"Mudyug" (aizi). Diesel-emagetsi aizi "Mudyug"

Russian romumhenderekedzo yegungwa mutsetse pamwe kweArctic Ocean iguru zvokuti nyika inoda rengarava dzinopwanya aizi. Asi dzinopwanya aizi vari kushanda kwete chete muna North. Vanoti dare gore rose, uye kuoma nechando mumakungwa nomunzizi.

Nhoroondo Russian aizi rengarava

On hwokumusoro nzizi Russia yava refu akashandisa zvikepe aizi. Yokutanga chikepe aizi yakavakwa muna Kronstadt muna 1864, uye atova pakupera XIX remakore rakanga pamutemo akasika aizi rengarava. The akakurumbira aizi "Ermak", pfungwa raiva Mutevedzeri-Admiral S. O. Makarovu uye akakurumbira musayendisiti D. I. Mendeleevu, yakavambwa pamusoro Chirungu shipyard muna 1897.

Ministry of Navy yeRussian Empire muna 1913, yakazivisa nyoro nokuda kweDzimba gumi Linear uye chiteshi dzinopwanya aizi. Munyika mutsetse aizi yokutanga "Svyatogor" yakavakwa muna 1917 ne "Sir Armstrong uye K °" chirongwa S. O. Makarova. Gare gare, akanga apiwa zita rokuti uye vakatanga kutakura zita "Krasin".

The dzinopwanya aizi Soviet okutanga rakavakwa mudzimba shipyards mumakore 1938-1941. Ice Fleet Soviet Union yaiva mumba matare, vokuBritain, German, Danish, Finnish uye Canadian kuvakwa.

The Soviet aizi rengarava kukasawedzerwa ne aizi "Lenin" nyika yokutanga yenyukireya-dzinofambiswa muna 1959, yakavakwa panguva Admiralty Shipyard.

Diesel dzinopwanya aizi nokuti Soviet Navy akavaka panguva shipyards muFinland. Zvakanga simba uye ngarava kutaipa "Moscow" uye dzinopwanya aizi kutaipa "Captain Sorokin" kukwanisa 16,2 MW akagadzirirwa yokufambisa pamuromo kweArctic nzizi uye nzvimbo ine kudzika pakadzika pa kutonhora zviri -50 ° C, uye dzinopwanya aizi kuti mhando "Mudyug". Pakazopera nhoroondo Soviet zvezvipfuwo icebreaking rengarava yaiva midziyo 36.

Mudyug chitsuwa

Munguva White Sea pedyo muromo Northern Dvina River chitsuwa zvikuru runako kuti kunokwezva vashanyi uye kunaka, mhepo yakachena uye gungwa, uye nhoroondo anotyisa. Mudyug kuna Arkhangelsk aiva inokosha kukosha, ndiye chete sezvo Kronstadt kuna St. Petersburg.

Panguva World War First uye pakutanga of Civil War paiva mumusasa wevasungwa vakasikwa zvisingaiti-of-hondo, uyo akazova vakatapwa musungwa mujeri. In kwomusasa, uye ipapo kujeri vakanga zvoutsinye ezvinhu, apo vashoma vakapukunyuka, saka Mudyug rinonzi "chitsuwa rufu."

Zvino chitsuwa ndiyo nhoroondo uye hunhu kuchengeterwa, izvo zvinosanganisira zvasara mumajeri uye mumisasa yevasungwa, achitungamirira bhikoni Cuba muna 1875 uye yechiedza yakavakwa muna 1938.

Monument kuti vakaurayiwa Kupindira hwakagadzwa pakuyeuka avo vakaurayiwa pachitsuwa muna 1928, yokutanga ibwe uye ejecha, uye muna 1958 iye chikatsiviwa girenayiti.
The Chiwi anonzi chikepe. "Mudyug" - mumwe Diesel-emagetsi aizi inokwana 7 MW, yakavakwa muna 1982.

Aizi "Mudyug"

Shanduro zita iri pamwe Finno-Ugric - "meandering rwizi". The zita, kazhinji, kunoenderana ano mudzimu ebetsero aizi.

