Agglutinin agglutinogen uye - ropa mapuroteni, upenyu-kuponesa

Agglutinogen - ropa mapuroteni. Akaumba maantigen kare nomwedzi wechitatu fetus kukura. Hazvina aripo ari 2, 3 uye 4 mapoka ropa. Zvinonzi anozivikanwa, maererano achangopfuura data, vanenge 236 maantigen kuti dzikarongwa muna 29 hurongwa. boka ropa Akatsunga kubva hurongwa 2 - ABO uye kusapindirana kweropa.

The Zvinoumba Ropa. Agglutinogen - chii ichi?

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, ropa chinosanganisira mvura, yeplasma uye aumba zvinhu: leukocytes, erythrocytes uye maplatelet.

Agglyutinogeny ainziwo maantigen (AG). Ivo varipo mumasero dzose muviri. kudzivirirwa kwavo kunodiwa kwose kwose. Kunyange muuropi. Maantigen vari pamusoro romukati pemvura erythrocytes. Uye agglutinogens vane mumasero dzavo chena ropa (90 siyana).

Agglutinogen - makemikari kuti unochengeta vatorwa uye majini kuona mashoko chaiwo mumwe uye kudyidzana pamwe antibodies.

By zvavo nemakemikari hunhu, akakamurwa:

• mapuroteni (kusapindirana kweropa mapuroteni Colton, et him.);
• glycoproteins (Lutheran);
• glycolipids (AVO).

Agglutinogen - a wegamma-globulin, izvo chakasvitswa achangozvarwa nhaka. Iye, pamwe yeplasma agglutinin aripo anosarudza ropa mhando, sezvo ichakurukurwa pazasi.

Mabasa agglutinogens uye agglutinins

Kana agglutinogens, ndivo chete maantigen nhaka kubva vabereki, asi agglutinins (antibodies kana antibodies) anobudiswa mugore upenyu rokutanga. It synthesizes antibodies of zvirwere, uye ivo pamwe chete antigen ravakanga vari chinangwa.

Kuti antibodies unoitirwa zvirwere mhinduro. Ivo agglutinate (nemamwe mazwi, guruu) masero microbial uye saka Vanoparadzwa. Ipapo clumps ava mutorwa masero vakafa chiito uye nyore yabudiswa. A maantigen kuvapa zvose zvakafanira mashoko. Saka agglutinogens, agglutinins ropa kunze muviri kubva nechisimba miviri yokumwe. Pasina basa runyararo ravo tipone hazviiti.

boka ropa

Kusiyaniswa kuvapo kana boka otstutstvie maantigen uye antibodies. Maantigen chaizvo. Zvisinei, chinonyanya kukosha kuti vanachiremba antigen A uye B, uyewo antibodies Arufa Beta.

A chinokosha chinoratidza ropa romunhu rwechipiri kusapindirana kweropa ropa mapuroteni, kureva. Kuvapo E. Its kana vasipo.

Saka kusiyanisa mapoka ropa; agglutinogens uye agglutinins akatorwa patsanura chete avo vari kushanda kune agglutination.

Chidzore seboka, vaite chiitiko chakadaro. Kana vaiitawo kunoitika Sera (kana kwete) maitiro agllyutinatsii. In ichi kuita, uye kugumisa.

Agglutination - maitiro umo akanamatirana pamwe chete uye richaparara antibodies uye maantigen izvo hahuenderani mumwe. Somuenzaniso, erythrocytes agglutinogens boka 2 ropa pamwe antibodies kuti Beta plasma. Kana ropa ichi kuwa antibodies Alpha, ndichazvirumbidza chokuedza yavo. Masero kufa. A Beta antibody vanowira chubhu neropa serum ane antigen B, uyewo "kanda" zvatakurukura kuita.

tsvakurudzo History

boka First ropa basa ne ABO hurongwa. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1901, apo Karl Landsteiner yakawanikwa antibodies. The kupatsanura pakati dzakabudirira Karl Landsteiner uye J. Jansky. Vakazonakidzwa kuti agglutinogen - iri PARTICIPLE, pasina kuziva unhu pazviri pasingabviri kuti mberi kuedza pamwe ropa. Uye tikaramba kushanda mirayiridzo iyi. Muna 1903, boka akasarudzwa 4.

Uye muna 1940 A. Wiener uye K. Landsteiner akawana kusapindirana kweropa chinhu. mapuroteni Izvi zvinowanikwa anenge 85% yevanhu vane chena ganda. Kana prisutstveut mapuroteni muropa riri kusapindirana kweropa yakanaka (kusapindirana kweropa +), uye kana asina kuwanikwa - kunaka (Rh-). Sezvo mapoka ropa dzinoiswa pachishandiswa izvi nehurongwa maviri.

mitemo ropa

kuisira ropa, kunyange munguva yedu, vose zvokurapa ruzivo zera redu, kune ngozi. By ropa iri kuita chete kana kurasikirwa ropa riri 25% kana kupfuura yose vhoriyamu. njodzi zhinji - nemavhairasi posttransfuziozny kuvhunduka - chinhu.

Kuedza kuwana zvikuru rakakodzera ropa, zvimwe zvinogona kukonzera ropa matambudziko. Kunyange zvinozivikanwa kuti vanhu vane 1 boka - waifarirwa anyatsoronga, asi kana bhuku ropa transfused asi guru, zviri nani kuramba boka ropa. Izvi zvinoshandawo vanhu vane boka 4, inova vanowana kuti mamwe mapoka.

boka 1 Vezvenhau chaiyo nokuti dzinonzi anyatsoronga-ichiita mabasa akawanda kuti zvaikosha ropa agglyutinogeny vasipo. Mushure agglutination nezvinoita iyi haazovanzwiri.

Kazhinji, mitemo vari nyore ropa. Asi migumisiro pre-ropa hapana anogona kutaura. Ropa zvinogona agglyutinogeny zvakavanzika, uye kuongorora kuti veroyatnst havasi kuzivisa. Ipapo murume mushure kuisirwa guru mavhoriyamu ropa afa kubva kuvhunduka. Asi boka rake vanofanira kuziva chaizvo mumwe munhu uye, chokwadi, kuti vazive pakuvapo kusapindirana kweropa mapuroteni.

Kusapindirana kweropa Factor uye Pregnancy

Kana mukadzi ane akaipa kusapindirana kweropa mapuroteni ropa, izvo zvinoreva kuti panguva pamuviri kunogona kukonzera zvinetso. The mwana pamberi mapuroteni ichi ichava vatorwa chinhu kuna muviri ramai.

Kamwe vakadzi kunyange varumbidzwa kwete kuenda varume vane kusapindirana kweropa mapuroteni. antibodies kwaAmai achaparadza fetus masero matsvuku eropa. Pashure pezvose, agglutinogen ose - ndiyo chikamu "Kurwisa mamiriro" riri masero kuti sokuti kwavari vatorwa.

Kana kunetsana tsoko zvinobvira yematambudziko:

• Hemolytic chirwere mwana;
• jaundice pakuzvarwa;
• kusvodza.

Asi, kana mukadzi ari kuti zvichengetedze uye nguva dzose kuva pasi pokudzora vanachiremba, mwana achaberekwa gwindiri.