Musimboti mari munyika yanhasi. Pfungwa mari turnover

Mari - chinomubatanidza inokosha zvose zviri noukama okuwana. Ivo, pamwe chete chigadzirwa vane zvakafanana kwakabva chaizvoizvo, uye zvakafanana. Currency chinhu vasingasiyani chikamu kumusika nyika uye panguva imwe chete anopikisana nazvo. Kana zvinhu zvinoshandiswa riparadzirwe kwenguva yakati, musimboti mari kuchikosha kuti pasina mari bhora ichi hahugoni kuvapo.

noukama chinokosha-mari

Mari ndiye chinokosha chinokosha, apo pakuwana nemamwe ukoshi. Kana isu funga navo vakanyarara, musimboti mari dzavo mashandiro ine pakuti vari murevereri iri kupanana pamusika tsika.

Kudiwa kuvapo ukama chinokosha-mari (uye nokudaro pfungwa dzakadai mari, chikwereti, etc.) kunokonzerwa nokuvapo siyana siyana muridzi. Uyewo rinokoshesa zvikuru pakuomerera chizvidavirire uye kudzora bhuku basa uye kudya.

Full chizvidavirire uye kuzvidzora mhando dzakawanda dzakasiyana nekongiri basa iri panyama zvisingabviri nokuda kwayo socio-zvoupfumi heterogeneity, iyo inoratidza pacharo sezvinotevera:

1) mumuviri uye mupfungwa basa kunonyanya zvakasiyana mumwe.

2) unyanzvi uye nyanzvi aurayiwe basa - ariwo polar mhando.

3) Pane kuwirirana pakati inokuvadza uye nyore kushanda.

Accounting uye kudzora mashoko dzaidzidziswa emhando dzakasiyana nekongiri basa yunifomu husingaoneki pfungwa. Musimboti mari ndiko kuti agovere zvibereko basa, zvisinei unhu kwayo uye uwandu. Mukuwedzera, ivo mubasa chinhu Exchange pakati masangano uye mabhizimisi kwazvo akasiyana siyana muridzi.

Kubva aifanira mari anotevera musimboti mari uye mari kufamba kweropa. Vanoshanda semurwi chinokosha zvakafanana, rinoshandiswa kutaura, kuyera uye kuongorora magariro mabasa, ronga exchange nhumbi, kuti agovere zvibereko basa pakati vashandi uye kuita incentives zvemari.

chigadzirwa Iri kubatana pakati rinodhura uye kukosha kuti vatengi. Naizvozvo pane chikonzero kuitisa ayo chizvidavirire uye mhando, uye vari kuongorora kuratidzwa.

The chikuru mashandiro anoita mari

Zvinotevera mashandiro anoita mari yakabuda evanhu vemazuva ano:

1) The musimboti mari munyika yanhasi iri kuti vari mudziyo nokuda ndichibvunza pokudzora vezvikwata zvemari. Ndiko, inodzidzisa rinotarisira mugadziri, iyo payer - pamusoro nokutengesa uye pamusoro zvinopesana, kubhengi verifies muitiro abvumire uye mutsividzo yemutoo wezvikwereti kuti vatengi, etc.

2) ane basa rinokosha musangano mumisha iri upfumi (kudiwa kuramba pakati nepakati mari uye zvekushandisa uye kuwana kuti yokutanga nguva dzose akapfuudza wechipiri).

3) Nde chokuratidza kugoverwa pakati nouwandu basa (kunze equalization, kushandisa zvakawanda abhadhare basa rinoitwa, kukurudzira mushandi yauinayo).

4) Zviri chinhu chinokosha pakuderedza ari kutengesa kwacho (mushandi mumwe anopedzera mari iri kutengwa dzako zvinhu zvinoita kuti waguta ayo zvinodiwa).

5) Rimwe bhuku rinotsanangura mari iri upfumi huri chokupika mashandiro anoita nzira pakuronga ukama pakati zvokurima uye maguta, nedzimwe mhando pfuma.

6) inobatsira kupararira-siyana zvigadzirwa kambani.

The raora vanhu Kugadzirwa kunooneka pacharo nenzira mbiri hazvo uye mari. Urongwa Izvi zvinokosha kuona sei pfungwa iyi, uye vari kuparadzira yenhengo dzayo. Nokuda zvakamisa hurongwa vanoumba anonzi muripo Fund. Its chikuru basa ndiko kuti vabhadhare kugadzirwa. Also kuumbwa pachishandiswa ari National mari, izvo zvinosanganisira mari, reserves inishuwarenzi, administrative mari, pamusoro kudzivirira uye socio-tsika mabasa.

