Nuthatch: tsanangudzo, kugara, kubereka

Mutevedzeri, kana nhovo yakawanda - ndeye shiri shomanana yemhuri yekukamba, iyo yakawanda muNorth Africa, Asia neEurope. Iwe unogona kusangana munzvimbo yepakati yeRussia, pamwe neSiberia. Ikoko matendere mune mishonga yakasanganiswa, coniferous uye yakaoma, muminda uye mapaki emisha. Kunyatsotsvaga kutsvaga chikafu nemafuta kunofamba pamatavi nematanda emiti, kazhinji kunyange kukwira pasi.

Tsanangudzo

Iyo shiri shomanana inofamba, inosvika 14,5 cm murefu, ine uremu hwe25 g uye mapapiro ane 27 cm; Iine musoro mukuru, physique yakaoma uye inenge isingadiwi, mutsvuku mutsvuku. Pombi yakaoma, fluffy. Ruvara runopesana zvichienderana nenzvimbo, muviri wepamusoro panguva imwechete nguva dzose une mavara akasiyana-siyana e gray-bluu ruvara. Munharaunda yeEastern East, Western Europe, uyewo muCaucasus, ine bhudzi tsvuku uye chichena chichena nemutsipa. Kumusoro, pasi kwayo yakachena nemakumbo matsvuku, pamwezve, chestnut podhvostem ne pestrinami white hue.

Nuthatch, iyo mifananidzo inoratidzwa munyaya ino, inogara kumabvazuva kweChina, inenge yakadzika pasi rose. Munharaunda yeFar East, mhete mitsvuku yakasimwa. Pamusoro pemapapiro emumapapiro pane nguva dzose mavara machena. Kubvira pakutanga kwemuviri kumutsipa wemutsipa kunopinda mumvuri wakadzika. Muromo unopinza, wakananga uye wakareba, jena muvara. Panheyo yayo pane mberi-kutungamirirwa zvakasimba. Mapapiro akapoteredzwa, mafupi, ane gumi mapepa feathers. Mutsva, yakarurama muswe. Makumbo akasimba, mavara-machena, ane mitsetse yakareba yakareba, yakanyatsogadziriswa kuti ishande miti inoshingaira. Madzimai nevanhurume haasi zvakasiyana zvachose kubva kune mumwe, asi murume chete ndiye mukuru.

Areal

Mumusango chikamu chePalearctic (chikamu chikuru cheAsia, Europe, pamwe neNorth Africa) , nhamba yakakura yakawanda. Nyeredzi, iyo yemifananidzo iyo inowanikwa munyaya ino, inowanikwa kwose kwose munyika dzeEurope. Panharaunda yenyika yedu kubva kuchamhembe, uwandu hunoenderana neGungwa Dzvuku, kumucheto kwakadzika kweMu River uye mumusha weUst-Tsilm; Kubva kumaodzanyemba - Saratov, Voronezh, Kokchetav, South Urals, Barnaul naOmsk. Kunze kwenyika yedu kunogara Korea, China, Taiwan uye zvitsuwa zveJapan; Munyika yekumaodzanyemba inogara muIran, Israel, Indochina nemakomo eAmaalaya. MuAfrica unogona kusangana muMorocco.

Habitat

Nuthatch inowanzogara mumasango - coniferous, yakavhenganiswa uye yakaoma, paanosarudza masango ane nhamba yakawanda yekare nemiti yemiti, umo vanozvitsvakira zvokudya. Uyewo anogara achizvipira mumapaki uye minda ine miti yakashata. Munharaunda yekumaodzanyemba nekumadokero kweEurope, inoda masango makuru-akadzingwa akatungamirirwa ne hornbeam, oak, beech.

Nuthatch inobva kuchamhembe inosvika kuchamhembe kwemasango, kumaodzanyemba - nzvimbo yezvikepe, umo inosvika mumabhanhire emasango uye masango eTaigai. Mune Far East uye kuSiberia, iyo inowanzosvikirwa nemasango emakirini, vazhinji vavo vanorarama mumatare nematare emisidhari. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti kupatsanurwa kwematurakiti emasango, kutungamirira kazhinji kuderedzwa kwenhamba yemhando dzakasiyana, hakubatsiri kuberekwa kweuthatism.

Nuthatch (mifananidzo inogona kuonekwa munyaya ino) inotungamirira hupenyu hwehupenyu, uye, semutemo, inonamatira kune imwe nzvimbo, kana isingavhiringidzi. Pakati peti taiga uye kumaodzanyemba, shiri dzinoenda kumaodzanyemba munguva yechando. Panguva ino yegore vanogona kubatanidza dzimwe shiri (kunyanya tits), asi hazviiti boka. Iyo imwe yenyika, inodzivirira nzvimbo yayo yegore rose.

Kubereka

Mune shiri, kutanga kwenguva yekubereketa zvakananga kunobva kuhupamhi. Semuenzaniso, munharaunda yepakati peRussia inotanga kugara mudendere munaEpril, iyo iri kumaodzanyemba - muna May chete. Shiri dzinofanana nemukadzi (imwe chete yevakadzi inosangana nemurume mumwe chete); Vakaroorana muupenyu hwavo hwose vanochengetedzwa.

Gadzira chidzitiro chako nevhu, uchisiya kaduku kadiki.

Hatching

Nuthatch zvakajairika, mufananidzo waro unoiswa munyaya ino, nekutangira kwekudzivirirwa kwakanyarara, kuva unobtrusive. Nasizhivaet musikana, painosiya dendere chete kana paine ngozi, isati yafukidzira kuisa marara. Incubation inopedza anenge masvondo maviri. Zvimwe zviputi zvinoputika, izvo zvinofukidzirwa nehurefu husingawaniki pamasana avo, mapepa uye musoro. Vabereki vaviri vanovatarisira, vachivaunzira zvokudya kusvika kusvika 350 pazuva. Mhou dzimire pamapiro mushure mamazuva makumi mashanu, kunyange kune mamwe mavhiki maviri ivo vanodyidzwa nevabereki vavo vozoparadzirwa.

Nhamba huru ye shiri shiri kumagumo ezhizha inosarudza mumwe munhu, asi nechisarudzo chemudiwa uye nharaunda yenharaunda inozopedzisira yakagadzirirwa chete gore rinotevera. Shiri musango dzinorarama makore gumi nemana.

Hollow

Shiri dzinotapira matendere mumakomba, asi, kusiyana nematanda akafanana, haagoni kuvhara chidziro pasina chekuita, saka, shandisa zvisikwa zvekare kana kuti uite zvisikwa zvemuviri mumiti. Ihombe yakasarudzwa kure nemamita 4-8 pamusoro pevhu. Uyezve, duplexes yakasikwa nemaitiro. Kazhinji, kana gomba rakakura zvakakwana, rinoifukidza nevhu kuti ridzivirire kubva kune zvakasiyana-siyana, rinosanganisa nguva nenguva nemuriwo, richisiya kaduku kadiki kakakura kusvika 35 mm. Nguva nenguva ivhu rakafukidzwa nehomwe pachayo uye nzvimbo dzakapoteredza.

Iko mukati kunosungirirwa nezviyero zviduku zvemuviri wepamusoro wepamusoro wekudzika, dzimwe nguva - zvidimbu zvemashizha. Iyo yakasvibirira yakanaka - mazai mairi anenge asvibiswa zvachose.