Sirika Manufacturing: Dzekare Nedzazvino

Nokukakavara pamusoro apo sirika kurimwa kwacho kwave yakatanga, kusvikira nhasi. Zvisinei, zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo mu China Kutaura chokwadi, aigona hwogumisa nyaya iyi - zvinyama zvimedu, yakawanikwa 1958 muna Shandong Province, kumabvazuva China, ndiyo nyika dangwe hwakawanda huripo sirika nhumbi. Zvino sirika anonzi "Mambo zvinyama" uye akaita nayo-siyana kwazvakaita, uye chinokosha zvikuru uye zvinodhura - wechisikigo zvinhu, ari zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe nhoroondo uye tsika hweKudenga Empire.

Legend mudzimai vamambo

Silk Kugadzirwa mu China ane makore anopfuura 6000. Nhoroondo rejira ichi zvikuru akafukidzwa ngano. Maererano nomumwe wavo, mudzimai Yellow Emperor Huang Di akanga agere pasi womuonde uye kunwa tii kana mukombe wake pasi chena bhora - guurwa. Mukadzi akada kufungisisa siyana mananara uye akaona bhora kubva fluffy chena neshinda anooneka akasimba. Mhepo neshinda napagumwe roruoko, mudzimai vamambo pavakaona kuti fibers yakadaro inogona kushandiswa pave jira. Sezvo akatanga kukura silkworms mirairo zvakananga.

Gare gare, China akanga yakagadzirwa chinyakare revaruki, pashure iyo kugadzirwa esiriki mu China yekare munguva iri Shang youmambo iri XVI remakore BC. e. Yakasvika inonyanya chechetere.

Under marwadzo rufu zvakavanzika kugadzirwa Chinese Varuki

Chinese vanatenzi muri ake akaramba muchivande kwemakore anopfuura chiuru. Chakavanzika esiriki kurimwa munyika yekare yakaramba chaizvo zvachose - munhoroondo yevanhu, zvakanga chimwe chezvinhu akadzivirirwa "bhizimisi zvakavanzika." Kurambidzwa aina silkworm mazana, cocoons, mbeu mulberry akaita pasi chorufu.

Kunyange zvazvo mazuva iwayo taiva nekodzero kupfeka esiriki gowns chete madzimambo uye kuziva tsika sericulture uye filature nokukurumidza rakapararira China, uye jira akatenga nevamiririri pakati mukirasi uye varombo.

rejira rakanaka uye nguo vaizivikanwa yokuisvonaka uye basa rakanaka. Asi hapana akasununguka, hapana chirango vasingagoni kumisa kufambira mberi esiriki kune dzimwe nyika.

The Great Silk Road

Silk zvigadzirwa vava chinokosha vatorwa kutengeserana the Chinese Empire. mucheka zvinokosha akaunzwa kuna Europe kuburikidza Silk Road. Goods zvifambiswe nomumakomo uye mumarenje, namakamera, namahesera, uye zvipingamupinyi vasingagoni kumisa akaremerwa chengoro - katakura akavimbisa rebei purofiti.

The Great Silk Road vagura Asia uye Europe, dzaibatanidza upenyu uye mararamiro-siyana avanhu. Zvakatanga muna Yellow River Valley, achipfuura kumadokero chikamu Great Wall of China kuna Issyk-Kul Lake. Zvadaro, nzira zvenyama zviri kumaodzanyemba: rwezasi mugwagwa zvakakonzera Ferghana, Samarkand, Iraq, Iran, Siria uye Gungwa reMediterranean, uye kuchamhembe diverged muzvikamu zviviri - mumwe akaenda kuCentral Asia, uye wechipiri pamusoro rezasi kunosvika ari Ishe DARYA River muna West Kazakhstan uye, skirting kumusoro-kumabvazuva Black gungwa kuna Europe. The zvachose Kureba Great Silk Road aiva zvinopfuura 7000 makiromita.

Sezvo esiriki kugadzirwa akaonekwa Korea, ipapo muJapan, India, uye, pakupedzisira, munyika dzokuEurope uye hweRoma. Kwemazana emakore, Silk Road yaiva pfungwa chaiye yose kutengeserana chiito. Dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana of Silk Road vakasikirwa zvemakore. "Mumwe bhandi, mumwe mugwagwa" - pfungwa iri ano uye panguva iyoyo: iri XXI remakore ichiraramisa China wokuti kuti dzinomutsidzira Silk Road pamwe oupfumi mu migwagwa, mukuru-nokukurumidza njanji uye zvengarava, izvo zvinoita kuti kunyatsoshanda okuwana nezvigadziko zviri vakwanise remunharaunda mapazi.

