Kutuzov: mufananidzo yokufungidzira "Hondo uye Rugare". Zvinoitwa Kutuzov

LN NdiTolstoy aiva nechokwadi chokuti kare haagoni kutarisira kuroora munhu, zvisinei rakaisvonaka sei zvakaita. Maererano naye, njodzi mamiriro, kunyange nguva ivepo yakaomesesa kwave kugadziriswa nevanhu.

Izvi zvinoratidzwa mufananidzo mukuru, ane utungamiri pasi nehondo Russian akakwanisa kuhwina wakakwana kukunda pamusoro French muna 1812. Mikhail Kutuzov muna NdiTolstoy - nzwisa mutakuri chomudzimu uye kuda yose vanhu. Nemhaka tarenda emauto nzira, kuda uye kukwanisa kudzivirira pfungwa dzavo, sababa mafungiro varwi, akakunda rudo uye ruremekedzo wehondo Russian.

nhoroondo mashoko

Golenischev-Kutuzov Kutuzov, 1745 kubereka, aiva uto chikoro chakanaka, apo akashanda achitungamirirwa PA Rumyantsev uye Suvorov nokukurumidza pakukwirira ake rinotanga hondo kwemakore 1864-78 Russian-wokuTurkey.

Kutanga mubatsiri kuti Prince Holstein-bek muna 1861, makore 30 gare gare, akagamuchira chinzvimbo zvavo. Mikhail Kutuzov yakagamuchirwa zvakanaka mumuzinda wamambo pasi Catherine II uye Paul I, kakawanda ndikakunda pamusoro mibayiro weuto voumhare.

Vakauya simba , Alexander I muna 1802, pakutanga akamugadza gavhuna zvechiuto uye kuronga vehurumende nyaya iri mumatunhu maviri, asi gore papera acharega. Utsinye hukama pakati Kesari itsva uye Kutuzov akagara panzvimbo kusvikira ekupedzisira afa muna 1813. Pasinei neizvi, muna 1805, Kutuzov akagadzwa mukuru mumwe wemauto Russian, akatuma kuAustria muzhizha 1812 panguva kuomerera pane kwamachinda - mutungamiri ose ehondo Russian uye anopamba.

"Hondo uye Rugare": rondedzero iri yokufungidzira Kutuzov

Kokutanga muverengi anoona hunhu panguva kudzokorora muna Braunau. Against pakanyorwa yeAustria General, akapfeka chena yunifomu, Kutuzov, izvozvo clumps uye zvaiita varege kuona strung pamberi pake chehondo kwainyanya asingadi mukuru mukuru, uye vanhuwo murume.

Munyori kakawanda rinosimbisa kunyemwerera, kutsvedza yake vaonekwe chiso ronda, kana akataura nemasoja. Ndiwo hunhu Kutuzov rokutanga.

"Hondo uye Rugare" zvinosanganisira zvakawanda zvikamu compositionally kukosha, imwe mutambi ari mutungamiri, uye iye anogara chaivo. Chiso chake chakanga enlivened ari rudo achinyemwerera, ipapo ashore. Haana kuzeza pamusoro anokwira zvakaoma bhiza kana otanga dóže kure munguva kanzuru rechiuto. Haana kuvanda panonyatsoonekwa wose, anogona misodzi mumaziso kana kuratidza kurukutika. Kunyange huku panguva yokudya nguva achidya kana nokuedza. Muchiitiko chino, inoratidza akachenjera, akadzikama uye nepfungwa basa nokuti nyika uye vanhu vose pamusoro yokufungidzira "Hondo uye Rugare". Anotora Kutuzov - rimwe mashoko anokosha kuti zvinobatsira kuti kumiririrwa pamusoro uyu. "Nhamo nokuda kwepasi, umo pasi, Vakuru uye kumatare, kwete mitemo vagari nemabasa!" - ichi uye vamwe mashoko anotigonesa kunzwisisa ake yomukati yezvavaidavira uye kutsanangura zvimwe zvinhu.

Review muna Braunau

Chinangwa chikuru chemusha kutsvakwa mukuru, kuronga rokuongorora, - kuratidza sei mauto Russian haisi kukwanisa panguva ino kuti abatane hondo.

Pamupikicha ichi, hazvigoni kwaunoita mafungiro Kutuzov varwi. Akanyatsoongorora anotarisa zvipfeko zvavo, kunyanya shangu, uye, vachidzungudza musoro wake, rinojekesa kuti yeAustria wemauto, sei zvose zvakaipa. With vainyatsotarisirwa Kutuzov varwi vaiziva ari Turkish rutsigiro, uye kuna Timohin anotaura nezita uye anoyeuka noumhare ake panguva kubatwa vaIshimaeri. Kwete weuto, uye nyatsoteerera maneja - ndizvo chaizvo munguva ongororo Kutuzov.

The mufananidzo iri yokufungidzira "Hondo uye Rugare" nemutungamiriri munyika chigadzirwa dzinosiyana zvishoma. Saka tichamuona muhondo Borodino kana panowanikwa Smolensk.

hondo Austerlitz

Akatevera kukosha yechiitiko kuti kunzwisisa hunhu gamba - kanzuru vehondo vakauya vose vemauto kunze Bagration. Uyai Kutuzov, uyo pakutanga wake wose chitarisiko akaratidza kusagutsikana nezvinhu zviri kuitika, uye ipapo nyore nehope. Izvi hazvisi nyore hanya uye irresponsibility. Hondo iri achakundikana, uye hapana "shasha" zvirongwa havazogari kubatsira - ichi chaiva chokwadi chizere ane ruzivo mukuru Kutuzov mufananidzo iri yokufungidzira "Hondo uye Rugare" inova nguva dzose nyaya ruremekedzo nokuyemurwa.