Kuchengetedza imwe mari pachiyero

Chii chinonzi mari? Kuti vave nechokwadi mari isimbe hakusi chete goridhe, asi zvakawanda nhumbi panguva dzinoshandiswa mamiriro. Dzinoita kuti pave Kudzikamiswa nevazhinji zvemari nokuti kuti inobva chaiwo evanhu basa.

Zvinokosha kuti tirambe takatsiga pakati nemari dzaivapo, uye nenhumbi kuti vanosvika pamusoro echiShinto. Izvi zvinotsanangura kuti sei mabhiri rakapa chete kana yokushayiwa zvechokwadi kwavari.

Gold anoshanda senzira kuti dzakawanda kutenga uye Sales, nokuti mamiriro matura rinokosha simbi vane nzvimbo chaiyo iri muitiro asunga nokugadzikana currency. Pamusana kwavari, zvinokwanisika kuwedzera huwandu kupinzwa uye ezasi, ukuwo, ekisipoti. Nzira iyi rinoshandiswa kuti akudziridze kutengeserana mukati munyika uye kuwedzera mari nokuda currency.

Ndingawane mari? mugove cheshumba kuitira kutsiga mari yenyika weveta vatorwa Exchange reserves, ayo paakapiwa ne imwe mamiriro munyika yedu.

Saka, muna pfupi mashandiro anoita mari ndeinotevera:

1) Kutsunga nezvaizoitika uye mutengo akamboona.

2) kuti turnover.

3) The chinhu kune nemari uye mari.

4) World mari.

Ngatikurukurei chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu pfungwa idzi.

Chii nechiyero ukoshi

Chiyero ukoshi - chiyero ne zvakatemwa, chokwadi, mutengo nhumbi. Ndicho kuratidza unhu uye uwandu basa kuti kunodiwa ayo gadzira. In tsika, vakawanda siyana marudzi chaiwo basa, izvo kuenderana tichitaura mari.

Labor materializes zvebhizimisi zvivako, zvakawanda chaizvo, ukoshi hwayo akatsunga sezvo mutengo mishonga, asi kazhinji zvakasiyana kukosha kwayo sezvo kazhinji dzikatsauka payo.

Kuti vawedzere ari rokutenga simba mari, unofanira kupedza kuwa muna mitengo. Asi unogona kuva chidzoke munhu vanodzishayiwa mu purofiti. Uye woupenyu vachatambura inokanganisa mashoko rokutenga simba currency. Ichi chimwe chinhu, izvo anoratidza musimboti mari, ano chinoumba iro kunobatanidza zvakawanda.

Kazhinji zvinodiwa kuti inoshanda chigadzirwa mutengo, anopikisana. Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, unofanira kutora zvinotevera matanho:

- kuita kuwedzera chaizvo mari;

- kurerutsa kudyiwa nhumbi, izvo zvinokuvadza;

- kuronga aizorodzwa kutenga zvigadzirwa nokuda mapoka vokuparidzira kuti inokurukurwa nyore.

chiyero ukoshi ndiyo hwaro kudzorwa National mari zano, "mari aripo, hapana mari."

Regulation chiyero ukoshi

Kuti kuderedza mumwe mari kune pamwero kuti faniro, nzanga inoda, unofanira kutora zvinotevera matanho:

1) kodzero kuronga matsva mutengo.

2) Handling mari.

3) Kubvunza hukuru zvakakodzera Zimbabwe tariffs.

4) Kuti aite kudzora prices.

Matanho aya achasika incentives nokuda nemabhizimisi, saka vanoita mutengo rutapudzo uye akatanga kumutsa yauinayo.

Kupedza kusiyana mutengo nhumbi, zvakakodzera equalize kwavari mukati chete scale, iro Inonzi pakurema, iro rinoshandiswa nenzira imwe nyika kuti vaone mitengo. Ichi chimwe chinhu icho kuratidza musimboti mari.

