A. S. Pushkin, "The Bronze webhiza": nhoroondo pakusikwa nhetembo

Nhetembo "The Bronze webhiza" - ndechimwe nyanyisa zvikuru, inoshamisa uye kunzwisisa nhetembo pakati Pushkin. Akanyora mumatsutso 1833 mu yakakurumbira Boldin. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo uye nguva akapa inoshamisa rakafuridzirwa Aleksandru Sergeevichu. Pfungwa "The Bronze webhiza" by Pushkin pachena inonyatsoratidza mabasa evanyori vaigara zvikuru gare gare, uye chose chisikwa zvavo pakutanga, musoro St. Petersburg, uye chepiri nyaya kudhumhana guru roumambo pfungwa uye zvido "murume muduku." Munguva detembo pane vaviri rinopikisa gamba uye kunetsana vasingawirirani pakati pavo.

"The Bronze webhiza": nhoroondo pakusikwa nhetembo

On the detembo, Pushkin akashanda nesimba uye akaipedza nokukurumidza - mumazuva chete-maviri mashanu October. Munguva iyi okugadzira zvinhu Alexander vakamboshanda pamusoro zvibereko "Mambokadzi nefoshoro," akanyora ari prose uye ndima iyi "Angelo". Izvi organically hwakanaka uye zvinoshamisa "The Bronze webhiza", nyaya kwezvisikwa hunonyatsobatana kwete musoro mafungiro rinotaura paraiitwa, asi chete mungano anenge otaurwa munhu mukuru uye guta, zvinokonzerwa hwake hunopfuura kuda.

Kusenza uye gakava wakakomberedza nhetembo

"Petersburg nyaya", sezvo munyori wakateerera Genre wayo, akaongororwa Kesari Nicholas I, uyo akadzoka zvinyorwa pamwe pfumbamwe penzura nyora. Kunetseka Nyanduri rakabudisa mashoko musumo kuti nhetembo "The Bronze webhiza" (nhoroondo enhetembo nyaya pakukurirwa chokwadi ichi) pamwe zvinonwisa mvura maturo panzvimbo chamber mavanga. Gare gare, Pushkin achiri rewrote nzvimbo idzi, asi kuti zvinoreva midzi mavari haana kuchinja. Nyongoroka, mambo akabvumira racho nhetembo "The Bronze webhiza". Nhoroondo chigadzirwa Rinobatanidzwa rinopisa gakava kwakamuka kumativi detembo namarudzi issuance.

The pfungwa mabhuku

Kusawirirana handiregi nhasi. Setsika, kutaura pamusoro mapoka matatu vanodudzira detembo. Boka rokutanga rinosanganisira vanotsvakurudza vanoti "paruzhinji" rutivi, iyo inopenya nhetembo "The Bronze webhiza". Ichi boka mabhuku vatsoropodzi, akatungamirirwa Vissarion Belinsky akaisa mberi shanduro nhetembo Pushkin kwakaratidza dzinouraya kuti kodzero aite zvenyika yacho, vachibayira zvido uye upenyu pachahwo nyore unobtrusive murume.

humanistic dudziro

Vamiririri rimwe boka, akatungamirirwa mudetembi Valeriem Bryusovym purofesa Makagonenko nevamwe vanyori, mativi zvizere mumwe hunhu - Eugene, vachiti kufa kunyange zviduku chaizvo panyaya yevanhu pfungwa simba hazvigoni takarurama nokubudirira kukuru. maonero aya anonzi humanistic. mabhuku vatsoropodzi vakawanda vanowanzoda chaizvo nezvemabatiro yokufungidzira "The Bronze webhiza", nyaya nhetembo, zvarongwa waiisa pachake dambudziko munhu "muduku" kutambura migumisiro nesarudzo sarudzo simba chisimbiso.

husingaperi kunetsana

Vamiririri boka nevatsvakurudzi rechitatu Airatidza maitiro pamusoro unosuruvarisa undecidability uku. Vanodavira kuti Pushkin akapa chinangwa mufananidzo nyaya mu "The Bronze webhiza". Asi nhoroondo pacharo akatonga kupokana kusingaperi pakati "ari muvaki nechishamiso" by Peter Mukuru uye "murombo" Eugene - vanhuwo guta anogara pamwe mwero zvinodiwa ayo uye zviroto. Two chokwadi - vanhuwo murume uye yokutungamirira - vane vakaenzana, uye hapana muduku kuna vamwe.