Haaiti kupikisana mambo. Alexander Ndakasvika mangwanani nenguva yemberi nzvimbo yehondo, chivimbo kukasaitwa kukunda. Aifunga akakwanisa kupfuura kumativi ose uye Kutuzov mwoyo chete akadzokera kubva marwadzo uye kunzwisisa kuti rufu varwi vazhinji vachava maturo. Vanosungirwa kuita kuda wamambo, anopa kuti kurwisa. Uye zvakazoitika - kukodzera shure, aisagona akamira, - akakatyamadza kunyange vakagadzirira kukunda mukuru.

Hondo Borodino

Panguva yairwirwa hondo nekuda nyika mukuru mukuru wehondo yose Russian mauto Kutuzov ndiko, mufananidzo iri yokufungidzira "Hondo uye Rugare" izvo zviri iyi haisi kukwana kunoenderana pfungwa sei kuva mutungamiri chaiyo muchiuto. Kunenge kuti akanga akarurama anotarira uye anoita chinhu chakakura. Chokwadi hachisi. Munyori akaratidza mafungiro ake nomufambiro Mihaila Illarionovicha kuburikidza nepfungwa yezviito zvake Andrey Bolkonsky. Ndizvo muchinda anofunga hwokuwa rokurwa "Iye [Kutuzov] haana kukwira chinhu, musatora chinhu, asi iye achateerera, nekurangarira zvose, akaisa zvose panzvimbo yayo, hapana zvinobatsira haakuvadzi uye haana kubvumira anokuvadza. Anoziva kuti pane chinhu chikuru zvaanoda ... "Kuti chinhu waiva morale Varwi vanosarudza migumisiro kurwa. Zvechokwadi, rugare rwepfungwa Kutuzov pakarepo zvaitambidzwa mapurisa nemasoja. Nekuti seakanaka maonero kuti hondo Borodino uto Russian vakakunda tsika akunde French, yakanga yakakwana vakasarudza zvaitika Hondo Yenyika II.

Council muna Fili

Chinokosha kunzwisisa hunhu Kutuzov akatanga manheru pashure hondo Borodino. Council muna Fili anoratidzwa kuburikidza maziso kasikana akanga asingakwanisi kunzwisisa zvaiitika mumba. Asi iye pakarepo achiona Mihaila Illarionovicha, uyo akanyatsoti kunzi Sekuru. Aida chaizvo kuti nharo naye hachifadzi Bennigsen iye okunda.

Mubvunzo chaiwo kugadzirisa zvakakomba: kupa hondo Napoleon kana kuti kusiya Moscow. Vakawanda vakaungana vemauto vakanzwisisa kuti hondo itsva okugadzirisa yose hondo Russian chisingadzivisiki rufu, asi Kutuzov akawana ushingi kunangana Bennigsen uye tora mutoro chisarudzo pacharo: "... Ndine ... simba, akandipa mambo uye yababa, I - I arayire shure. " He, Russian zvechokwadi munhu, mugwagwa wakanga "chakavanzika guta rekare Moscow", asi kana vakapindira hondo yose uye nyika, akafunga chibayiro ichi anoruramiswa.

Kutuzov nzvimbo nezvimwe nhoroondo yokufungidzira masangano

Epic nganonyorwa - hombe-pamwero mufananidzo woupenyu Russian pamusoro kwenguva yakareba. Nyaya vanokudzwa vanokudzwa mhuri nhatu, ushe Alexander I , uye aizivikanwa zvose Speransky kwakachena, Russia mune hondo Napoleon muna Eastern Europe uye Patriotic Hondo 1812 gore - zviitiko izvi zvinotiratidza mubasa rake NdiTolstoy. "Hondo uye Rugare" - zvirokwazvo mumwe mukuru mabasa ari Russian uye nyika tsika.

Asi ose evanhu chete Kutuzov nguva dzose uye kwose kwose rinomutsa tsitsi uye akabvumirwa nemunyori. Izvi haisi tsaona. Kana Alexander I, Napoleon nemamwe vemauto vari pakutanga kufunga kukudzwa uye simba, Mikhail Kutuzov pakutanga anoisa zvakanaka pamusoro Motherland. Pashure kanzuru pana Fili aifunga pamarwadzo naye nesimba: "Apo ... vakasarudza kuti vasara Moscow" uye kugadzirisa zvinhu, akanga agadzirira chinhu. Nokuti NdiTolstoy, mukuru akava muenzaniso mweya vanhu, muenzaniso mumwe Patriot wechokwadi.

Rufu Kutuzov

Mushure kudzingwa kweuto French kubva kuRussia kudiwa mutungamiriri akadaro mukuru, chii chakanga Kutuzov, maererano NdiTolstoy, yakanyangarika. Zvino, masoja, kunofuridzirwa kukunda ake, aigona kutungamirira mumwe mutungamiriri. A "mumiririri wevanhu Russian" panguva Russia yasvika "soro dhigirii kubwinya kwayo", "hapana chimwe chokuita. Mumiririri vanhu War akanga hapana chakasara asi rufu. "

Asi Kutuzov - mufananidzo yokufungidzira "Hondo uye Rugare", akarangarira nokusingaperi - akaramba munhau yeRussia, mukuru mutungamiri rechiuto, uyo akatsiva kuonga uchenjeri hwake uye ruzivo, kunzwisisa uye uchenjeri uye, Chikurukuru, muganhu kuda Motherland uye kutenda muna morale vanhu kuhwina mukuru kukunda munhoroondo yevanhu.