Ballistic chombo "Sineva": unhu uye tsananguro

Kare muzana remakore rechi19, wokutanga kuedza kuisa zvombo ari Ngarava dzepasi pemvura akatorwa. Pfungwa ndohwaJehovha Russian injiniya K. A. Shilderu. Maererano chirongwa panguva Alexandrovsky foundry muna March 1834 zvakanzi yakavakwa "chitundumuseremusere" yepasi pemvura. Asi hazvina rakagamuchirwa yeRussia Imperial Navy. Zvisinei, pfungwa kununura zvombo pakavanda yepasi pemvura yakazokudziridzwa kukura mamwe mainjiniya zvechiuto. Zvikurukuru dzinonakidza semaonero iyi maonero chombo "Sineva".

chombo pemvura kunotozowedzera

III Reich akaedzawo kushandisa pfungwa nezvekutanga zvombo kubva yepasi pemvura uchidzidzira. Saka, pakati Peenemunde kwezhizha 1942. U-511 yepasi pemvura akarega kuti chinangwa ichi. Kwaizvozvi, kuti chitundumuseremusere - zvimbambaira putika caliber 280 mm uye 210 mm - kunge kunyorwa kwenyaya.

Also kuitwa miedzo umo kupfura yakaitwa panguva dzakadzika pakati 9 uye 15 mamita. Panyaya iyi, kufadza siyana chombo raiva mukati 4 km.

Vachiridzira zvabuda vakabudirira zvokuti pabvunzo mushumo yataura mukana kwokushandisa yokuvanda wavanozvisunga noruoko Ngarava dzepasi pemvura German pamusoro American pamhenderekedzo.

The "Wave"

Kana basa nezvekutanga zvombo kubva Ngarava dzepasi pemvura vanofanira kufungwa zhinji zvinoriumba. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• rocketry;
• pasi pemvura shipbuilding;
• Vomurova zvombo;
• kuzvidzora kutizirako.

matambudziko aya chirongwa akave nokugamuchira bumbiro "Wave", uye muna October 1948 injiniya V. Ganin akapiwa chitupa ane muvambi wacho. It rinozivikanwa kukwanisa vomurova zvombo akasiyana nzvimbo:

• chinjikira,
• mira
• zvokunamata.

The hwaro zvombo zvose vakava nyika yokutanga operative-tactical P-11. Akanga wandei zvakanakira:

• Kuonana kwakazadza mamiriro;
• diki kwemavara;
• akashandiswa oxidizing mumiririri hurongwa hunobva nitric acid.

Zvose izvi zvakabatsira kurerutsa nokushanda zvombo zvakadaro.

Underwater kutanga, umo R-21 rakaiswa mvura chitundumuseremusere kwakaitika USSR. Yakanga iri kuma1960. Muchiitiko chino, kutange yepasi pemvura zvombo yakaitwa zvinogoneka chete pemvura dzakadzika 40 kusvika 50 mamita.

"Sineva"

It ane rakasiyana zvinhu mashandiro P-29RM, riri nani kuzivikanwa somunhu ballistic chombo "The rwebhuruu".

Anogadziriswa matambudziko akawanda:

• kosi kururamiswa pamusoro anonongedzera ose satellites;
• ndege nzira zvakachinja zvichienderana kure;
• kukwanisa pamadiro pakuudza warheads zvinangwa zvakasiyana;
• kushandiswa zvombo zviri kweArctic.

Mukana moto kubva North Pole zvakaratidzwa September 2006 chombo vatakuri "Yekaterinburg". zvinoita zvokukandwa "Sineva" raishandiswa pana kutanga-up.

Yepasi pemvura "Tula"

Pfungwa uchingoti kumberi zvombo ari Ngarava dzepasi pemvura kwave zvakazara chinozoiswa panguva yepasi pemvura yenyukireya "Tula".

To akagadzawo chombo "Sineva" (P-29 RMU2), kubva June 2000 kusvikira April 21, 2004 "Tula" akatora dzakadzama mazuvaano, izvo zvakabatsira kuwedzera namano yepasi pemvura. It kwakavandudzika zvemagetsi zvombo. Rakawedzera chikepe survivability hurongwa, zvinosanganisira yakachengeteka yenyukireya.

"Tula" rine pemvura kumhanya 24 change (44 km / hr) panguva kunonyanyisa kunyudza kudzama 650 metres. The zvionera navigation, zvinogona mazuva 90 chete vashandi 140 vanhu.

Chombo yepasi pemvura zvakare hwakasimba. Kuwedzera ballistic chombo "Sineva" (P-29 RMU2) uye 16 launchers kuti yepasi pemvura vakapakata Avangard sepombi. Uyewo vari muchikepe MANPADS "Igla-1" (9K310).

Kuti pfungwa kukura kirasi yepasi pemvura yenyukireya "Tula", muudze anogona kuitwa uye vachiri mukuru urefu (ari kugadzira waterline) - 167,4 mamita! Kureba bhora munda, semuenzaniso, 120 metres.