The zvinotyisa Zviitiko nhetembo "The Bronze webhiza"

Nhoroondo nhetembo, Chokwadi, zvakasimba zvinoenderana tsika uye nhoroondo akapoteredza nguva apo akanga zvakasikwa. Ndiyo yaiva nguva nharo pamusoro nzvimbo munhu munhau uye kuchinja kuchinja kukuru zvichaitirwa vanhuwo zvavo. dingindira iri dzinoitirwa Pushkin pakupera 1820 wacho. Kutora vhidhiyo uchapupu mafashamo yakaitika St. Petersburg November 7, 1824, chimwe akadhindwa pepanhau, mudetembi wakachenjeera uye anofunga anouya makuru evanhu nouzivi kunanga. Unhu guru uye Pazvinhu muvandudzi Petro kuti "kuisa Russia pamakumbo ayo hadzi," rinowanikwa akapoteredza pachake dambudziko zvishoma mukuru Eugene yayo yakatetepa zviduku-Bourgeois vanorota shoma upfumi hwake, kwete zvinonyatsoteerera guru uye akakodzera kushevedzera. Naizvozvo Nhetembo "The Bronze webhiza" by Pushkin uye haagarimo kurumbidza odic nemotokari, svinudzai "hwindo kuna Europe".

siyanisa Petersburg

Northern Capital akasimuka nokuda pemhondi zvasarudzwa chevaux Peter Mukuru pashure kukunda kwake pamusoro yeSweden. Chawo akaitirwa vave kukunda iyi, kuratidza simba uye simba Russia, uye kuzarura nzira kusunungura tsika uye kutengeserana exchange nyika dzokuEurope. The guta iro vakanzwa ukuru dzevanhu mweya, richiratidzwa ari kunyatsoteerera uye rinopindirana mapurani chitarisiko, kutaura dzokufananidzira zvivezwa uye pazvivako, chinopiwa kwatiri munyaya "The Bronze webhiza." History of St. Petersburg ichiwanikwa, zvisinei, kwete chete pane ukuru. Makavakwa pamusoro "doro blat", iro akateya mapfupa zviuru kusazivikanwa vavaki, guta achivharwa imwe kwakavanzika uye chinoshamisa mhepo. Hunodzvinyirira urombo, mukuru hunofa rates, ndiro rine chokwadi chirwere uye nhamba yokuzviuraya - ari mhiri zvakasvibirira korona guru panguva yaakanyora pamusoro Alexander Pushkin. Two zviso muguta, hunobuda kuburikidza vakataurirana, kusimbisa rengano chezvinonhuwira kuti nhetembo. "Transparent yorubvunzavaeni" akacheneruka madhorobha chiedza anosika vagari kunzwa kuti vanorarama emarudzi chokusaroora uye dzokufananidzira nzvimbo, iyo inogona kuuya upenyu, uye ane kwakavanzika kutsunga kuita kuti zvivako uye mifananidzo. Uye ichi, zvakare, kuti pamwero mukuru kunosanganisira nhau "The Bronze webhiza." Pushkin, sezvo mudetembi, kugona kuchengeta kusanduka kwakadaro, razova ndopakaperawo pebindu. In unyanzvi mhango nzvimbo yokufungidzira dzinojata mugwagwa musango mupenyu chando chidhori yendarira anodzingirira vavhiringidzika mushure kurasikirwa mudiwa uye richaparara tarisiro zvose Eugene.

kupinda zano

Asi isu asati vanonzwa kubvunda pasi pasi nemahwanda resimbi bhiza, tinofanira kuenda kuburikidza akasuruvara uye chisimba zvakaitika ari anotambudzika Yevgeny upenyu kuti mhosva vavaki zvikuru kuti akaisa guta panyika asingatani kunoparadza mafashamo, uyewo pakuziva rakajeka uye mukuru napamukova, anovhura nhetembo "The Bronze webhiza".

Petro akanga akamira pamhenderekedzo rwizi yomusango, iro mafungu kuzunungusa chikepe kusimba, uye kumativi ruzha gobvu kwakakwidibira dondo, kumwe omerera kunosiririsa kari "Chukhontsev". Asi ziso nepfungwa yacho, muvambi kuchamhembe guru kare anoona "guta inoshamisa", unobviswa "nokudada" uye "zvikuru" pamusoro-vakapfeka girenayiti Neva River, guta chokuita neramangwana pachena nekubudirira uye zvayakawana zvikuru. Pushkin haatauri zita Peter - mambo anotaurwa nokushandisa zvisazitasingwi "iye", uye rinosimbisa unoreva zvakawanda odic kupinda mamiriro. In kufunga rimwe zuva sei "kubva pano" Russia achaita "angavhundutsira Swede," mutungamiriri mukuru haaoni nhasi, "kuFinnish angler" akakanda mvura "wekare" mambure okukukudzisa yavo. The Emperor anotanga kuona ramangwana apo motokari dziri kutungamirirwa vapfumi marinas kumakona ose enyika, asi haana kucherechedza munhu swims nenzira isina neinjini uye inondikurira mu zvisingawanzoitiki zvirindo pamahombekombe. Kutanga mutongi wehurumende kanganwa pamusoro avo vanoirima, ndiyo zvakasikwa. Uye zvinorwadza musiyano zvinogara pfungwa yacho nhetembo "The Bronze webhiza". Pushkin, nhoroondo yaiva kwete muunganidzwa magwaro zvakachengetedzwa, asi bhiriji, kukandwa mune chipo uye ramangwana, kunyanya ainzwa uye chaizvo hunobudisa kunetsana.

Sei yendarira mutasvi yakabuda mumuromo nyanduri mhangura?

