Abu Simbel. Temple muIjipiti akavaka dzaRamses 2

Kuti varege kurasika pakati pegungwa inopiwa kubva siyana masangano kufamba, vanhu vakawanda vanoedza kudzidza pamusoro ari zvinotyisa yeEgipita. Zvino kushandiswa mabhuku anogona kuwana chero ruzivo pamusoro nyika ino uye wongororo kubva nevamwe vafambi. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha nzvimbo munyika - temberi Abu Simbel. Asi kwete vose vanoziva nezvazvo. Chokwadi, nekuti kune zvakawanda dzakakurumbira zvinokwezva pane Abu Simbel. Egypt anonyanya kuzivikanwa mapiramidhi ose Giza uye sphinx chifananidzo. Asi zvakanga zviri pamberi mutemberi iyi February 22 uye 22 October paanoenda anopfuura 5000 vashanyi.

Chii anoswedera ikoko?

Abu Simbel pamepu - taundi duku, vakarasika pakati nacho Nubia kuchamhembe muIjipiti, pedyo nomuganhu Sudan. Zvavovo ake, akavezwa mudombo amire kurutivi kumahombekombe Lake Nasser. Ensemble Anoshamisa yakavakwa 1244 BC vachikudza kukunda vaHiti dzaRamses 2. More chaizvo, pane temberi maviri. Large yakatsaurirwa kuna Farao, uye vanamwari vatatu, asi zvishoma - mwarikadzi Hathor uye mudzimai wake waaida dzaRamses, akanaka Nefertari.

Kazhinji, paitonga dzaRamses 2 zvakanzi yakavakwa bako temberi mashanu, asi Abu Simbel anonzi kuti vakawanda zvikuru vavo. Pasinei chokwadi kuti temberi iyi vakazvitsaurira kuna vanamwari vatatu vakadzivirira uto waFarao, chaizvoizvo, vakarumbidza dzaRamses 2, uyo akatonga kwamakore 67 muIjipiti. Panguva ino akanga akunda kunyika 11. Amai vake wakachengetwa ari Cairo Museum.

Zvakakurukurwa marongerwo uye nzvimbo

Pasuo retemberi Great anotarisana kumabvazuva. The France iri yakashongedzwa mana maviri mita mifananidzo naFarao, uyo majestically akagadzwa. Vanochera achiri kushamiswa asian mufananidzo uye kukura akakwana ari zvivezwa. Uye vose mifananidzo vari chimwe chete nemapoka musoro wake panguva kwenyika. tsoka Farao - chivezwa vakadzi nevana, uye pamusoro pomukova kutemberi zvinoratidzira mwari Ra.

horo

Temple dzaRamses 2 inoumbwa zvina rectangular dzezvimwe, izvo sequentially ipfupi. The kamuri rokutanga - wakapamhama chaizvo. Its yakakwirira Arch rutsigiro mana madziro mbiru, uye masvingo akafukidzwa magwaro uye reliefs chitsvuku. Pane mifananidzo iri Farao achinyepera mwari Osiris. nzvimbo iyi yakanga yakazaruka vakundi zvose. In wechipiri aigona chete kupinda "vanokudzwa". The kamuri wechitatu, iyo ichiri shoma pane yapfuura mumwe, akanga kuwanika chete nevapristi. Mukamuri rechina aigona chete kupinda Farao uye mhuri yake. Kuti pane chidhori HARMAKHIS vanamwari, yaAmun-Re uye Ptah vanhu mutongi. Munhu wose mukereke rinotaura simba uye upfumi dzaRamses 2: masvingo mukamuri rimwe riri yakashongedzwa zvinoshamisa reliefs ndichizivisa zviito zvechiuto uye upenyu hwake. Zvino mufananidzo pamusoro pasirin'i kwezuva uye nemhungu raifananidzira simba ehurumende uye akarurama chirango mhosva pamberi paFarao.

Asi mushure emakore mashomanana, pendi nani, uye Abu Simbel ari inenge kunyura zvachose nacho Sahara. Yakanga chete pakutanga namapfumbamwe remakore, kudzidza mutemberi Hathor musayendisiti kubva Switzerland nezvemukadzi zvimedu nhamba, uye pashure pamwero mukuru kupikidura kwemakore Ramesses 2 temberi yakanga yabviswa jecha.

Vazhinji gore mumahofisi waro dzaitongwa penumbra, uye chete panguva chitubu uye matsutso rinenge riine, izvo uwirirane mazuva kuberekwa uye kugadzwa zviri Farao, unogona kupupurira zvikuru hauzozvikanganwi. Kuiona, mapoka zapolonyayut muIjipiti mazuva ano. Gedye pa 5:00 58 maminitsi nokunobuda zuva chinopinda temberi uye anotanga rwendo kwayo unhurried kuburikidza dzimba dzaro. Pamugumo wayo nzira danda emasiraidhi pamafudzi waAmoni-Ra, uye chiso dzaRamses 2, kumbomira kwemaminitsi mashoma. Zvinonzi panguva iyi Farao anotanga kunyemwerera.

