Zvinangwa zvemitemo. Mienzaniso yezvetsika

Chimiro chakanaka chiito chakavakirwa pamanzwiro emitemo yepamutemo kuburikidza nechimwe chimiro chemunhu. Inoumbwa nehuwandu hwezvimwe zvinhu. Zvichiri kuwedzera munyaya yacho, tichakurukura zvakadzama pfungwa ye "maitiro ekutsika" (mienzaniso yeiyo ichapiwa pasi apa). Vangave sei? Ndezvipi zvinangwa zvinotevera?

General information

Zvinangwa zvemweya uye zvetsika zveunhu hunoshanda semuenzaniso wokutevedzera. Ruzhinji runoita zvido zvevanhu pamusoro pemaitiro emufambiro. Mutakuri wake ndiye unhu hwakanaka. Chimiro chomunhu chakanyatsokurudzirwa mumararamiro enyama chinosanganisira unhu hwakanaka hunoshanda semuenzaniso wehukama nehutano pakati pevanhu. Ndizvo zvinomiririra izvo zvinomanikidzira munhu, kunyanya, uye sangano sevanhu vose, kuvandudza mararamiro avo, uye naizvozvo, kukura.

Maitiro evasayendisiti

Zvinangwa uye tsika dzetsika dzenguva dzakasiyana dzakasiyana pakati pavo. Vakawanda vanofunga nezvemafungiro uye vanyori vakakurudzira nyaya iyi mumabasa avo. Pamusoro peAristotle, tsika dzakanaka dzaisanganisira kuzvifungisisa, ruzivo rwechokwadi uye masangano kubva kune zvenyika. Maererano naKant, mukati meumwe munhu pane "munhu akakwana". Idzidziso yezviito zvake ndiyo tsika yakanaka. Icho chimiro chekambasi yemukati inounza munhu pedyo nekukwana, asi haaiti zvakakwana zvachose. Kune mumwe muzivi, nyanzvi, nyanzvi yezvechitendero, pakanga paine mufananidzo uye kunzwisisa kwezvakanaka zvetsika.

Chinangwa

Zvinangwa zvemitemo, zvechokwadi, zvinobatsira pakuzvidzidza kwevanhu. Munhu nekushingaira kwekuda uye kunzwisisa kuti chinangwa chinofanira kuwanikwa, chinoedza kuzadzika uye kukunda zvikwiriso zvehupenyu hwenheyo. Zvinangwa zvetsika ndiyo nheyo iyo maitiro emitemo nemitemo inozogadzirwa. Zvose izvi zvinoitika pane zvinodiwa muupenyu hwehupenyu. Chinonyanya kukosha mamiriro ezvinhu ehupenyu, umo munhu wacho anorarama. Somuenzaniso, panguva yemakore, hondo dzakatarisa pamufananidzo wemunhu ane ushingi, ane simba, murume akanaka ane zvombo, asi anoshandisa chete kuchengetedza nyika yake nehama dzake.

Migumisiro pakuvandudzirwa kwevanhu

Kunzwisisa kwehutsika hwakanaka kwakapararira kuvanhu vose. Munhu anorota kuzviona ari munharaunda ichavakwa pamitemo yevanhu uye yakarurama. Muchiitiko ichi, zvakakosha ndiyo chimiro chevanhu vakadaro iyo inogona kubudisa zvido zvemamwe mapoka emagariro evanhu, maonero avo ehurumende yakakwirira uye hutano hwevanhu huchazova hwakanakisisa.

Maitiro ehutsika ehutano hwemagariro evanhu anosanganisira kugoverwa kwakakwana kwehutano pakati pevanhu vemasangano, hukama pakati pekodzero dzevanhu uye mabasa. Kuzvinhu zvepamusoro zvepamusoro zvinosanganisira kukwanisa kwemunhu, nzvimbo yake muhupenyu, rubatsiro muupenyu hwemagariro evanhu uye ivhu rakagamuchirwa kuburikidza naro. Zvinangwa zvemitemo zvinokonzera mararamiro akanaka ehupenyu uye kukwanisa kuwana hupenyu hunofadza. Kuedza kutsvaga, iyo ndiyo chinangwa chikuru chekuedza kose, munhu uye sangano rinofanira kushandisa nzira dzepamusoro chete dzakanaka.