Mushure upgrading kuti yepasi pemvura "Tula" wasimbisa chombo kanda "Sineva" muGungwa Barents panguva huru iri Equatorial Pacific. Takunda ari 11.547? Km huru dzakanga vakabudirira rova.

Features "Sineva"

Three-Danho chombo, inoumbwa rakanamwa redunhu umo mumatanho vanosarudzirwa sequentially. Boosters "vakanyura" iri LRE Matangi gungano yaisanganisa kuroorwa umo tangi-vakagoverana hurongwa.

Kana chombo kurema 40,3 M urefu 14.8 mamita. Nokuti achinyora kutanga mugodhi PL dhayamita wakaderedzwa kusvika 1.9 m, mukanyiwa chete chikuru chikamu akaenzana 2.8 m.

Mumwe zvaidiwa chitundumuseremusere iri kwayo chikuru musoro chikamu, iyo rinoumbwa mana gumi zvinogumbura. Saka, mumwe nomumwe wavo ane nhungamiro nomumwe.

Kana zvombo zvinoshandiswa mukurwisana dzisiri zvenyukireya, musoro chikamu akashongedzerwa rurefu putika kusabatana warhead zvekupfakira, iyo inorema anenge 2 matani. Izvi hurongwa vane rakasiyana chine - mukuru-zvakarurama kuparadzwa kurwisa.

Chombo "Sineva", hunhu yatiri funga akwaniswe pamwe yenyukireya warhead ultrasmall saizi ( TNT yakaenzana matani 50). Izvi zvinobvumira kuti kushandisa zvomusejari kwevashandi imwe nzvimbo yakapiwa.

"Sighting" vachiridzira Range

Intercontinental chombo "The zvitema" zvinosanganisirwa zvombo D-9RM. Vane zvombo zvenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura 667BRDM chirongwa (NATO kupatsanura Delta-IV).

The yakaoma pachayo akatora promvooruzhenie muna 1986. Asi kubva 1996 kusvika 1999, nyaya zvombo akamira. Uye muna 1999 zviitwe rakazotanga mune modernized shanduro zvakare.

With kuvandudzika pamusoro siyana chombo "Sineva" vakapfuura zviratidzi US mugadziriro mukirasi iyi ( "Trident-2"), iro rinogona kukunda chipingamupinyi 11 zviuru makiromita. A Reserve kure asina munhu chombo munyika.

Panguva iyoyowo kwaitanga akabvuma kuti kuwanda "Sineva" ndiyo 8300? Km. Sezvo kana zvikepe dzakaitwa chombo anotangazve mutema?

Mutungamiriri wenyika Russian Navy Vladimir Vysotsky akaudzwa kuti ichi nadzurudzo zvombo vakabata zvenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura uchishanda kuhondo basa iri mumakungwa. 7 chete chombo chirongwa yakanga yaunganidzwa weRussia Navy.

"Bulava"

Intercontinental ballistic chombo "Bulava" zvinofanirwa kushongedzera kuti yepasi pemvura mhando "Northwind", iro rinowanikwa 12 chombo silos.

gadziriro iyi kwezvipimo kuita chete pasi-kwakavakirwa chombo zvivako "Topol-M". Muchiitiko chino, "Bulava" ari nharaunda yacho kutiza kunosvika 8000 km pane huremu matani 36,8 kubva zvombo. Nuclear warheads ane vakawanda warheads. Vachida kutanga kunoita pemvura kutanga kuti "enda."

Maererano ayo unhu chombo "Bulava" uye "Sineva" rakafanana chaizvo uye akasiyana chete mune mhando propulsion injini. Panguva "Bulava" Ndiye zvikukutu, uye "Sineva" - mvura. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti muchikamu chokupedzisira chokutambudzika chombo kutiza "nuija" rinoshandiswa fluidic injini, kupa mamwe mikana kuwedzera nokukurumidza uye achifambisa.

Rugare mafomu ballistic zvombo

Kutendeuka chirongwa outboard ballistic zvombo vaiva hwaro magadzirirwe vatakuri akadai "Wave" uye "Calm".

Chokwadi, vanorasikirwa mu nezvaanogona dzavo, "Union" uye "Purotoni", asi zviri kwazvo kujairana chitundumusere-musere hurukuro kupinda pasi Earth muchadenga.

zvivako izvi se "Calm" uye "Wave" zvakazivikanwa kuzivikanwa nemhaka yokuti vakasikwa pahwaro R-29R (chombo "Sineva").

Muna 1991-1993, vanoshanda mungarava dzepasi pegungwa Russian vakaitwa kunotangira matatu zvombo zvakadaro suborbital trajectory.

Chiizve zvinogona kuona? Kutendeuka mhando zvombo "Sineva" Aitondiitira mubhuku Guinness World Records sezvo uchitsanya-mail.

June 7, 1995 achibatsirwa mutakuri chitundumuseremusere R-29R aine kutaridza midziyo yesayenzi kwakatangwa ne Russian aizi kwenyukireya-dzinofambiswa "Ryazan". Mundege uye akaisa e-mail tsamba. Mushure maminitsi 20, kubhururuka 9000 km kubva Kamudzira akanga zvinobudirira kuna Kamchatka.