It yakavakwa 1982 pamusoro akakurumbira Finnish shipyard "Wärtsilä" (Finnish dzinopwanya aizi dzinopaza chando panguva icebreaking rengarava nyika), uyewo mamwe dzinopwanya aizi miviri - "Dixon" uye "Magadan" - vanomutevera. Akatanga basa rake somunhu "Mudyug" kushanda muna Murmansk Shipping Company, ipapo akachinjirwa Arkhangelsk. Muna 1987, "Mudyug" akanga remade ne chirongwa Swiss. The pamberi hafu aizi rakavakwazve zvachose, uye ikozvino mhino yake fananei hofori overshoe hukuru. chikepe tangi vakava yakakura chaizvo, asi kwakaipa agility uye mhino itsva, iyo pakutanga akanga akagadzirirwa dzakaonda Ice madziva muSwitzerland, akakundikana kutadzisa gobvu chando kweArctic. Zvino ebetsero aizi akachinjirwa St. Petersburg muna North-West Bazi Rosmorport.

Zvino anozvitemera muduku chando pamusoro Fairway mu Neva Bay, uye wonamatidza mvura yakachena pashure kuti pilotage rakafara sandarara.

Features aizi

Muridzi ebetsero aizi "Mudyug" ndiye North-West Basin davi FSUE "Rosmorport", raibva kuna chengarava St. Petersburg. "Rosmorport" dare nechokwadi vakachengeteka kufamba mvura zvengarava Russian muGungwa reBaltic uye nzira maro.

Aizi inokwana 7,3 MW sitiroko hwapedyo kumhanya mumvura akazaruka 16.5 nokusunungura mapfundo. Its kureba 111,6 metres, upamhi - 22.2 metres, nekubatwa - 6.8 metres, nekukwirira - 38 mamita. Total misha aizi - 8,154 zviuru matani, ice-akafukidzwa - 115 masendimita.

Ice passability - nekugona aizi kufamba panguva zvizere injini simba hwakasimba chando, zvinoratidza aizi ngarava uye akayera kunonyanyisa Ukobvu chando, umo ngarava kunogona kuramba kufamba pane risingamboshandisi nokukurumidza.

Maererano "Rosmorport" aizi "Mudyug" mazuva makumi maviri nezvishanu vanogona kuva zvionera navigation, uye ayo nzvimbo swimming muGungwa reBaltic hakungoitwi.

kugadzwa aizi

Ebetsero aizi "Mudyug" rakagadzirirwa yakazvimirira icebreaking midziyo makuru, kureva kuisa nzira mvura yakachena, isina aizi. Sezvo karavhani urefu kunobva yakachena mvura chiteshi urefu aizi, "Mudyug" chengoro ingatakura mumidziyo wandei. Rinogonawo sorwonzi kuzvipira propelled midziyo uye zvinoyangarara ezvirevo kwete chete pamusoro chando, asi mvura yakachena. The specificity kuti "aizi", iro kwakachengetwa munhu sandara mugero, anobvumira kuti sorwonzi zvikepe refu kweva.

Its midziyo kunoita kudzima moto miti yose, kwete chete zvinoyangarara zvinhu, uye kuita basa kuti vabatsire kune midziyo kuti vari panjodzi, uye chando, uye mvura yakazaruka.

Experiment pamusoro mazuvaano echando-mudariki

Pakutanga, ice-akafukidzwa kugadziriswa kuwedzera uremu chikepe uye inogona simba rayo zvinomera. Asi wakatendeuka kubva kuti musiyano wezvinyorwa umo chando unotemwa pane imwe yorusvingo, kwete gags, sezvazvakaita tibudirire. In chimiro rinokosha iri Hull chimiro unokubvumira kusunda pamusoro mechikepe akacheka aizi pasi chando mumitsetse, achisiya aizi yakachena kanyika mvura, pane zvimedu chando, izvo kwete chikepe ose kunogona kupfuura.