Zviri mukati

Lenin akafunga kuti tsika dzakanaka "kuva netsika dzakakwirira", iyo inosanganisira maitiro akanaka. Mukuona kwake, ivo vaimiririra zvose zvakakosha kuvanhu uye vakange vari muenzaniso wevanhu. Kubva pane tsika dzakanaka, kuongororwa pamwero wakakwirira, zvinyorwa zvekanaka zvinovakwa. Kuziva kunokwidziridza kune unhu hwakanakisisa iyo miitiro yakakwirira yehutsika, unhu, maitiro evanhu vechokwadi uye chaiwo mune zvakasikwa. Sosi uye humwe hutsva hunoda kuona maitiro emurairo. Nhengo imwe neimwe yevanhu inofanirwa kuve yakakodzera uye yakarurama kufunga, kukwanisa kuvaka ukama uye kubatana. Izvo zvakanaka inofambidzana nemamwe maitiro akanaka ekuratidzwa. Kunyanya, dzinosanganisira kuyemura, kubvumirwa, chido chekuva nani. Izvo zvose izvi zvinokurudzira zvakasimba, kumanikidzira munhu kuedza kuzvidzidza uye kuzvidzivirira. Iko kune marudzi akawanda ezvakanaka: regressive uye reactionary, chaiyo uye utopian. Izvo zvine chokuita netsika dzakanaka zvashanduka munguva yezvakaitika kare. Zvinangwa zvekare, zvichienderana nekunyengera kwavo uye zvakasununguka kubva kune chaicho, kwete chinangwa chebasa romumwe munhu, rakaramba risisvikiki. Kunyangwe chinangwa chekufambira mberi kwepamusoro kwezviratidziro zvemitemo chaive chakavakirwa pane zvido zvekuzviisa pasi, pasina ruzivo rwekusasarura kwemutemo uye nzira dzekuita.

Kuchinja kwemazuva ano

Munguva yekomonist system, zvinangwa zvemitemo zvakadanirwa kushumira pakuumbwa nekusimbiswa kwezvinoitika. Chiratidzo chemufambiro wakakwirira wevanhu vemazuva ano unhu hwakagadziridzwa hwakagadzikana. Rinosiyaniswa nechido chekugadzirisa tsika. Ruzhinji runopa kune nhengo dzaro zvimwe zvido zvetsika. Vanoungana pamwe chete vachigadzira muenzaniso weunhu hwakakwana. Nguva dzose kuwedzera, kuunzazve chimwe chinhu chitsva, zvinoratidza kukurudzirwa kwemitemo yehutungamiri hwevanhu. Ruzhinji rwemazuva ehurumende hunoisa pakutanga pane tsika yemumwe munhu, chiitiko chinoshingaira zvevanhu, chinangwa chebasa revanhu, kusina kusiyanisa kwemashoko nemabasa, kuvimbika.

Zvinangwa zvemuitiro wedu zvine unhu hunoshanda uye hunobudirira, hwakabatana nezvinodiwa zvevanhu. Vanowana zvinyorwa zvechokwadi mumubatanidzwa wehutano hwemagariro evanhu. Nheyo dzetsika dzenguva yedu dziri kushanda mumatambudziko ekuzvivandudza, kudzidzisa tsika uye kuzvimirira. Plekhanov akati kana munhu achinyanya kushanda munhu anotsvaka kuwana hukama hwemagariro evanhu, akakwirira anowanikwa munharaunda yezvetsika. Asi kunyange munguva dzechisarudzo, hutsika huri zviratidzo, husingawirirani nechokwadi, enda imwe danho mberi. Vanoisa pamberi pomunhu zvimwe zvinangwa, zvinosanganisira musangano unogara uchiita, uninterteded development process. Kuwedzerwa kuita zvekugara kwevanhu, kuvandudza hutano hwevanhu uye dzidzo yezvetsika - zvose izvi mumatambudziko zvichabvumira kugadzirisa kupesana kwakasangana pakati pechokwadi uye tsika dzakanaka.