11 zvikuru nharo vanapapa munhau

Kwemazana emakore akawanda, yeKaturike elects akanakisisa uye akafanira vatungamiriri, yakagadzirirwa atungamirire multimillion boka. Zvisinei, pakati 266 vanapapa havana mienzaniso zvose nokuteerera. Vamwe vavo akayeuka utsinye chirango, zvinotyisa zvinonyadzisa uye rima zvemari mabhizimisi pamutemo.

Pope Stephen VI

papa ichi akarayira kuti exhume muviri baba wake Formosa uye utsinye mufambiro kutongwa kwake. muviri yakapfuura papa wacho, uye muvengi Stephen VI akanga akapfeka papa nguo akaisima pachigaro yomupomerwi. Chitunha mibvunzo iye ano papa akapindura. Panoperera muviri dare Formosa vakatongerwa chirango chakakomba. Ngaaparadze minwe vatatu ruoko nako akaropafadza akatendeka, uye ipapo kucheka muviri zvidimbu uye ugokandwa Tiber. Kwakadaro chiito haana kusvika nezvaanoda yevaRoma, uye nhengo zhinji dzeChechi, uye Pope Stephen VI akasungwa, paakange zvakadzipwa. Gurwa muviri Formosa kubatwa uye reburied ari papa muguva.

John XII

papa ichi anonzi kupfuura unzenza papa kwete chete nguva yake, asiwo munhoroondo Catholic Church. Akakwira papa choushe aine makore 18, John akashandura muzinda wake kuva yepfambi, uye akashandisa mari yezvipo vakatendeka. Kunyange mutsigiri Pope Otto I muna pachako kukurukura John XII, akapomerwa umhondi, nhema, kumhura uye makunakuna nehanzvadzi yake. Maererano nedzimwe mishumo, John XII akafa pamaoko murume, mudzimai wake zvachinja uyo pamwe papa. Uchibata navo pamubhedha, murume akagumbuka vakarova baba. Somugumisiro pakati kurohwa papa afa mazuva matatu gare gare.

Pope Benedict IX

papa ichi paakangogara pachigaro katatu. Kokutanga, maererano dzinopesana mishumo, zvakanga 12 kusvika 20 makore. Chero zvazvingava, akanga ari mumwe muduku uye kupfuura wakashata vanapapa munhoroondo yechechi. wezvenhau German, akataura Benedict sezvo dhimoni kubva kugehena, uyo akakwira choumambo muchimiro mupristi weKaturike. Chaaipomerwa umhondi, kuba uye upombwe. Maererano weRoma wenhau, ari papa mumuzinda, Benedict IX aigara akafanana gudzanyaya Sultan, yakapoteredzwa upfumi uye nevarongo.

Boniface VIII

papa ichi, kunyange zvazvo vaizviti Zvisinei zvikuru chivi, uye hausi muenzaniso wokuteerera uye nokutenda. Mushure akwira choushe, Ndokumisapo Zvivako pachake Rome yose uye kuti pabonde pamwe underage nevakomana pasisina chivi pane vachidzipukuta zvanza rakazivisa.

Panguva yokutonga kwake, aitakura guta rose nekuda enyika kusiyana uye ndakawana pachake unofa muvengi mukuru Dante Alighieri. Zviri kuziva kuti Boniface ari wechisere mudenderedzwa hero Dante nebasa, "The Divine Comedy."

Sixtus IV

papa ichi akapomerwa pedophilia uye sodomy, uyewo kuti mumwe vazukuru vake rakanga zvinobikwa makunakuna pakati Sixtus uye hanzvadzi yake duku. Asi zvakaoma chamber kuti veracity mhosva izvi nokuti kuti papa aiva nevavengi vazhinji vane simba. What Sixtus IV Zvechokwadi zvinogona mhosva ndiye chizivano, achingopa. Zvinenge zvose vasisi vake vaiva vafundisi, uye mumwe wavo kunyange vakava Pope. Kuwedzera kune akaipa rupawo munhoroondo yeChechi, Sixtus aiva vaichengetedza pakati zveun'anga, sayenzi uye mapurani yechokwadi. Akarayira kuvakwa yakakurumbira Sistine Chapel, uye akadzorerwa yakashatiswa machechi akawanda muRoma.

