All-Russian kumusika. Paumbwe munyika musika

Muzana remakore rechi17 kupfuura mari uye nomukurumbira kwemauto yakanga vatorwa kutengeserana. Pamusana kwaari, kuMiddle East kupa kupfuura chishoma zvinhu: zvishongo zvinonhuhwira, zvinonhuhwira, sirika uye zvichingodaro. Chido nazvo zvose, uye panguva anotokonya kugadzwa uye zvakare nokusimbaradza warwo kugadzirwa. Iri raiva kurudziro yokutanga kukura zvezvipfuwo vagotengeseranamo Europe.

ziviso

Mumazana Middle Ages paiva nezvishoma kuwedzera bhuku dzimwe kutengeserana. Pakazopera remakore rechi15, somugumisiro dzinoverengeka nenzvimbo matongo, paiva oneka kusvetuka. The European basa rava yose, uye Ages yaitonga akapinda zvakanaka munguva chinyakare kuunganidza guta. Mumakore 16-18 emakore fung aiva nokusimbaradza upfumi pamwe pakati anoverengeka munzvimbo uye paumbwe mumisika National. Zvisinei, izvozvo rinozivikanwa paumbwe National inoti centralized Mhedziso umambo. Upfumi mutemo yose nyika idzi zvainanga paumbwe mumusika yenyika, pave mudzimba uye dzimwe kutengeserana. kukosha Great akaratidzwazve nokusimbaradza indasitiri, zvokurima, kukurukurirana nematurusi.

Tanga shangu ari munyika musika

Pakazosvika 18 fung remakore kumunda vakawanda kutengeserana anobatanidza Russia zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kubatana kumatunhu itsva. Somuenzaniso, pakati munyika pamwe Left-Bank Ukraine zvigadzirwa vakatanga kusvika uye vamwe maindasitiri zvigadzirwa (nitrate, gunpowder, girazi). Panguva iyoyowo, Russia aiva papuratifomu nokuda kumusika zvibereko nyanzvi dzokugadzira omunharaunda uye mafekitari. hove vakatanga kuuya kubva kumatunhu Don, nyama, chingwa. Back kubva Central uye Volga maruwa vaiva midziyo, shangu, micheka. Kazakhstan akauya mombe, mukutsinhana iyo ndima pedyo dzakapa chingwa uye vamwe maindasitiri zvigadzirwa.

zvakanaka

Great rokuchinja nokuumbwa musika ane Russian zvose akapa zvakanaka. The Kudeuka uye vakange vave National kukosha Makarevskaya. zvigadzirwa izvi zvaibva dzakasiyana dzenyika: Vologda, kumavirira uye kuchamhembe-kumadokero Smolensk, St. Petersburg, Riga, Moscow uye Yaroslavl, Kazan uye Astrakhan. Pakati zvikuru nevanhu vanofanira kunzi nesimbi dzinokosha, simbi, furs, zviyo, matehwe, jira uye siyana zvinogadzirwa mhuka (nyama, mafuta), munyu uye hove. Chii chakatengwa panguva kwakanaka, mari iyoyo munyika; hove uye furs - muMoscow, chingwa uye sipo - kuna St. Petersburg, simbi zvigadzirwa - Astrakhan. Nokuti remakore nemugwagwa wakanaka vakanga yekudyidzana kwakawedzera. Saka, muna 1720, gore rakanga dzoruwa 280 zviuru, uye makore 21 gare gare - .. Ko kare 489,000.

Pamwe chete Makary, akawana National kukosha uye nedzimwe nhumbi: Utatu, Orenburg, Annunciation uye romutumwa mukuru. Irbit Somuenzaniso, aiva maguta ane makumi matanhatu Russian 17 enyika, yakatangwa kudyidzana pamwe Persia uye Central Asia. Svenskaya Fair yave chokuita maguta 37 uye 21 fung province. Pamwe chete Moscow, nhumbi idzi dzose dzaiva zvikuru muna kuunganidzwa zvose kwematunhu uye dunhu uye nemakanzuru mumisika vari pamusika wacho-Russian zvose.

The zvoupfumi mamiriro ezvinhu ari kusimukira

Russian murimi mudiki, pashure wakakwana ayo zviri pamutemo uranda wokutanga akanga zvisinei aifanira kubhadhara State, uyewo tenzi wake, rents (dzinongoitika kana mari). Asi kana, somuenzaniso, kuti enzanisa upfumi mamiriro kuRussia uye Poland, vokuPoland vanhuwo zvavo basa muchimiro serfdom kuwedzera kwakawedzera. Saka, nokuda zvakanga pakupedzisira kwamazuva 5-6 pavhiki. Nokuti Russian murimi mudiki akanga 3 days.