West German kambani "Thyssen-Waas 'kunotaurwa anobudirira zvakaitika mazuvaano echando-mudariki" Maks Valdek "uye" Mudyug "asvika rework. Elongated mhino mugove uye zvikuru zvakavanzika pasi varo titadze chikamu mapaipi chikepe hawse uye chamuita wags kudana aizi "galosh" kana "wemhino".

Sezvo miedzo gungwa yakaitika muchirimo, chando muna Franz Josef nzvimbo Nyika yakanga isina chaizvo paukobvu, uye miedzo kupa nemazvo. Asi chando pamusoro rinoshanda pilotage dzakatanga kare kwete vaiona kuremara. Astern chando nepakumedura kufamba zvachose asingagoni, uye pamberi payo yakanga tsvikinyidza ice. Uyezve glaciologists zvakaratidza kuti ice-gore Multi pamwe hummocks achicheka hazviiti, kusiyana makore chete, iro akatema "Mudyug" nemiedzo. Aizi pakupedzisira hwakatamisirwa Sea reBaltic.

Festivals dzinopwanya aizi

Mukutanga May 2014 akabata dzinopwanya aizi mutambo. Waiitwa kuSt Petersburg, ndiye wokutanga munyika uye iri kuna sesquicentennial ari aizi rengarava Russia. Petersburg vakatora kwakafanorongwa dzinopwanya aizi. Chete zuva romutambo wokutanga akashanyirwa vanhu vanopfuura zviuru gumi. The akakurumbira Arctic aizi "Krasin" ane vapfumi umhare nhoroondo; Port aizi «Ivan Kruzenshtern", anonzi pashure guru mufambi Admiral KANA Kruzenshtern; mumwe dzinopwanya aizi matanhatu, mazita akakurumbira vakuru veSoviet "Captain Zarubin"; Modern dzinopwanya aizi vane kununura zvokushandisa moto ukabvisa pakachena mugungwa uye pakurwisana mafuta teura "Moscow" uye "St. Petersburg" - panzvimbo yakanaka yakadaro Aifanira mushandi "Mudyug" aizi nokuda pilotage ari kuoma nechando mumakungwa.

Kechipiri mutambo yakaitirwa May 2015. Akanga akazvipira kuna ake seventieth Victory uye yokubiridzira vechikamu Polar convoys panguva Second World War. Zvakare, St. Petersburg maiva achimisa ngarava dzinopwanya aizi. Kuwedzera regore rakapera vechikamu aizi "Krasin", "Ivan Kruzenshtern", "Mudyug" uye "Moscow", muchirongwa Mutambo "Nevskaya Zastava" uye "Captain Sorokin."

Future Russian aizi rengarava

Zvino yakatanga ezvinhu chirongwa kusika itsva icebreaking rengarava Russia, sezvo ngarava dzakawanda yaivapo kunyorwa kure.

Kusanganisira ichavakwa Diesel-emagetsi dzinopwanya aizi: mutsetse kushanda kweArctic, simba pamusoro miseve iri - 25 MW; Line nokuti kuoma nechando makungwa inokwana 16-18 MW; AIDS vanokwanisa 7 MW, kufanana aizi "Mudyug".

Kirasi aizi Jesu-25D unogona, kutsiva aizi "Krasin" uye "Admiral Makarov", ichipa muzhizha navhigesheni uye chokuendesa cargoes ngarava kumabvazuva, uye gore kumativi ose - kumadokero kweArctic nharaunda, pamusoro Yenisei.

Ngarava dzinopwanya aizi mhando Jesu-18D, izvo chinangwa yokutsiva midziyo "Captain Sorokin," rinogona chokufambisa kwete chete kumabvazuva kweArctic uye Far East, asiwo itsva munzvimbo vaizotibata kuFar East bheseni.
Ngarava dzinopwanya aizi kutaipa Lk-7D kuuya chete kutsiva ebetsero Diesel-emagetsi ngarava akadai "Mudyug".

itsva chizvarwa aizi runodikanwa kukura itsva zvataurwa vaiitwa East ari Kure kweArctic, uye basa zvengarava itsva uye zviteshi.