Air senga. Mhando mhepo zvifambiso. Kukura mhepo zvifambiso

Kubvira kare, vanhu vose panyika, basa rinokosha akanzi chokufambisa. Kana dzinoitwa danho, ukoshi motokari yakura risingayereki. Pari, kuvapo chero nyika zvisingaiti kufungidzira pasina simba senga.

kufambira mberi New mune zvesainzi

The remakore rechimakumi maviri akaona transformations makuru kuti vakatora nzvimbo munyaya zvose mabasa evanhu. Zvakanga zvisiri Kunze uye mhepo zvifambiso. kukura kwayo kwakanga anosimudzirwa kukura chavagari nyika, kuwedzera uwandu consumable pfuma, urbanization, magariro, enyika uye vazhinji zvimwewo.

Zvakatora nzvimbo mune zvesayenzi uye kugadzira chimurenga kwakaita kuti zvibvire kushandura mhepo chokufambisa kwete quantitatively chete asiwo qualitatively. Zvinonzi dzimwe nguva zvose zvokurarama sangano yevanhu zvikurukuru simba hurongwa. It anoshumira inoshanda kwezvinhu mutengi-siyana matongo uye kubudirira mune zvesayenzi munda wokutanga. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, zviri kuitwa mutengi waenda zvaizoitika zvakananga.

Zvakaoma zita chero nzvimbo tsvakurudzo, vasingadi aibva kuvandudzika nzira yokufambisa. migumisiro mumuviri thermodynamic kukura inoshandiswa mberi kwavo. A zvokutora chikamu kukura chokufambisa kutora wefizikisi uye masvomhu. Zvaisanganisira kugadzirisa matambudziko makanika uye mishonga, nyanzvi uye Vanodzidza, nyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu uye nezvimwe vaongorori zhinji. Development pakufamba, kusanganisira mhepo, inobatsira kuti migumisiro vakashandisa tsvakurudzo inoitwa mumunda zvokuimba engineering simbi, STRUCTURAL hurongwa uye kushandisa michina, astronautics uye Electronics.

Kudiwa zvimwe zviitiko

In ezvinhu ano mhepo chokufambisa ndechimwe kukurumidza kuwedzera chokufambisa. The chikuru mirayiridzo okukura hwenyika uye vehurumende avhiyesheni seane rinokosha. Kukura mhepo chokufambisa nokuti nyika kunotodiwa. The chikuru chinangwa, chinodzingirirwa iyi, ndiko kuwedzera Vhoriyamu zvokufambisa kwenhumbi vakatakurwa pamusoro madaro marefu uye kumaruwa. Panguva iyoyo yakawedzera zvinodiwa mhepo senga. Inofanira kuva mutengo inoshanda uye nguva dzose, vakasununguka uye zvisina njodzi. Kubudirira pazvinangwa izvi zvinoda itsva kunyatsodzidza muminda kwesayenzi siyana, uyewo mamwe chakakomba kukura mabasa.

Kunyanya mhepo senga

Aviation - ndiye gotwe uye mukuru-nokukurumidza mutsetse, zvakagadzirirwa kuti pave nokukurukurirana Links pakati akasiyana kumatunhu. Panguva iyo bhizimisi kupfuura zvinodhura.

Russian mhepo senga - ichi chinokosha nokure reNational upfumi. Narwo akanunura mishonga uye tsamba, maindasitiri uye zvokudya zvinogadzirwa kuti zvikuru kure makona.

Zvinonzi avhiyesheni ndiye chimiro chokufambisa zvikuru wakakwana. Hazvidi migwagwa uye hakusi kutya zvakasiyana siyana nezvipingamupinyi. Zviri nokuda mhepo vanhu akagona spacewalk.

Air senga ane nhamba zvakanakira. Kutanga, zviri kumusoro. Kana izvi kubudirira diki agility mu sangano mutakurwi zvifambiso. Mukuwedzera, kwomuzuva vendege rinopa ndirovedze Flights pamusoro madaro marefu.

Chii ndege zvinoshandiswa avhiyesheni ano?

Mhando mhepo chokufambisa, izvo zvinoshandiswa National upfumi, kwete saka siyana. Mazuva ndege akashandisa ndege kuti vakanga vachipisira mienzaniso siyana ndege uye helicopters. Vose vari kushandiswa chaizvo mabasa akasiyana-siyana.

The National upfumi anopiwa basa rakawanda helicopters. Izvi ndege vanomuka mumhepo nzvimbo achishandisa kutenderera mashizha akaronga pamusoro wehunyambiri mugodhi. Helicopters akashandiswa:

- panguva kuvakwa uye kugadzwa mabasa;
- in utsanana uye zvokurapa basa;
- mune zvokurima;
- kuvakwa mapaipi;
- kubata zvichiitika dondo pamoto;
- nokuti ngoro dzamatare;
- kubatsira Geological ubanguranyika;
- senzira vachiongorora mugwagwa motokari;
- kukurukura ekunze dzemapurisa dziri dzakakwirira.

