Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky: Biography, okugadzira zvinhu

Musoro mukuru okugadzira zvinhu wevanyori akava Great Patriotic War. A gamba-musoja Vasily Terkin yaakasika aiva kukurumbira huru yakadai, tinogona kutaura kuti rakapfuura muvambi. The upenyu uye basa munyori Soviet inoshamisa isu munyaya ino.

Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky: Biography

Nzvimbo yechizvarirwo Nyanduri iri rekare manyorerwo 8 June (June 21 - chitsva) muna 1910 mumusha Zagorje, iri mupurovhinzi Smolensk. baba vake, Trifon Gordeevich, aiva mhizha, uye mai vake, Maria Mitrofanovna anga akaita mhuri smallholders (varimi, aigara kumucheto Russia uye aifanira kurinda nemiganhu yayo).

baba vake, pasinei ake murimi mudiki kwakatangira, aiva kuverenga murume uye aida kuverenga. Mumba vakadzingwa kunyange mabhuku. Kukwanisa kuverenga uye amai munyori nezveramangwana.

At Alexander muduku Ivan munin'ina, akaberekwa muna 1914, uyo akazova munyori.

udiki

Kokutanga mabasa Classics Russian weimba akasangana Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky. Brief Biography kumunyori rinotitaurira kuti mhuri Twardowski yaiva tsika - manheru yechando, mumwe kubva vabereki zvinonzwika Gogol, Lermontov, Pushkin. Rakanga akabva awana rudo Twardowski mabhuku uye kunyange akatanga kunyora ndima yokutanga, asi kwete chaizvoizvo kudzidza kunyora nounyanzvi.

Alexander akadzidza chikoro duku yokumaruwa, uye muna gumi nemana akatanga kutumira mapepanhau kuti Bhuku manotsi duku, vamwe vavo kunyange akadhindwa. Nokukurumidza Twardowski akamboda kutumira uye nhetembo. Mupepeti of wepepanhau "Basa Gwara" kutanga inotsigira mudetembi muduku, uye munzira dzakawanda kwakamubatsira kukunda ake dzinongoitika kunyara uye akatanga kuparidza.

Smolensk-Moscow

Ndapedza chikoro akatamira Smolensk Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky (Biography uye mabasa vari munyaya iyi). Pano munyori ramangwana vaida kana kuramba achidzidza kana kuwana basa, asi kana mumwe kana mumwe zvaigona kuitwa - zvaida ari muduku dzakagadzirirwa zvimwe mhando, izvo haana.

Twardowski akararama masendi kuti vakauya chinji mabhuku zvakaoma, nokuti wakange kuti vadzivise zvikumbaridzo shanduro. Kamwe ari muguta guru, "October" magazini nhetembo Nyanduri dzakabudiswa, akaenda kuna kuMoscow, asi pano haisi nemhanza vakanyemwerera. Somugumisiro, muna 1930, Twardowski akamanikidzwa kudzokera Smolensk, uko akapedza akatevera makore matanhatu oupenyu hwake. Panguva ino akanga ava kukwanisa kupinda Pedagogical Institute, usina yapera, uye zvakare akaenda kuMoscow, uko muna 1936 akanga akabvuma kuna MIFLI.

Mumakore aya, Twardowski yava achishingaira akadhindwa, uye muna 1936 akabudisa nhetembo "Nyika Masvosve", kuna collectivization kuti iye arumbidzwe. rakasvika muunganidzwa nhetembo Tvardovsky "Rural Chronicle" yokutanga muna 1939.

makore hondo

Muna 1939 iye akanzi kupinda Red Army Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky. Biography of munyori panguva ino zvakachinja payakakurudzirwa - ndiye ari pakati remapazi zvechiuto kumadokero Belarus. "Red Army" Kubvira muna 1941, Twardowski vakashanda pepanhau Voronezh.

Nguva iyi kunoratidzwa maruva kuti okugadzira zvinhu kumunyori. Kunze rinozivikanwa nhetembo "Vasily Terkin" Twardowski pave "Frontline Chronicle" kutenderera nhetembo uye anotanga basa akakurumbira nhetembo "Road House", yakapedzwa muna 1946.