Musi Silk Road anogona kuwanikwa munyika guru sirika miziyamu muna Hangzhou. Rine vazhinji nemamwe zvinhu uye zvimedu vekare Dynasties Matandira uye mazera akasiyana-siyana.

Features sirika Kugadzirwa

Kunyange zvazvo kugadzirwa esiriki mu China yekare yakanga zvachose Classified, maererano nengano, zvemamongi Roman vakakwanisa verevedza silkworm cocoons iri guru Byzantine Empire, Constantinople. It Kubvira kufanorongwa panguva Imperial Palace cocoonery (nzvimbo maberekero mazana pamusoro silkworm) uye yakasimbiswa winders. Products vaiva nakisisa mutengo - uye izvi imhaka kunzwisisa uye multi-Danho muitiro kubudisa filaments uye ipapo rakapera jira.

Rutoto pamusoro silkworms uye sirika kugadzirwa kunoda kutarisirwa, basa rakaoma uye kungwarira kuongorora.

The chikuru zvokukura kugadzirwa

Kana isu tsanangura kugadzirwa esiriki pfupi, vachava zvinotevera muitiro. Butterfly silkworm munguva hwavo, huchavapo kubvira 4 6 Mazuva, mazai anenge 500. Mazana akadyisa mulberry mashizha, vane guru kudya, avo uremu inowedzera nokukurumidza. Mberi nomupedzachose mazana kumativi pachavo ine fuma icho zvinoberekwa chaiwo mumasero avo. Pakutanga vari vaviri dzakaonda silky, solidifying mudenga. Nokukurumidza kumativi Tracks akaumba gobvu filament Network. Achizvivakira furemu pakati guurwa, nomupedzachose kunoita kupinda payo uye zvishoma nezvishoma dzinoumba guurwa - chena fluffy bhora.

Pashure pemazuva 8-9, iyo mazana ukuparadze uye cocoons ndokunyika mumvura inopisa kuwana beach. kureba kwavo zvingava 400 kusvika 1000 metres uye Ukobvu 10-12 microns. Several dzakamonyana tambo kuti silkworm - nayo mbishi. Next, kunoguma rushava iri dzikwanise jira. Kuoma kunzwisisa chokuwana zvinyama chinokosha: hadzi gown Zvinotora anenge 630 cocoons.

The pakuzadzisa Chinese michina

The zvichiguma mutsvuku raifanira muchikuvadza pamusoro vangapiwa. Shelkokrutilnye kutanga akazogadzira vhiri kunyange panguva Ming hwedzinza. Muzana XVIII remakore muna Jiangsu vatenzi yakabereka michina, umo mumakumbo vari nemhepo pasi, saka kuwedzera yauinayo.

Ipapo muchini kugadzirwa kwezvinhu multi-mavara jira krupnouzornoy akasikwa, waiva pakuzadzisa zvigadzirwa. Chinese sirika hove rakanga zvikuru vakaita European - muchina wokutanga, tkavshy sirika RIBBONS, akazviratidza Germany chete XVI remakore. The kudiwa esiriki micheka akura zvose mukati China uye pasi pose. Ramba kuvandudza sirika kugadzirwa Mechanisation - nhoroondo rejira iri kurukana pamwe nebudiriro Whitehead Textile okugadzira.

Filature uye kurukiswa: Dzekare Nedzazvino

Panguva kwemaindasitiri ari XIX remakore paiva kuderera iri European sirika indasitiri. Chechipiri "sirika umambo" pashure China akava Japan. Cheap Japanese nesirika, kunyanya nemhaka Panovhurwa neSuez Canal, aiva mumwe zvinhu zvakawanda kuderedza zvachose mutengo wawo. Mukuwedzera, kwaita chakaita zvokugadzirwa fibers yasvika kudzora ari kugadzirwa mishonga yakadai masokisi uye parachutes.

hondo mbiri dzenyika ndatovhiringidza nerubatsiro mbishi zvokuvakisa Japan uye European sirika indasitiri kwakanga standstill. Asi mangwanani 50-ies pakati XX remakore muJapan, sirika kugadzirwa rukaporeswa, nani kunaka yakatsvuka zvinhu. Japan, pamwe China vakasara imwe yenyika vaitungamirira Vanoburitsa yakatsvuka nesirika, uye anoita chete chikuru ekisipota kusvika 1970.