The pfungwa Chokwadi, kwete chete pakuti vanyori remakore rechi19 vasina kuona chinokosha kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro musiyano pakati dzendarira mhangura. Zviri yokufananidzira kuti ichi ndicho Bronze webhiza. Nhoroondo achinyora nhetembo iyi nyaya merges pamwe zvebhaibheri zvinofananidzira. Hapana tsaona saka zviri chidhori Petro "chidhori" uye "chifananidzo" - zvakangofanana nemashoko vanoti vanyori veBhaibheri, ichirondedzera ari mhuru yendarama, izvo, panzvimbo Mwari mupenyu vainamata nevaJudha. Pano, chifananidzo kunyange ndarama, asi chete nendarira - saka munyori kunoderedza nokupenya uye kubwinya mufananidzo, nomunondo unopenya rokunze vakapfeka hwokusanyara, asi hwakazarawo mukati hakusi zvinokosha kugutsikana. Ndizvo subtexts anofema nhoroondo "The Bronze webhiza."

Pushkin rirege vaifungidzirwa tsitsi kusiko changamire pfungwa. Chinoreva zvakawanda, zvisinei, uye ukama kwayo kune vemungano idyl kuvakwa muna Eugene zviroto. Tariro uye urongwa "murume muduku" vari kure pakadzika pakunamata kutsvaka, umo Pushkin akaona zvavaisakwanisa.

Mugumo rangano uye denouement

Mushure inking mukova uye kuzivisa rudo muguta Pushkin anonyevera kuti zvakawanda ichakurukurwa pamusoro zviitiko, "dzinotyisa." A Makore zana pashure chiitiko pamhenderekedzo muGulf of Finland Petersburg mukuru Eugene akadzokera kumba pashure basa, uye hope dzake Nomusikana Parasha. With naro, haana kuenda kuona, nokuti, kufanana imba yake mwero, achaita "frenzied" mvura "mupopoti" Neva. Kana chinhu vanyarare, Eugene achakanda kundotsvaka wake anodiwa, uye iva nechokwadi chokuti munhu haasisiri mupenyu. pfungwa dzake hadzigoni kukunda matambudziko, uye jaya iri kuenda kupenga. Unofamba-famba ari nepriyutnomu guta inova kupfura chinoshorwa vana vemo, anokanganwa kumba. Mumatambudziko avo Eugene blames Peter vozvedshego guta panzvimbo isiri iyo, uye pakudaro akafumura vanhu aurayiwe. Vapererwa, rimwe benzi vanotyisidzira yendarira yechifananidzo: "Uzho iwe .." Pashure hana zvomoto anonzwa inorema uye sonorous "skakane" riri cobblestones uye anoona iye muchimhanya vatasvi akavhura ruoko. Kwapera nguva, Eugene akawana akafa pamberi peimba yake uye akavigwa. Saka anopedzisa Nhetembo.

Chinhu sechinhu dzakazara gamba

Rei iri kuridzwa pano nokuda chinhu, iri yakazvimirira munhu achava uye anogona kuparadza zvose pasi? Vanotsvakurudza vanotenda nyaya kuti kuparadzanise vanhu, izvozvo richibatanidza nguva zvimwe dimikira causal cheni. Chine vaviri zvarongwa nyaya - vavatorwa uye mudzimba - uye symbolical chiitiko. A kunetsana ichifarirwa sokuti kumutsa nesimba okunze, izvo zviri kwokunze tichitarisa nomugumo anoparadza uye kunodzivisa mufaro murume. Resolution uku iri chokwadi kuti musiyano uri pakati nesimba guru mazano uye inosvika unhu nevakariri murume mumudzimu kukurirwa, izvozvo akavharwa. Ndivo matambudziko mabasa Pushkin kuti "The Bronze webhiza", nyaya pakusikwa nhetembo uye mavambo usingaonekwi akatevedzana "St. Petersburg" nyaya enganonyorwa zvichaita satiate ari creators wokuRussia mabhuku navapfumbamwe uye emakore maviri.

Detembo uye shongwe

Huro shongwe Peter Mukuru ari weSeneti Square mu St Petersburg kwakaitika mukupera muzhizha 1782. Monument, anoyevedza nyasha uye ukuru, akanga kufanorongwa Catherine II. On paakasika munhu Equestrian chifananidzo vakashanda muvezi French Coleen Falkone, Marie-Ann Kollo uye tenzi Russian Fyodor Gordeyev sculpted nyoka yendarira pasi pokutsamwa bhiza akaparadzana Petrova. Mujinga pechifananidzo akagadzawo monolith, akadana kutinhira-ibwe, pakurema kwayo kwakanga Pasati maviri nehafu matani (Monument yose hunorema about 22 matani). On panzvimbo mukanyiwa yakawanikwa uye vakawana kuti akakodzera shongwe, dombo nokungwarira boka inenge mwedzi mina.

Pashure racho munhetembo Aleksandra Pushkina, gamba iyo mudetembi aita shongwe ichi, mumwe chivezwa ainzi yendarira mutasvi chaizvo. Vagari uye vakokwa St. Petersburg guru mukana kuona shongwe iyi, izvo zvinogona pasina kupamhidzira kunzi chiratidzo muguta, anenge node Architectural ensemble.