Pashure paizvozvo, chifananidzo chakaita HARMAKHIS, chiedza chezuva inosiya temberi Great, uye isingatsiki pechifananidzo Ptah, ishe nyikadzimu, vasingabvumi kubatsirwa. Chokwadi, hapana chakavanzika, uye chete kukarukureta yakarurama kwazvo nevaroyi vekuIjipiti uye vapristi.

Interesting temberi chakavanzika

Asi kwakange mutemberi mumwe kwechakavanzika chakanga pakupedzisira kukanganwika. Ose mangwanani mambakwedza, izvozvo chinogomera akanyarara kuchema. Kwenguva refu hapana akagona Fani iyi, asi masayendisiti achiri kukwanisa kufukura chakavanzika. All nyaya iri makatsemuka muimba, kana panzvimbo mudenga tembiricha. Panguva zuva, iye akamutswa, makatsemuka wakashamira uye akatanga kubudisa mitinhimira iyi. Vakati akavhara, kuchema amira.

Small Temberi Abu Simbel: STRUCTURAL zvinhu

At mamita 100 kubva Temple Great itembere duku Abu Simbel. Zvinonzi kuna muIjipita mwarikadzi yekare rudo, Hathor, iyo inobudisa Nefertari kuva soro uye anodiwa zvaiendeswa mudzimai paFarao. We akanyora nezvazvo sezvo mukadzi akanaka uye akachenjera. Chete nayo munhoroondo Ancient Egypt akanga paakavapa rukudzo urwu. temberi Small anotarisa zvikuru mwero uye chinosanganisira chete neeimba tsvene a. On France ayo ari niches vari mifananidzo dzaRamses uye Nefertari 2. A zvakanaka akarigadzirira mutambo nyika anovapa rinokosha mystique. Munzvimbo tsvene pane chivezwa mwarikadzi Hathor muchimiro mhou matsvene, uye pamberi payo - mufananidzo Farao.

The kunzwisisa pakati Abu Simbel rakanga riri vanobwembura murwizi, waiva akakosha chaizvo zvine urongwa pfungwa. Farao chifananidzo kuri nyore kuonekwa kure, rinomiririra simba uye simba venyika. Vakatarisa chaizvo mangwanani, kana nokunobuda zuva akasvibiswa neropa-tsvuku ravo ruvara.

kugadzirisa

Mune 60s remakore rapfuura temberi ichimuremera pangozi itsva. Lake, pamahombekombe iro riri, zvinogona chose nyudza, uye zvose nokuda pakuvaka Aswan dhamu iri Nile. Chave yakawanda muzvirongwa kurwira chinangwa nhaka nemagariro. Kunyange aida kuvaka pemvura regirazi rising pamusoro temberi. Asi akaita rakasiyana mhinduro - kuti nekukatanura Dzinovaka uye kutamira kune imwe nzvimbo yakakwirira. The oparesheni akanga akapindwa nyanzvi kubva kunyika makumi mashanu. It apedzera anopfuura mamiriyoni 42 emadhora. Makore mana uchikwezvwa ichi akachekwa kupinda munhu zvidimbu yairema kubva matani 3 kusvika 20, izvo vakaverengwa uye kuendeswa kune rakagadzirwa nevanhu murwi.

Ikoko vakanga akachera uye vakazadzwa ine anotsvedzerera anobuda pamiti nemakwenzi sezvamunoita, iyo aifanira kusimbisa ibwe. Dzinokwana anopfuura chiuru dzakabatana. Reassembled netemberi akafukidza zvakasimbisa kongiri chivharo, uye akadurura pamusoro ibwe murwi, izvo zvinofanira sezvimwe dombo. Asi zvakaitwa kudaro zvinyoronyoro kuti zvakava netemberi vakamira pano kwemazana emakore. Uye banzurwa kamwe musoro mumwe mifananidzo akanga atamira uye zvikuru zvakarurama vakaisa mujinga temberi.

kudzidza mamiriro

Kuburikidza mabasa aya Abu Simbel akanga vainyatsoongorora nevanochera uye nyanzvi kubva UNESCO, iyo yakarohwa unyanzvi ezvivako yekare. Zvavakanga akanyatsoongorora nechigadziko mamiriro, nyanzvi zvinoshamisa akawana kuti France mutsetse akaronga akaererana mitswe padombo, chinoitwa temberi nemishonga uye matombo vakashumira dzinongoitika rutsigiro makuru yakanyungudutswa.

Iron oxide, kushandiswa kusimbisa akaturikidzana ose sandstone, kuwedzera chinangwa chawo chikuru, akapa ibwe akasiyana-siyana mavara akajeka - kubva nezvisungo tsvuku uye kunyange rwepingi. Somugumisiro kuvhiyiwa uku kwakaita kuti zvakaoma 200 M mberi uye 65 M pamusoro mudziva sandara uye ichizadza riri risisiri pangozi.

Pakupedzisira, duku

September 22 Abu Simbel - Temple muIjipiti - zvakare anotora vashanyi. Cultural nhaka hwaponeswa kuzvibereko uye akava mumwe nzvimbo yebhizimisi makadhi Egipita.