. Nemhaka iyi akaderedza wedzerai nharaunda, uye vasisipo anotumbuka. Zvinogona kuita kuti kukura chirwere irises.

Sei kuwanda?

Perennial plants izvi zvinogona inoparadzirwa nezvaaitaura mbeu vegetatively. Seed nzira yakashandiswa maberekero basa uye akagamuchira Saizvozvowo miriwo anotumbuka mumakore 2-3.

Nyore uye inokwanisika nzira maberekero irises - vegetative, apo chawo mai chirimwa inokamukana uye gare gare akawana kwokurangana Vakasimwa muvhu. Repot vagovane ichi perennial zvakanaka pashure maviri kana nhatu pashure maruva. Akadyara runofarira nomumativi kurerekera zvishoma - saka kuti muromo rhizome kumusoro pasi. Too yakadzika yokudyara anogona kutsamwisa kukura chirwere Iris maruva uye kunyange kukonzera rufu rwavo. Vakawana nzira iri miti anotumbuka pakutanga gore pashure kudyara.

Zviratidzo zvirwere zvavo masimba

zvirimwa vakawanda boka iri chaizvo husingakwanisi chirwere, asi vanoshorwa okunze uye kukuvara siyana rhizome irises dzinotevera zvirwere zvinogona kuitika:

1. Geterosporioz (septoria gwapa), izvo kunooneka pacharo muchimiro yellow makwapa akasiyana kadikidiki, randomly richiparadzirwa pamusoro pepasi lamina. With pakuzadzisa chirwere mavara kutendeukira mashava uye batanidza kupinda mumwe. Chirimwa anotarira simba, taita maruva uye mashizha dziome kunze. Geterosporioz anovandudza aine kushayiwa muvhu calcium phosphorus. kukura kwayo hungaita-refu ekunze kuchinaya uye zvayo munyaya dzakakwirira mwando. Kubva chirwere Iris maruva mukutanga mumatanho kunobatsira sprayings 0,4% mhinduro kubva colloidal sarufa , kana 0,3% yemhangura oxychloride.
2. Bacteriosis (nyoro ora) - chirwere chakaipa kwazvo, sezvo kukura nokukurumidza zvikuru. Rokutanga "zviratidzo" chirwere chiri yellowing uye nokuomesa mashizha. Zvadaro, kwakavakirwa "dzinoshandisa", uye ipapo sei rhizome kuora ane maitiro hachifadzi zvakanaka. The mhaka bacteriosis kungava sizvo kumhara - kunyanya kupinda kana kuchakasviba uye Waterlogging nzvimbo. Panguva chiratidzo chokutanga kukundwa chirwere ichi uye kudiwa kuchera kukwira chirimwa kubvisa njodzi chikamu rhizome. Process nzvimbo "akavhiyiwa" potassium permanganate, uye ipapo chero kukura rinodhaka. Pashure rhizome ichi zvakanaka kuomeswa, uye ipapo vaburuke aparadzane vamwe zvinomera muvhu rakaoma, nokuchenjerera kwete yokuviga.
3. Fusarium. In chirwere ichi, kuti Iris unoramba uchikura uye kunyange anotumbuka, asi mashizha kutendeukira yeyero pakutanga, uye zvino dzokai mashava. Kudzivirira kukura chirwere, asati kudyara rhizome disinfect fundazol muna 0.2% mhinduro kwehafu yeawa. Kana isu yakarova ruva chirimwa iri pasi mvura chete chawo fundazol mhinduro.
4. Shizha kusvibisa zvingaitika nokuda murombo mamiriro ekunze. Zviratidzo zvokutanga - makwapa dzakasiyana ruvara uye kukura mashizha. Pavakaona pavo pakarepo mwaya hosha chirimwa iri 0.3% mhinduro hwemhangura oxychloride kana 1% Bordeaux mvura mvura sezvamunoita.

maruva tupukanana

Zvinogona kukanganisa Iris zvirwere uye tupukanana. Pakati tumbuyu ndiwo:

• Cricket, kufara kusurukirwa sezvo ainge ava rhizomes. Kubata nayo, unogona kushandisa chiteyeso granules, ichivaviga pasi kumativi chakasimwa irises.
• Kasatikovaya (chando) Scoop. Makonye iyi zvipembenene chikafu pamusoro rhizomes uye vakuru kutsenga mujinga madzinde. kurwiswa kwakadaro kunoita kuti pave bacteriosis irises. Munguva vanoshingaira kukura mavara zvakafanira kuti mwaya kwavari gavakava mushoma: 10 litres mvura iri kufashaira girazi akarara dota, mumwe spoon emura sipo uye 300 g yemakwenzi. Mudziyo ne mhinduro pakavha uye vanosiyira richadzipa kwemaawa 5-6. Pakarepo mushure akashandiswa spraying. Unogonawo kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana zvoutachiona zvinogadzirwa kuti kutengeswa dzakagadzirirwa muzvitoro.
• Iris ruva musikana, akafanana zvikuru vanhuwo nhunzi, nguva yechando muvhu, asi muchirimo nayo anotanga uye mazai ayo nhungirwa. Saka kunokanganisa irises. Zvirwere Mafundo uye kufa kwavo nokuda mukati vachishingaira zvokudya mazana. Yakarohwa tungira kuora, uye, chokwadi, hazvina kudaro. Nyanzvi vanokurudzira kuti nechokwadi kubata miti yose pamwe pakuonekwa mashizha, uyewo ari tanga yotunga anokosha zvipembenene. Kwakaita Mafundo hwobva muparadzane uye kuparadza.

Kuwedzera kune zvipukanana izvi, irises angava sei slugs, yaMay enhunzi, wireworms, siyana tate marudzi uye nematodes.