Innocent VIII

Innocent akakwira papa choushe pasi kudzivirira mhuri Rover dzemabhizimisi, raiva mugadzi ake. Ndicho chete papa, bvuma vana vavo vasiri, chakanga masere pachena. Uyezve, Innocent akaenda pamusoro Genriha Kramera, munyori sebenzi "Hammer varoyi", uye akapa nzombe anoshevedza chirango varoyi kuti kukurukura dhiabhorosi, izvo zvakazoita kuti akakurumbira inquisitorial pezvakaitwa zvainanga vanhukadzi Europe yose.

Alexander VI

Panguva conclave Alexander akavhotera vanhu 7 chete, uye akaenda pfumbamuromo, akapotsa akatenga chigaro mamwe evamiriri. Rodrigo Borgia munyika, akava papa muna 1492. ushe hwake hwakanga hwokuratidza makunakuna, kutamba kwakaipa, uye guru mari. Pashure kupondwa Mudiwa wake mwanakomana papa yakadzokororwa maonero ake pamusoro unzenza uye adzikama, asi haana kuva zvishoma chisimba. On mirairo ake, akanga akasungirirwa yakakurumbira uye yakakurumbira Girolamo Savonarola, vachishoropodza Alexander nevamwe vabereki vari zvakaipa. Pashure Alexander kugona chiokomuhomwe mumongi, akanga arayira kuti vabate uye kugumisa Savonarola, uye ipapo vakatongerwa pachena kuurayiwa. Chiito ichi ndicho zvikuru pedyo Reformation.

Julius II

Julius II unowanzonzi baba vadzvinyiriri. Aiva simba, chisimba uye zvikuru kushingaira, kunyange aiitawo rutsigiro rwemauto kuItaly, uye pamberi. Kutonga kwake zvakakonzera pakuwedzera yemisangano States uye kuwa Venice. Vazhinji Julius II anozivikanwa nokuda kwake philanthropic mabasa, rakapfuura kunyange vaya babamunini vake Sixtus. Asi Julius akafa yematambudziko kubva njovhera, izvo vakabatwa somugumisiro nevanhu vamiririri mukuru wokupupura. Pakazopera hwake stupas ake papa akaputirwa zvinenge zvakakwana maronda, saka kuti vatendi kugona kupfugama pamberi pavo uye kutsvodana navo.

Leo X

Leo X aibva kumhuri Medici uye aiva nomukurumbira vaichengetedza pakati unyanzvi uye anokudzwa spender. Uyezve, iye akapedza yose papfuma kusiiwa Julius II, mari yake yekudyidzana pfuura mari kwebasa raPapa. Kuti vave nechokwadi oumbozha, ari papa akatanga kutengesa dzezvivi uye mufundisi nzvimbo. Izvi vaiona chivi uye ruregerero zvinotungamirira vachivavhiringidza kudivi nevafundisi uye nevesangano. Njodzi pamusoro izvo pamazimbe akakura urongwa sangano rokuchinja zvinhu.

Paul IV

Paul akakwira choumambo vari kukwegura, asi mumakore mana kwake, mhedziso autocracy ikawanda zvinoitwa Raibvunzurudza. Chakaipa kupfuura kurongeka ake - kutumira vaJudha vose vari ghettos uye kunyadziswa yavakanga pasi richirarama ikoko. By sezvakarayirwa papa zvakaparadzwa uye mumasinagoge kuita muRoma. Paul IV akanga saka vakavengwa vanhu kuti pashure porufu rwake vagari veRoma akaparadza zvose mifananidzo yake uye mifananidzo.

Urban VIII

The Management Board of papa ndipo nomukurumbira paitongwa Galileo. Despotic Pope Urban haana kukoshesa musayendisiti akaedza kuratidza basa rake kuna heliocentric gadziriro yenyika, uye pachake akatungamirira dare. Iye zvinganaka Galileo kuti pachena dzosa mashoko ake kana kumira pamoto, sezvakanga Giordano Bruno. Galileo akasarudza kuponesa upenyu, uye chechi ruregerero akadaro mafungiro chete pashure emakore.