Mitoro mhepo zvekufambisa, helicopters kwakamutsa paki kwakaitirwa pfupi akareba.

Nheyo nendege achipinda nesungano pakati injini uye traction nesimba bapiro chikwidzo.

Kusiyana kushandiswa

In ndege ano zvinotevera mhando mhepo zvifambiso:

- nokuti mutakurwi senga;
- nokuti kufamba kwenhumbi;
- Magetsi (yaisanganisa):
- kudzidzisa nokurovedza;
- chinangwa chinokosha (utsanana, zvipfuwo, moto, etc.).

gradation iri rinoshandiswa zvichienderana nemauto kuti chikumbiro, uyewo pamusoro chinangwa ndege.

Musiyano hwokugadzira uye woshanda parameters

Nokuti mutakurwi mhepo chokufambisa rinoshandiswa, tsika dzakadai tichikwanisa. Nokuti zvinhu ndege yavo inokosha vachikanganisa. Nokuti mhepo senga vasanganiswa hwokugadzira uye operative parameter ndiyo kutiza siyana pasina anonunura landings, uyewo nokukurumidza. Maererano ichangobva mufananidzo uyewo musiyano nomumwe marudzi ndege. Ndege havukavu kungava nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva pane kumhanya inzwi. Panewo supersonic ndege.

utariri muviri

Transport nendege ine vanhu uye zvinhu mu Russia iri pasi rakananga kudzora mamiriro. Munyika imomo Linear mapoka utariri uye vari, rinotarisira basa indasitiri. Muchiitiko chino, mumwe kambani kubhadhara mitero pabasa mamaneja.

Huru Executive muviri iyo rinotarisira mhepo chokufambisa ndiye Federal Agency wokuRussia avhiyesheni. Its chikuru mabasa:

- urongwa mabasa kuitira ishande mhepo zvifambiso;
- the rabvuma kuti marezinesi kubvuma kubhururuka pamusoro dzakawanda uye mudzimba mitsetse;
- Certification Makambani ichipa akavhiyiwa ndege;
- kutarisira basa nemasangano rokudzidzisa pamusoro avhiyesheni indasitiri.

Aircrew

Air motokari kuzvidzora - hakusi nyore. Ndege vashandi waisanganisira vendege navigators uye kutiza Cadets pakati masangano dzidzo, izvo wakafanira basa iri pamusoro kwemamiriro vanachiremba basa, uye anogona kutakura mabasa avo.

Nhengo imwe neimwe vashandi panguva ndege vanosungirwa mirawo kutevedza mirayiridzo dzinopiwa kutiza chidhiraivho. Kuti tsaukai nzira zvinogoneka chete kana kuchengeteka kutyisidzira uye upenyu hwevanhu vari muchikepe ndege.

Navigators uye vatyairi zvinofanira rakapa approvals:

- chokurovedza kutiza, izvo kunze masikati kana usiku;
- kubhururuka itsva nadzurudzo of ndege;
- kune chaidzo ndege.

Muchiitiko chino, tolerances zvose zvinofanira akapinda mune logbook. Pasinei chinzvimbo, imwe neimwe vashandi nhengo iri aifanira kuva cheki wepagore pamusoro-siyana kutiza kudzidziswa. Panyaya iyi, migumisiro anofanirawo akapinda mune logbook.

Kune vamwe mitemo nokutandara rikarira achibhururutsa ndege. Saka, zuva iri mumhepo kunogona kwete kupfuura maawa gumi. mutemo kwakadaro wakaisirwa mhepo zvikwata zviri airliners. neherikoputa zvokuchenesa waifanira daily vapedza maora anopfuura masere.

chengetedzo

matanho All kuitira kuti ndege vaisafananidzira ngozi nokuda mhepo chokufambisa kutakura kuti kutorwa. Nezvenyaya iyi, Federal Air Transport Agency rakatangwa kurambidza muchivarera mvura mundege. Zvinoshandawo dzendege zvose munyika.

Management pamusoro Air Transport - Russian Aviation - anoti dambudziko ugandanga pamusoro mhepo chokufambisa haisi kugadziriswa. Nezvokumutswa izvi masangano ose nechokuita vehurumende avhiyesheni, uyewo dzendege vose nechinangwa Directive, zvichiratidza kudiwa ezvidzidzo zvose ndege hazvikuvadzi zviyero. Maererano gwaro rino, mufambi anekodzero kutakura muruoko rwako mukwende chero mvura mhando. Kurambidza Izvi zvinoshandawo utsanana. Vanofanira kuva mumaoko mu mukwende kuti zvazvakaipira nokushandisa unyanzvi zvokushandisa kuongorora. Chete pashure kuti mvura anogona kuiswa mundege imwe ndege.

In Kana apo mufambi munguva kutiza, unofanira kuva nhaka zvinodhaka, vanogona kutakurwa sechikamu kabhini mukwende chete pashure aongorora kuchengeteka basa yendege.

Kwakadaro matanho vakatakurwa vanofanira kubata kunzwisisa, nekuti zvinonzverwa akatorwa nechokwadi kuchengeteka kutiza.