Zvizvarwa zvechihedheni: Zvipfeko zveChina uye nhoroondo yavo

Zvishandiso zveChinese, zvichida zvinonzi "Hanfu", zvakajeka zvikuru, semhando yenyika pachayo. Zvinopesana kwete chete neyekujairika mbatya muEurope, asiwo kubva kune vamwe vokuAsia, kunyange zvazvo zvishoma zvishoma mumweya.

Kwenguva yose yekuvapo kweMambo weKudenga, madzinza makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mashanu akaumbwa munharaunda yaro, imwe neimwe ine tsika dzayo uye, zvechokwadi, zvipfeko zvekufuka.

Kutaura zvazviri, chikafu cheChinese chifananidzo chakakosha, chakaumbwa kubva kune chimwe chezvinhu zvezvipfeko zvemarudzi akasiyana-siyana.

Nhoroondo yechitarisiko

Mukati mawo, kuonekwa kwemapfeko emidziyo kwakaitika kwenguva yakareba kwazvo, zvishoma kudarika zviuru zviviri zvemakore BC. E., apo vagari veMambo Wekudenga vakadzidza kugadzira micheka yakasiyana-siyana yesilika, hemp nekotoni.

Chimiro chechimiro chemupfeko chakanga chiri chokugadzirisa, yunifomu yezvikoro zvose, uye zvishongo zveChinese zvakasiyana, chaizvoizvo, chete nehuhu hwehupfungwa, nemhando dzakanaka uye zvimwe "zvakashongedza". Panguva imwecheteyo, dzakawanda zvemhemberero dzakagadzirwa kubva kumapfekete ezuva nezuva, asi chimwe chinhu, pane chinopesana, chakarasikirwa nechimiro chayo uye chakashandiswa mukushandisa.

Nhoroondo yeChina chikafu, icho chaiva chiratidziro chemazuva ano, chakatanga mushure mokunge Xinhai Revolution yegore ra1911, yakakunda umambo hweQin. Kunze kwekushandiswa, zvipfeko zvepamusoro zvezvikwata zvepamusoro uye zvepakati zvakasara, zvishongo zvayo zvaive nezvichifananidzira uye zvekukosha kwechirevo. Mushure mokunge, chikwata chemadzimai chechikadzi chakanga chichienderera mberi, zvichiita kuti zvipfeko zveChinese zvisiyaniswe zvishoma kubva kuvarume.

Zvose zvechiShinese zvipfeko zvinodzungaira uye zvakakamurwa kuva mhando mbiri maererano nemaitiro avo. Nhasi, Hanfu inopfekedzwa chete nekuda kwezviitiko zvakakomba, asi muMiddle Kingdom kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinomutsidzira rudzi rwekufuka.

Marudzi ezvokudya

Nyaya yakakurumbira inonzi "kimono". Chimiro chayo chimiro chakanaka chakanaka: mashefu uye shure zvinogadzirwa kubva pamashizha maviri ehurefu hwakaenzana, ane panga riri mufudzi rebandauko. Kusiyanisa kimono kubva kune dzimwe mbatya inobvumira danda guru riri kumashure uye kusavapo kwenguva refu pamapfudzi, pamwe chete nekucheka kwezvikwangwani zvishoma pasi pemakumbo.

Icho chimiro chejira chinoputirwa nechepamusoro seamiti kana wedge yakawedzera inoita kuti iwedzere. Chimwe chinozivikanwa chinowanikwa mumitsipa yakakomberedza uye mumirasi yakamira, iyo yakakwirira ichienderana nemafashoni emafashoni.

Kazhinji mhedzisiro yemirasi, sleeve uye hem zvinogadziriswa neshinda yechilika.

Rudzi rwechipiri rwezvimwe zvipfeko zvakafanana hazviparadzanisi neyokutanga, kunze kwekuvapo kwemazuva ekureba kwepamusoro pamusara.

Muchiitiko ichi, mutambo weChinese wemhando chero ipi zvayo inogona kuva nemasikirwo akaenzana uye asina kukwana, izvo, mativi emashalofu anogona kushanduka kumashure, kana kupinda. Muchiitiko ichi, panewo buckles inobata pasi uye inowanikwa kurudyi pasi pehuro.

Nguo dzebhanhire (kumusoro nepamusoro pantshi) haisi yakasiyana mukucheka. Iro nguva dzose yakarurama uye isina pfupa, mabhuruku akareba uye akabatanidza pamakona engopfuura 90 degrees. Isa pane munhu, maruva akadaro anogona kusvika kune zvisikwa nekuda kwechimwe chidimbu chembatya-bhanhire rakanamirwa pachiuno chechiuno.

Mafudzi uye zviuno zvikamu zvehupfeko zvinopesana nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana: yezhizha haina ganda, kusiyana nechitonho-chitubu, yechando kune imwechete yakasungirirwa pamusoro peiyo yakagadzirwa nekotoni.

Kukosha kwemavara

Munyika dzakasiyana-siyana yenyika, zvinoreva maruva zvinowanzoshandurwa nenzira yakasiyana, uye zveMambo weKudenga hausiwo. Uyezve, pasi pekutonga kweZhou Dynasty, chikafu chechiChinese chakaratidza hutsika hwemudzimai wayo muhupamhi hwemasleevha, kureba kwenguvo uye zvishongo.

Panguva iyoyo, ruvara rwemupfeko hwaive hwakarongedzwa nehuwandu hwaiitwa. Saka, somuenzaniso, mhuri yeumambo yakapfeka mashizha, varwi - vari mutsvuku uye machena, uye vechidiki vakapfeka bhuruu. Vachiremekedzwa vaida kuti zvipfeko zvakasvibiswa.

Izvo zvinoreva shades zvakachengetwa kusvikira nhasi. Saka, zvitsvuku zvinoreva kupemberera uye kubudirira, zvinotumidzwa kumamiriro ezvinhu emoto; Yera - chinhu chepasi, kubereka nekubudirira; Bhuruu yaive yakanyanyobatanidzwa nemasikirwo, uchenjeri uye kusanzwisisika kwemhepo, chena chaibatanidza nechando uye nesimbi, saka zvaireva kufa uye kuchema, uye ruvara rwebhuruu rwakataura nezvekuzvininipisa nekuzviisa pasi kweiye akapfeka.

Symbolism yemapurogiramu

Mukadzi wechiChinese nguo dzakasiyana kubva kuvanhu kuburikidza nekuvapo kwemaitiro akachenjera nechinangwa chakadzama. Izvo zvakakurumbira zvaiva mifananidzo yeparachi (kurarama kwenguva refu), orchids (ruzivo) uye peony (pfuma).

Zvishongo nemaruva zvakare zvakafananidzira nguva dzegore: plum - yechando, peony - kutanga kwechitsime, lotus - zhizha uye chrysanthemum - autumn. Kududzirwa kwakadaro kwezvishongedze kwakapona kusvikira nhasi, kunyange pano hakuratidzirwe zvachose, pamwe chete neurongwa rwezvinogona kuitika.