"Vasily Terkin"

Biography Tvardovskogo Aleksandra Trifonovicha rakazara siyana nokubudirira zvakasikwa, asi chinonyanya wavo kunyora nhetembo "Vasily Terkin". A basa zvakanyorwa yose Second World War, ndiko kuti, kubvira muna 1941 kusvika 1945. Akabudisa-putsa duku mumapepanhau echiuto, nokudaro kumutsa morale wehondo eSoviet.

Basa kunoratidzwa chaiwo, zvakajeka uye zviri nyore manyorerwo, kukurumidza kukura nezviito. Mumwe Chiitiko detembo chokuita mumwe nzira bedzi protagonist. Twardowski pachake akati zvakanga zvakafanira kuti iye vaverengi ake anogona kurasika chero nguva, saka nyaya imwe neimwe inofanira kuvakwa chete nyaya yacho pepanhau, rave chokugutsikana.

Nyaya iyi akaita Twardowski chitendero munyori munguva yehondo. Mukuwedzera, mudetembi akanga paakavapa basa sezvakarayirwa Patriotic War, 1 ST uye 2 nd it dhigirii.

Post-hondo basa

Inoramba mabhuku basa pashure pehondo, Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky. Biography Nyanduri iri nechimwe kunyora detembo itsva "Nokuti kure - kure", zvakanyorwa mune nguva kubva 1950 kusvika muna 1960.

Kubva muna 1967 kusvika muna 1969, mumwe munyori kushanda ane autobiographical basa "Human ndangariro." Nhetembo anoudza chokwadi pamusoro njodzi baba vake Twardowski, uyo akava nedambudziko collectivization uye akasungwa. basa iri rave hazvitenderwi kuti bhuku kusenza uye muverengi akakwanisa kusangana naye chete muna 1987. Kunyora detembo iri zvakakomba vakapamba Twardowski ukama vakuru veSoviet.

Rich zvakaitika uye prosaic Biography Tvardovskogo Aleksandra Trifonovicha. Unonyanya kukosha, Chokwadi, rakanyorwa chedetembo, asi yakabudiswa anthologies wandei prose nyaya. Somuenzaniso, muna 1947, akauya knika "Kumusha uye nyika", yakatsaurirwa kuna Great Patriotic War.

"World New"

Usakanganwa pamusoro journalistic basa munyori. Kwemakore akawanda akashanda se mukuru mupepeti mukuru mabhuku magazini "New World" Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky. The Biography iri nguva izere zvose zvemarudzi kwemotokari pamwe chepamutemo kusenza - saka unofanira kudzivirira kodzero kubudisa vazhinji matarenda vanyori. Nokuda kushingaira Twardowski aidhindwa chigadzirwa Solzhenitsyn Zalygin, Akhmatova Troepol'skaya, Molsaeva, Bunin and said.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, magazini yakava kushora chakakomba kuti hurumende yeSoviet. It yakadhindwa vakanyora sixties uye akaratidza Anti-Stalin pfungwa pachena. Real kukunda Twardowski akanga mvumo kuti bhuku nyaya Solzhenitsyn vake.

Zvisinei, pashure kubviswa Khrushchev kwakaita shanduro "World Itsva" akatanga angatidzvinyirira simba. Ndokuguma kumusoro kuti Twardowski akamanikidzwa kusiya nzvimbo mukuru mupepeti muna 1970.

Last makore uye rufu

Runouya kuguma pakati Biography. Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky, ane rufu yomusi December 18, 1971 gore, nekenza yemapapu. The munyori akafa mutaundi Red Pakhra, riri munzvimbo Moscow mudunhu. muviri emunyori akavigwa Novodevichy kumakuva.

Aleksandr Tvardovsky akararama akapfuma uye zvinonakidza upenyu uye akasiya mabhuku nhaka agromnoe. Vazhinji mabasa ake akanga dziri chikoro kwakarongwa, uye vanoramba nevakawanda nhasi.