Anchor cheni. Chezvinonhuwira kuti chikepe mudziyo

Anchor cheni - chinhu chinokosha pamusoro yakanyatsoti mudziyo uye mudziyo yose yose. Wokutanga chinobata ngetani aiva makore mazana maviri adarika. Zvino chikepe cheni Magadzirirwo pasi mitemo uye vakapfuura zvemaziso nemiedzo.

History of Mbambo cheni

Kwemazana emakore, vafambisi vaishandisa hemp tambo kuti kugadzira zvimiso. Sailboats pakati rokupedzisira chemakore dzakaitwa munguva kugara zvimiso diki uye tambo simba hemp kwakanga zvakakwana. With pokumuka ngarava uye zvomumvura shipbuilding, saka, zvimiso kuva kwakanyanya. Kuti simba zvakakwana, hemp mabote zvasvika hafu mutinhimira kutenderera, saka vaifanira kushandisa wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose kumagumo kuti vanodzamara tambo kana twine mu bollard Drum capstan. Uyezve, hemp netambo frays chinotsigisa hawse uye chando vakabayiwa kudzikamisa kwavo pasi kurema, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti uremu Mbambo netsvimbo.

The kuguma namasere uye namapfumbamwe emakore anozivikanwa kutanga oga nyaya kushanda esimbi chinotsigisa ngetani, izvo zvinoshamisa rikaratidzwa uye panguva madutu, uye panguva ice-yokumbozorora musi Thames. The pamutemo pakatanga kushandiswa resimbi cheni anoonekwa kuti 1814.

Frigate "Pallada", yakatanga kufamba muna 1832 - muchikepe yeRussian rengarava, akashongedzerwa pamwe unenge ngetani vokutanga.

Nechekare muna 1859, kugadzwa pamusoro zvikepe British Navy chinotsigisa ngetani asati atanga kunzwa hunyambiri maererano zvinodiwa yakataurwa vaLloyd Register, uye muna 1879 - uye pamusoro yokuzorora.

Zvinodiwa Shipping Register

Zvikurukuru nokukurumidza Russian rengarava akatanga kukudziridza pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, uye hwaivapo panguva iyoyo kupatsanura ngarava asisiri zvinodiwa kuti vakachengeteka. Naizvozvo, muna 1913, akanga aumba rudzi kupatsanura vanhu "Russian Register", iro munhau eSoviet pakuzivikanwa se mazita ari USSR, uye ikozvino - Russian Maritime Register pakati Shipping (RS). mabasa ayo anosanganisira kuyerwa uye kupatsanura ngarava uye zvinoyangarara zvivako, kwerunyararo registries dzavo, vachiongorora pavo uye michina achitarisirwa.

Maererano zvinodiwa Register mugungwa kuenda midziyo vanofanira kuva maviri anobatwa uye mumwe kupembedza gungwa chikepe. Pakazoti mumwe cheni pakureba inofanira kuva asingasviki mazana maviri metres, zvinonzi akapa yokutsiva uta chikepe. Uyewo, vaviri Mubatanidzi uye kuguma chikomboredzo. Anchor anotakura mudziyo inopa nzira iyo kukwanisa kunoita kuti asarudze chikepe haasi kupfuura hafu yeawa. Pasi pokudzora Register constituent zvenyaya Mbambo mudziyo.

Mbambo giya

Wakaiswa kuti chikepe cheni kunopiwa kana kutarira kubudikidza chaiwo zvigadziriswe uye namano. Anchor cheni kuparidzirwa nokuti mudziyo anodzoka pakupopotedzana cheni fairleads - zvose anouya pamwe uye ndiye chinotsigisa chikepe michina. Rine zvimiso mbiri panhivi iri uta ngarava. On the mhino yava wakaiswa uye winch pamwe yemagetsi kana hydraulic tikachirega. The chikuru Chikamu winch - chinhu asiterisiki, izvo muchikuvadza kukwira cheni Links. Magadzirirwo zvakare rinosanganisira winch Drum pamusoro zviri muchikuvadza moorings.

The cheni kubva chinotsigisa inopfuura nomunyika pataimbozorora bhodhi, uye chimiso chikepe hawse muchikuvadza pamusoro winch sprocket vakasununguka mugumo chikomboredzo richengetwe kusvikira mudziyo chuma yokuchinjira mbatya kuchikoro.