Rimwe danho rinokosha kuti kuwedzera pamwero okuwana - kuita mabasa zvikwereti achiparadzira svikiro. Panyaya iyi, kubata kuyerera kwenhumbi uye mari. Ndizvo currency rine muyananisi nebasa, mubasa kupanana zvigadzirwa. Muchiitiko chino, zviri chinokosha imwe mhando iri vaipanana mumwe.

Musimboti mari ndiko pakuti vanongogara kufamba. Havagoni abve nedanho musika ukama zvachose. Nepo kutengesa zvigadzirwa kuuya muende, currency unorambira anotengeswa uye anoramba ushande nokusingaperi.

Sezvo nzira wokufambisa mari raitungamirwa user. Anopedza izvozvo chete nokuda zvigadzirwa kuti vasangane zvawaitaura. Mushure asunga inotevera turnover kutenderera mari anodzokera shure kubhangi, asi chimwe chikamu rinogona kutorwa kubva wokufambisa kuti kuita mamwe mabasa.

Mari senzira mubhadharo

Mashandiro mari sezvo achishandisa muripo rakaumbwa somugumisiro yacho turnover kwacho, kuti tinoonga kwaari, currency akawana mamiriro svikiro zvokutsinhanisa. Mari dziri solvent panguva apo zvinhu vanotengeswa pasina muripo naye ino chaiyo. Pahwaro dambudziko ivo akaumba sungiro uye kodzero zvinoda kuti kwenguva refu hunhu.

Relationships kuti dzinobva mashandiro mari senzira wokufambisa, muri anopfuurawo. Asi basa currency senzira muripo rinoitwa mukufamba kwenguva refu ukama, izvo Somuenzaniso, ndezvaJehovha kuripwa mari, chikwereti pamari yezvikwereti iri kubhadharwa, mitero. On ayo hwaro, anosika zvinhu zvinobatsira kuchengetedza mari panguva mari kubudikidza kadhi kana kurekodha zvinhu kunoreva kutsiva bhiri. Kuti pane mari, hapana mari.

Finance senzira kuunganidza uye kuchengetedza

In basa rayo senzira kuwanda uye mari, mari kuti tikwanise kuchengeta mari zvayo vakawanda chimiro. In Muchiitiko ichi, zvinogona chero nguva vanova chikamu kurapwa zvakafanana kutenga nzira muripo.

Kana mari kukonzera makopi uye achishandisa muripo, ivo mhando amirire goridhe, pane zviratidzo arasikirwe zvinoratidza chii mari - National Banknotes.

Kuunganidza mari regera kuti mugumo pachayo muzviitiko apo kuita sechinhu chimiro rakasikwa nheyo kana kuwedzera kugadzirwa. For nemabhizimisi, vanova haibatsiri Fund zvoupfumi dzishande, zviyero pamahombekombe ano nyaya.

Senzira kuunganidza mari yakasiyana marapirwo chivako usingabereki kushanda se imhute zvakafanana chimiro, uyewo mumiriri, hwakanyatsorwisa kutaura, mari rinomirira chive kwenguva yakareba. Nekuti zvakakosha kuona kuti mitengo mari kuitira isimbe yavo, kuitira kuti kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvavo kuti vaunze, izvo zvimwe inova maturo.

mari nyika

Nokuda kuvapo kuramba kukura chinokosha ukama iri pfungwa yakabuda pakati penyika mbiri sezvo mari dzenyika. Ndiyo imwe musimboti mari. Mari sezvo mari uye mari sezvo guta iri chikamu pose zvemari turnover. Mukati neimwe nyika ivo unoshanda muchimiro zviratidzo, aifarirwa mutemo. Muchiitiko chino, vane zviri kukwanisa kutenga, uyewo simba solvency.

Zvisinei mari yavo ehurumende kurarama zvakasikwa muchimiro vara zvinokosha nesimbi ose, kuti runoratidzwa mune zvakasikwa nerokuti hazvo. Pane nhoroondo dzakawanda kubhadhara kuitira kuchengeta nyika mari pakati yaimbova CMEA vechikamu kwakasarudzwa vagadze mukutsinhana zvemari muchimiro kupishinura. Nokuti chawo akasarudzwa transferable Ruble, ine ndarama kugutsikana, asi haako. chezita kukosha kwayo kwakanga zvishoma asingasviki 1 giremu zvinokosha simbi, iro rinoshandiswa nokuda kuziva mutengo wenyika pamwero mu yakawiriranwa.

