Chemical indasitiri munyika. Pfupiso yebhuku

Chemical indasitiri chinhu chisinganzwisisiki indasitiri iyo anosarudza pachiyero zvesayenzi uye kugadzira zvinhu mberi pamwe zvokuimba engineering, uyewo kugoverwa sectors dzose upfumi, uye zvinhu rwokugadzira.

The kwemakemikari Indasitiri zvenyika ndechimwe chikuru mapazi inorema maindasitiri, uye ane zvinhu zvekushandisa chawo musayenzi uye nokushandisa mishonga ose sectors zvose upfumi hwenyika. kwemauto ichi hwenyika basa rinokosha mukusimbisa mupomerwi kugona uye kukwanisa inobereka mauto kuramba zvinodiwa chero vanhu upenyu. Chemical indasitiri chinhu chisinganzwisisiki maindasitiri munyika, michina dzinokosha ndiyo zvemakemikari nzira kubudiswa zvinhu kana mbishi zvinhu. Kuburikidza kukura makemikari indasitiri kuoneka uye kuumba Integrated kugadzirwa ezvokutengeserana zvigadzirwa; kugadzirwa kutsiva dzinodhura mbishi zvinhu isingadhuri uye inokwanisika; zvishandiswezve nemaindasitiri; kune Integrated kushandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu. Chemical indasitiri kwenyika anoumba kunzwisisa uye multifunctional gadziriro linkages nevamwe sectors hwenyika, akadai gasi uye mafuta-achinatsa maindasitiri, pamwe marasha, nesimbi uye simbi maindasitiri, uyewo matanda chiedza. Mubatanidzwa siyana maindasitiri pamwe namakemikari dzinoita pakusikwa maindasitiri yose zvivako.

Nhamba dzinoratidza kuti makemikari indasitiri munyika yakanga mukuru zviratidzi okukura kusvikira nemakore 70s. The simba dambudziko kwenguva yakati kwakaderedza kufamba kwemashoko indasitiri, kuti vadzorere STRUCTURAL-kuchinja muitiro akatora nguva makemikari indasitiri. Pakuzadzisa makemikari indasitiri vakaratidza wakatsiga zvabuda, uye pari chete zvemagetsi indasitiri iri mberi mari inoshandiswa. Mugove maindasitiri kugadzirwa munyika dzakabudirira, makemikari indasitiri wechipiri chete zvokuimba mapurani.

Petrochemical indasitiri Russia ndiyo imwe akagadzirwa National upfumi, migodhi uye kubudiswa mafuta nezvinogadzirwa nomukaka. Maererano nenhamba, ari okupedzisira ezana remakore rechi20 petrochemical mishonga chakaita kuti kupfuura chetatu zvose zvibereko makemikari indasitiri, uye vanopfuura hafu bhuku kugadzirwa Organic zvinoriumba munyika. zvikuru avo vakanga vakaramba uye petrochemical bhizimisi kuRussia.

Chemical indasitiri ayo Chimiro yakaoma uye ine nhengo dzinopfuura 200 Sub-sectors, uye kuwanda zvigadzirwa kugadzirwa nenzira makemikari indasitiri, anouya 1.000.000. The makemikari maindasitiri kuGermany, sezvo munyika zvemakemikari indasitiri kunosanganisira Sub-sectors ari kuchera uye zvemakemikari Mazinga, chikuru makemikari uye mapurasitiki indasitiri.

Mining uye mushonga indasitiri yakabatana dzokubudisa, kubudiswa uye vapfume pamusoro phosphate, potashi, nesarufa. The chikuru makemikari indasitiri chinomirirwa kugadzirwa fetiraiza, munyu, alkalis, acids. A polymer indasitiri yakavakirwa makemikari kwetunhu uye inosanganisira kugadzirwa mapurasitiki uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti, fibers uye rabha, madhayi, etc. Chete bazi petrochemical indasitiri chinopa mutengi zvinodiwa kwenzanga uye rinoshandiswa nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi Pharmaceuticals, photochemistry, detergents, uye zvizoro anonhuwira.