Vamwe midziyo iri shure Mbambo mudziyo. Sezvo nzvimbo iri shoma ari mushure, ipapo kusimudza mumwe kana vaviri zvimiso zvokudya kushandiswa steeple. Izvi muhombe Drum ane asiterisiki nechepasi, vertically vakatasva. Sangano chiri electric motor, zvinogona kunge zviri dhiramu kana pasi uriri. On the sprocket cheni iri muchikuvadza. Photography zvinoratidza capstan mudziyo, apo 1 - ndiko dhiramu, 2- chinjikira sprocket 3 - Mbambo cheni.

Nokukiya uye kugadzira zvinhu

Kuparidzirwa zvakabatanidzwa tunodzivisa vaingoerekana etching uye vakabata pasi makakatanwa ari chikepe cheni uye Cluzet. Vanogona wakaiswa kana inotakurika uye cheni achipfeka.

By design, ari kuparidzirwa vari zononoka cam that kana mogeji zambuko. Eccentric Kumira vari yakaiswa pamidziyo zviduku. Chain kuparidzirwa - vane pfupi uta, izvo vakayambuka chikepe chikomboredzo uye dzakabatana uriri panguva Obukhov miviri.

Anchor hawse pombi izvo kushumira rokuchenesa zvibatiso chinotsigisa cheni angava kwakajairika, welded kana vakakanda kutakurirwa uye hove midziyo; rakavhurika sezvo yakasimba Kudzingwa munoyerera muviri pamusoro nizkobortnyh midziyo; aine niche parutivi yakanamirwa pamifananidzo iri mutakurwi zvikepe, nezvikepe chando navigation, vachibvumira kubvisa chinotsigisa chomumba ganda, nokudaro kuderedza mukana kukuvara.

Types uye zvimiso kuvakwa

Nhasi, pane mhando ina zvimiso. With kuva zvimiso izvo yakarongwa nouta, ngarava iri rakaitirwa panzvimbo. Maximum dzavo uremu vatakuri ndege kunosvika mamita 30. Kutsigira chinotsigisa aft chinangwa kudzivisa mudziyo kutendeuka vakapoteredza ikure. Nokuti nguva refu chengetedzo kuti kuyangarara zvinhu, zvakadai buoys uye zvikwangwani, wakaiswa zvimiso "akafa". Fidgeted bata chaiyo chinangwa zvikepe, t. N. zvechinguvana midziyo mugodhi.

Parizvino inozivikanwa munyika siyana anopfuura zviuru zvishanu zvimiso. Asi chikepe gungwa rinoumbwa chikuru zvikamu zvina. Hwaro yose mamiriro chinhu chokurukisa. On chokurukisa mira kana swivel akatasva nyanga vane mhuka nemazinzara, izvo burrow muvhu uye chengeta igwa panzvimbo. Perpendicular kuti nyanga uye chokurukisa mugodhi riri iro Anoshandura chinobata nechepasi mushure svetuka, uye asingadi kupa nyanga nhema yakatambarara. Fastening chinotsigisa netambo kana chinobata cheni uye rin'i kiramba inopiwa, iyo inonzi mhete.

Basic zvenyaya Mbambo cheni

The chikuru chinhu pamusoro chikepe cheni - link, iyo yakaitwa echoto welded simbi tsvimbo pamwe kuumbwa kana kukanda simbi choRusvingo pamwe spacer nounyoro anokungurutsirwa simbi.

Neuta chinobata cheni kwakabatana kuti unobva mumabhuraketi, nyore kana proprietary, kupfuura zvinowanzovapo unova Kenter shackle. Simple zvinodyiwa hadzina insured pamusoro netsaona buri. Uyezve, kana kushandiswa chinouraya dzakabatana nengetani anoitwa pasina buttresses, uye akakura kupfuura kwakajairika dzakabatana.

Kenter shackle sezvinoita kuipa kubatana, chete paradzanisa. The sezvikamu zviviri chikomboredzo vari chokuita yemauto uye rakaramba vanofamba Pamativi, akaiswa pana necheparutivi ane vatungamirire Pin chivharo.

Swivel, izvo kunotadzisa nokuvhiringidza chinotsigisa cheni panguva kuAnchorage, ari nemamiriro chaiko swivel inouraya chikwata yemanyorero uye zviyero zviviri zvakasimbisa therebetween.

Akazadzisa Link - pamwe yorusvingo, duku kukura pane chinouraya, asi kupfuura dzose kubatana. Chikomboredzo chinobata rakaiswa Ziso chikepe chokurukisa, uyewo hwakabatana kumagumo kubatana zviri swivel chikepe chikomboredzo, vakadzokera naye shure.