China iri zvishoma nezvishoma rethought nzvimbo yaro sezvo mutungamiri wenyika ari kugadzirwa nesirika uye ekisipota pamusoro mbishi mutsvuku, achiratidza kuti nhoroondo esiriki kunotevera yayo nenheyo boomerang. Nhasi unobereka zvuru 125 matani esiriki munyika. Zvinenge zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu pagadzirwe runopiwa China. Other vaburitsi zvikuru - India, Japan, Korea, Thailand, Vietnam, Uzbekistan uye Brazil. The United States ndiyo kupfuura imupota kuti sirika zvigadzirwa.

The ehupfumi rwokuzvarwa jira

Articles akaita rwokuzvarwa sirika kunofanira kupenyerera uye munyoro, uye ruvara - yunifomu. Best nzvimbo kutenga sirika mu China - iri Suzhou, Hangzhou uye Shanghai yose enterprising vanamuzvinabhizimisi dzinoronga sirika Tours nyika iyi.

Kutenga zvinhu zvakaitwa rwokuzvarwa nesirika, zvinofanira kufungwa:

• sirika zvigadzirwa paruoko-pakushambwa;
• echitema pamusoro esiriki zvigadzirwa vanofanira kukurumidza yadzima mumvura inotonhora ine sipo nyoro;
• pashure Washing anofanira kwazvo rinsing uye munyoro kuomesa zvinhu;
• simbi zvipfeko rakagadzirwa esiriki kunofanira pagungano tembiricha yakaderera (kunoratidzwa zvikuru pamusoro necheni);
• akanatswa zvinhu kana kuva ruvara anodhinda nani kupa Dry Cleaners;
• Rambai chigadzirwa zvakanaka nyaya (kwete Mapurasitiki) uye kubva zvakananga chezuva.

Zvaidiwa Mazano nyore izvi zvichabatsira zvachose kuchengetedza yakajeka chinoshamisira wenguvo zvinhu uye zvinhu zvakapiwa pachisikirwo.

Rayon: zvinhu uye misiyano

Pakupera ari XIX remakore, kutanga akazviratidza chakagadzirwa nesirika, gadzira kwayo kwave kugadziridzwa kubva cellulose faibha. . Mucheka unonzi viscose.

Chakagadzirwa uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa mhando esiriki micheka vane akasiyana kubwinya, vane ganda uye yakasimba. How kusiyanisa dzinongoitika kubva chakagadzirwa tishu? Kazhinji mumusika anogona kutenga nyepera nomubhadharo.

Heano mazano pane chii kutsvaka pakusarudza jira:

• dzinongoitika zvinhu manyoro ari kubatwa uye ushamwari, kusafanana chakagadzirwa, unotonhorera uye zvishoma akapfava;
• jira dzinongoitika rumpled zvishoma, yakaunyana chakagadzirwa simba;
• rwokuzvarwa zvinyama zvinyoronyoro kuvhenekera uye shimmer, chakagadzirwa - vane unopinza kubwinya;
• kwakandionza kuguma chakagadzirwa filament rakaita bhurasho kuti Zvinhu Zvisina Basa iri fibers, uye zviwanikwa - mu mutundu nomunhu Mini-fibers;
• nyoro filament rayon rinopatsanurwa nyore kupfuura akaoma;
• nzira yokupisa filament havangagoni kushandisa, asi ndiwo chakavimbika kupfuura: Natural shinda iri sintered kuva gobvu chaunga, kupera uye Rinofembedza yokupisa bvudzi uye chakagadzirwa Uchipisa kuburukira kumugumo, zvichiita munhuwi uchipfuta muzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakemikari;
• Chakagadzirwa dandemutande haadzokeri, kusafanana zvechisikigo;
• rayon anenge Vachaoma muzuva, uye zvakasikirwa zvinyama pamusoro nguva, kurasikirwa ruvara Vachaoma.

Silk anganzi rakasiyana chigadzirwa kuti kwasvika kwatiri kubva kare, pasina kurasikirwa runako uye kukosha. Fashion dzimba munyika - Dolce & Gabbana, Valentino nevamwe pave muunganidzwa kwakavakirwa dzinongoitika nesirika, tichifadza akaoma kunzwisisa connoisseurs rwechokwadi runako matsva zvokushanda chatingatevedzera zvinhu - chipo zvakasikwa nomunhu-tenzi.