Chii mari aibuda

Apo, munguva noukama chinokosha-mari inoitika kuti okutengesa muitiro, pane mari uye misha. Naivowo munguva kugovera mari, unova musimboti mari. Pfungwa mari turnover kunosanganisira kuunganidzwa vachibhadhara zvose.

In ezvinhu aya vanhu uye mabhizimisi kunoenderana mumwe nemapoka maviri musika. Vanhu vanoshandisa atambira mari nokuda kutenga mutengi nhumbi. Makambani, akavapindurawo, yave kutengesa zvigadzirwa ayo kuvanhu, uyewo mamwe masangano kuti vawane kwemari kuita mimwe maitiro kugadzirwa.

zvekuvaka musika achipa makambani akasiyana-siyana mhando nhumbi (zvokunyama, simba, basa, dzinongoitika) kuti zvinodiwa kuti kugadzirwa. Kana tinomiririra kukurukurirana mari uye kubhadhara muchimiro sangano, ipapo rokutanga kuchaita pa mwero miseve, uye wechipiri - negwara risiri.

Pakati zvose hova basa rinokosha ndohwaJehovha National (uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa.) chigadzirwa. Rinomiririra mari nhumbi uye mabasa, izvo zvinoratidza musimboti mari uye zvikwereti. Uye zvinosanganisira National mari, izvo achiumbwa vose mari yakagamuchirwa yevagari (kusanganisira, chinosanganisira mubayiro, rendi, mubereko uye mubereko).

Kuti uwandu hwazvo Rwako nhumbi, mari inoshandiswa. Mupfungwa yokufananidzira, sangano kwenhumbi - nenyere uye achiparadzira mari - imvura inoyerera kuburikidza navo. National chigadzirwa anotora chimiro mwero unyatsoshanda "emura", uye mari mari anotaurwa zvawo.

Kana aitenderera swatanudza mari uye mari, vakaumba nzira mbiri nokuda kwemutemo achishandisa zvinhu, izvo ave tenzi wavo, kuti chigadzirwa okutengesa misika:

1) mari vari zvakananga aida rinodyiwa. Ichi yakarurama.

2) Nokuda kufamba kuburikidza nemari, mari uye misika yemari - vanonzi kunanga.

A chinokosha nezvainoita turnover mari uye nenhumbi vane vanozoshanda. Nekuti ivo rutivi zvemari ezvinhu, vanhu ava vari kuita redirection mari kubva Lenders kune anokwereta. dzinowanzotaura mari idzi hamusi rehurumende, uye avo pachavo.

mari turnover utariri

To ita zvimwe kuongorora sei riparadzirwe zvinhu uye mari, unofanira kuronga pamazita vanovengwa paruzhinji kwemauto zvokuvakisa uye zvikwereti wakabata nyika.

Mari izvo zvinoita vanhu kana mitero kune hurumende bhajeti, pamwe nemichina ne vachibhadhara kwavari mari muchimiro kutapurirana kubhadhara. Pasina kupinza nyaya, isu tiwane Verengai mitero mune yakachena chimiro.

Kana pane bhajeti dhefisiti, hurumende rinotaura misika yacho zvemari muchikwereti. Kureva kuti anotengesa kuchengetedzeka uye vanozoshanda zvemari, mukuru vanogara.

Kana iwe kuderedza mitero, izvozvo achapa kwakakurudzira kuwedzera nemari uye kuparadzwa, uye ichi, akavapindurawo, chokwadi kukanganisa kukura National chigadzirwa. Kuwedzera kukura hurumende zvokuvakisa sezvo zvinovakurudzira iye, sezvo ari kurera padanho mari kubva pakutengeswa kwenhumbi uye mabasa (ari chiitiko kuti mari inowedzerawo).

Pakati zvishandiso hurumende rokuchinja redunhu iri mari nomutemo. Pasi payo rinowanzoreva zviito wehurumende zvainanga kuchinja kwazvo mari wechiGeorgian.

Model mari kuparadzirwa chinhu namahwindo zvoupfumi, zvisina kuonekwa kune kunze nyika. It achava zvikuru kunzwisisa mamiriro, kana masangano ayo wedzera noukama mari, izvo kwakavakirwa dzakawanda kukurukurirana: ekisipoti uye zvainoreva kwenhumbi uye mabasa, zvikwereti uye Tera kunze pakati penyika mbiri, nomutengo uye kutengeswa mari yesangano pasi pose.