Pamasikiro Mbambo cheni

Anchor cheni, uyewo upi, inoitwa Links, asi magadzirirwo hakusi nyore. Links kuenda chaiyo urefu, makatumidzwa zvenguva uta. By netsika Russian rengarava chisungo kureba 25 metres, muUK, apo chipo chinogamuchirwa nokuyerwa yakareba mamita - 27,43 metres kana 30 mamita. Uta kuti aida cheni pakureba pamwe chete uye zvakabatana pakati canter inoshanda. Izvi nzira gungano zvinoita nyore kubvisa dzaparadzwa nzvimbo uye kushandura Kureba chinotsigisa cheni kana zvichidiwa.

Root uta, riri ngadzirambe dziri cheni bhokisi rimwe divi magumo chikomboredzo inoguma, uye mumwe yakakura zhvakogalsom. Zhvakogalsovaya uta iri pfupi, mumwe mugumo yakasimbiswa kuti cheni yokuchinjira mbatya kuchikoro uye nechiredzo pane mumwe mugumo cheni. The Photo rinoratidza kuti zvinokwanisika kuti asunungure chigunwe Kumbofungatira chirauro. zvakagadzirwa Izvi zvinobvumira mumwe munhu kuti nokukurumidza kusunungura mudziyo kubva Mbambo cheni.

Anchor uta (gwaro mutsetse) ndiko zvakasiyana rokuvaka kubva zvenguva. Hunosanganisira swivel. A uta kuguma chikomboredzo kuti riri zvakabatanidzwa Mbambo.

Kukura Mbambo cheni

The inokosha kukura, ukobvu uye iyo inorondedzera zvechadenga cheni iri kwayo caliber. Caliber - dhayamita tsvimbo, iro kubatana yakaitwa, kana kuguma mugove kubatana, zvichienderana nzira gadzira. Ataurwa kuburikidza caliber kukura uye dzimwe dzakabatana kuti vanoumba redunhu. Weight pa mita chikepe cheni inobvawo pamusoro caliber uchishandisa coefficients kuti dlinnozvennye cheni - 2 pasina buttresses - 2.2, pamwe buttresses - 2.3.

Chain urefu kunobva mhando mudziyo uye ukuru hwaro. Inofanira kuva zvakawanda kudzika kwegungwa panzvimbo yokupakira, nekuti, chokutanga, kuipa riri pazasi kuti cheni kunobatsira anchor the kuenda pasi kuiita ipapo, uye chepiri kuti simba kuti chiito anchor kuroorana zviri pasi, hazvifaniri kuendeswa kumusoro uye yakatambarara.

Motokari Marine yemanyorero vane ngetani uye zvinosanganisira 10-13 geji nengetani 80 kusvika 120 neMM, izvo kunoenderana ukuru mukuru Mbambo. Kana caliber kupfuura 15 neMM, ivo zviumbu anoitwa yorusvingo - transverse Bridge, iro anowedzera vang robustness kuodzwa 20%.

Uyewo chinokosha counter, ruvara kupenda kushandiswa yakanyatsoti mano. The nhamba uye ruvara (chena kana tsvuku) zviumbu mavara kunoenderana nenhamba etched metres kana nengetani randinogara nengetani. Photo zvinoratidza kuti chinopinda mazana mana nokukwirira neketani, nokuti mativi ose tsvuku chikomboredzo Kenter chena kupendwa pamusoro Links maviri. Kuti tizive nokureba cheni murima, kuti choRusvingo okupedzisira kubatana rinoshandisirwa vakarondedzera zvisingabvumirwi kuti nyoro annealed waya.

Parameters Mbambo cheni

The chikuru parameters pamusoro chinotsigisa cheni - ichi caliber, chikamu simba, zvokuimba mutoro uye tensile muedzo yokungotaura guru. Maererano magadzirirwo parameters ose chinotsigisa cheni Links anowanikwa kana pasina buttresses.

By simba unhu, izvo kuvimba caliber kwemashoko uye kugadzira nzira, The Anchor cheni zvinogona kuipa, yakakwirira kana mukuru simba. Maketani dzingasiyana uye nzira mukugadzira dzakabatana uye spacers pachavo.

Kuita okuwana mitemo - a chinodiwa kugadzirwa Mbambo nengetani. Somuenzaniso, zvibatiso cheni GOST 228-79 - chigadzirwa pamwe spacers zviri yakagadzirwa kabhoni uye chiwanikwa steels, akafarirwa zvemaziso ehupfumi, ane mwero simba uye caliber pamusoro Mapato matatu huru Links pamwe spacer 11 kusvika 178 mm.

Quality zvenhengo magungano uye munhu zvinoumba chinotsigisa mano, kusanganisira ngetani, - hazvisi chete rakavimbika uye kuchengeteka muchikepe, asi runovimbisa kuchengeteka uye dzimwe nguva upenyu vanhu vaivamo.