Payment vaite mari chimiro inotaura kuvapo kumusika. Musi dzokutengeserana pasi murimi mudiki ndaifanira kuwana. Paumbwe munyika mumusika yakakurudzira landlords neImba uye kutengesa purazi zvigadzirwa, uyewo (uye pasina zvishoma) uye hurumende - kuti kugadzirwa fiscal mari pakutengeserana.

Development mu upfumi Russia kubva 2nd yezana remakore rechi16

Munguva iyi vakatanga kuumba makuru emunharaunda mumisika. By rechi17 Centenary pakati nokusimbaradza dzebhizimisi ukama akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze pamwero wenyika. "All-Russian Market" - The Mugumisiro pakuwedzera itsva pfungwa nekuita kunoitika pakati wacho munzvimbo. Kunyange zvazvo nenzvimbo yayo kuna pamwero mukuru chaitadzisa chirwere Migwagwa Russian.

Pakazosvika pakati pezana remakore rechi17, pane dzimwe prerequisites kuti musika-Russian zvose ranyuka. dzidzo yake, kunyanya vakabatsira kuti kudzamisa kwemarongerwe evanhu weboka basa uye kugadzirwa miganhu specialization, uyewo zvakakodzera mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika kuti yakabuda nokuda zvokuchinja, dzakanga zvainanga pakusika vasina kuroora.

Huru yezvitoro nzvimbo munyika

Kubva 2nd yezana remakore rechi16 akaumbwa uye akasimbiswa anokosha Regional mumisika yakadai akadai Volga nharaunda (Vologda, Kazan, Yaroslavl - zvipfuwo zvigadzirwa), North (Vologda - huru zviyo pamusika, Irbit, Solvychegodsk - mbava), North-West ( Novgorod - kutengeswa hemp nerineni zvigadzirwa), Centre (Tikhvin, Tula - nomutengo uye kutengeswa simbi zvigadzirwa). Asi chikuru yezvisikwa zvokutengeserana uriri panguva iyoyo aiva Moscow. Mariri, kwaiva vanenge zana nemakumi maviri specialized series, apo iwe waigona kutenga mvere mucheka, sirika uye makushe, mafuta uye chingwa, waini, simbi zvigadzirwa, zviri zvipfuwo uye dzimwe kugadzirwa.

Hurumende

All-Russian kumusika, uko akasimuka sezvo migumisiro zvokuchinja akabatsira vawedzere entrepreneurial kutanga. Kusvikira pachena kuziva, pachiyero pfungwa paiva nomumwe kodzero uye rusununguko. Zvishoma nezvishoma, mamiriro ezvinhu ari nguva chinyakare kuunganidza guta zvoupfumi kwakaita kuti rusununguko zvebhizimisi zvose zvokutengeserana uye mune mamwe maindasitiri.

Mumunda zvokurima mabasa zvishoma nezvishoma kutsiva feudal chisarudzo hurumende kushandura nyika kushandiswa uye kurima. Hurumende rinokurudzira paumbwe imwe National maindasitiri kuti kukanganiswa, uyewo, kuti kukura munyika kumusika. Mukuwedzera, hurumende sevasingafungi pakatanga zvokurima, zvikuru akakwana pane zvakanga kare.

Mumunda dzimwe wezvokutengeserana hurumende rinotsvaga kuwana misha uye vaite imwe mutemo protectionism. Saka, zvose zvakanga kare sevanhu nomumwe maguta zvokutengeserana, zvino rava enyika uye zvoupfumi akananga hurumende rose.

mhedziso

The chikuru chepfungwa nguva chinyakare kuunganidza guta riri kuonekwa chidzoke ukama chinokosha-mari uye musika upfumi. Zvose izvi akasiya rinokosha mucherechedzo mabhora ose evanhu upenyu kumwedzi. Zvisinei, zvakanga yakati gakava nguva, chokwadi, uyewo dzimwe nguva sanduko, apo paiva hondo pakati feudal nokudzora upfumi, vanhu, zvematongerwo enyika, pakunamata kwevanhu zvinodiwa uye dzinokura itsva Bourgeois rusununguko, nokuda pakuwedzera wezvokutengeserana zviyero, iyo inobatsira kuti zvibviswe miganhu nevamwe uye kuitwa pakati feudal Estates.